In this paper we use theoretical methods of classical mathematical physics to study acoustic and electromagnetic radiation generated by capillary oscillations of a charged droplet of an ideal incompressible electrically conductive liquid in an ideal nonconductive medium. The radiations are revealed in analytical asymptotic calculations of the first order of smallness in the dimensionless amplitude of droplet oscillations. Analytical expressions for the intensity of acoustic and electromagnetic radiation, which differ by several orders of magnitude and fall in different frequency ranges, are found. Acoustic radiation from liquid-drop systems of natural origin—fogs, clouds, and smog—fall in the ultrasonic frequency range, while acoustic radiation from large raindrops falls in the region of audible sound. Electromagnetic radiation from liquid-drop systems of natural origin occurs at frequencies from tenths of a megahertz to a few megahertz.

Theoretical methods of classical mathematical physics investigate the acoustic and electromagnetic radiation generated by capillary oscillations of a charged drop of an ideal uncompressible electroconductive fluid in an ideal nonconductive medium. The radiations discussed are found in first-order analytical asymptotic calculations of smallness by the dimensionless amplitude of droplet oscillations. Analytical expressions were found for the intensity of acoustic and electromagnetic radiation, which differ by several orders of magnitude and fall on different frequency bands. Acoustic radiation from liquid-droplet systems of natural origin: fogs, clouds, smogs – falls on the ultrasonic frequency range, but acoustic radiation from large raindrops goes in the area of audible sound. Electromagnetic radiation from liquid-droplet systems of natural origin goes at frequencies from tenths of megahertz to megahertz units.

In the asymptotic calculations of the first order of smallness by the dimensionless amplitude of capillary waves on the surface of charged jets of a polar liquid, the effect of the relaxation effect of surface tension on the regularities of their implementation is studied. Calculations are carried out on the model of an ideal incompressible electrically conductive fluid. It is shown that taking into account the effect of dynamic surface tension leads to an increase in the order of the dispersion equation, which has another damping root, describing the oscillations of the jet surface related to the destruction of the near-surface double electric layer (destruction of the ordering of polar molecules in the near-surface layer). At sufficiently large charges (prebreakdown in the sense of the ignition of a corona discharge in a gaseous medium), this solution becomes unstable, as a result of which the entire surface undergoes electrostatic instability. In the used mathematical model of an ideal fluid, the motion of the jet surface that occurs when the surface tension relaxation effect is turned on and the attenuation decrements of the capillary wave motions are purely of a relaxation nature.

The proteomic composition of a biological sample serves as the most important feature of a biological object, and it allows discriminating normal and pathological conditions. Targeted mass spectrometric analysis, namely, multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) using synthetic isotopically-labeled internal standard (SIS), is the main alternative to the ELISA method for the analysis of diagnostically significant proteins. Based on the MRM results, a prototype test system has been developed; it employs the targeted mass spectrometric method for multiplex, quantitative analysis of FDA-verified proteins in whole blood plasma. Using this approach, it was possible to measure the content of 42 proteins in 31 samples in a concentration range spanning five orders of magnitude. The interindividual variability for 30 of the 42 registered proteins was less than 40%. The largest scatter was observed for haptoglobin (68%), immunoglobulin heavy constant delta IGHD (90%), angiotensin (72%), sex hormone-binding globulin SHBG (100%) and lipoprotein-(a) (136%). The obtained results on the concentration of proteins correlate with published data (Hortin et al., 2008, Clinical Chemistry, 54, 1608) with R2=0.84. The developed prototype test system based on targeted mass spectrometric analysis of proteins can be considered as an alternative to methods using monoclonal antibodies.

This paper considers the role of the Academy of Sciences in the formation and development of space physiology. Academicians M.V. Keldysh, N.M. Sisakian, L.A. Orbeli, V.N. Chernigovsky, A.V. Lebedinsky, V.V. Parin, O.G. Gazenko, A.I. Grigoryev, and other famous Russian scientists made a significant contribution to research in the field of space life sciences. Their active participation in studies allowed manned spaceflights to be carried out. The accumulated experience of traditional physiology made it possible to solve the fundamental problems of new scientific areas related to the presence of man in space. The Institute of Biomedical Problems, which in its activities has always relied on cooperation with many institutes of the Academy of Sciences, has made a significant contribution to the development of space physiology and related sciences, which made our country one of the leaders in manned astronautics.

The pairwise hydrodynamic and electrostatic interaction between micrometer-sized water droplets at small distances between them due to their evaporation and the presence of an electric charge on at least one of them is considered. The velocities of the steady-state motion of charged water drops with radii of 1 and 10 µm evaporating in air are calculated. It is shown that at small distances between the drops the joint action of hydrodynamic attraction and polarization interaction, always of attraction type, favor the coalescence of the drops (or drops and solid particles), leading to the displacement of the maximum of the function of drop distribution over size to the region of greater sizes and the gravity sedimentation of large drops. At large distances between the drops, when the short-distance hydrodynamic and polarization attractive forces become smaller than the long-distance Coulomb repulsion forces between likely charged particles, this distance tends to increase. These phenomena give a microphysical explanation to the phenomenon of electrostatic blooming in optically dense smokes and mists.

Regularities of the nonlinear gravitational wave motion in a two-layer density-stratified fluid are investigated for a finite thickness of the upper, lighter, layer. The characteristics of the nonlinear internal resonant interaction of the gravity waves generated by the free surface of the upper layer and the medium interface are considered. It is shown that in second-order calculations both degenerate (two-wave) and secondary combined (three-wave) resonant interactions may be realized.

A second-order asymptotic expression for the profile of a capillary-gravity wave traveling over the charged surface of an ideal incompressible fluid is calculated analytically. Two types of steady-state profiles of nonlinear periodic capillary-gravity waves are found. For a certain fixed dimensionless surface charge the shape of the tops of the nonlinear waves changes: from blunt to pointed for short waves and from pointed to blunt for long waves.

An asymptotic solution of the problem of time evolution of a periodic wave on the surface of a viscous, infinitely deep fluid in the approximation quadratic in the wave amplitude is proposed.

The dispersion equation for the capillary oscillations of a charged drop of viscous incompressible fluid of finite electrical conductivity with account for energy loss by electromagnetic-wave radiation is obtained. It is shown that the intensity of the energy loss associated with the electromagnetic radiation of the oscillating drop increases with its conductivity, charge and the surface mobility of the charge carriers. The intensity of the background radiation of a cumulus cloud is estimated.