在水驱油田开发中,预测含水率随开发时间的变化规律具有重要的意义.为了提高油田含水率的预测精度,克服单一预测模型的不足,基于对Logistic模型、Gompertz模型和Usher模型特征的综合分析,以预测误差平方和最小为准则确定最优加权系数,建立了水驱油田含水率的最优组合预测模型.通过实例应用表明,最优组合预测模型相对于单一预测模型具有更高的精度,可以用来预测油田含水率,指导水驱油田的开发.

将Usher模型与常用水驱特征曲线相结合,建立了一种能预测水驱油田在不同开发时期的含水率、产油量、产水量、产液量和相应累计产油量等开发指标以及可采储量的联解模型.此模型克服了产量预测模型中缺少含水率和水驱特征曲线缺少开发时间等开发指标的缺陷.油田实际开发数据与预测结果的对比表明,此联解模型的预测精度相对较高,能够满足水驱油田开发指标的动态预测要求.

基于水驱油田含水率的变化规律,将预测生物生长的Von Bertalanffy模型用于含水率预测,并取极限含水率为1.根据油田实际生产数据,应用最大线性相关系数求得模型常数b和k的值,得到预测水驱油田含水率随开发时间变化的新模型,并利用胜坨油田和双河油田的实际含水率数据对该模型进行验证.结果表明,这2个油田的含水率预测结果的平均相对误差分别为4.69％和1.12％.该模型预测精度较高,能够对油田含水率进行预测,可指导水驱油田的开发.

Triaxial compression experiments were carried out on deep-buried marble specimens to investigate their short-term and creep mechanical behavior under cyclic loading. First, based on the results of short-term triaxial experiments, the elastic, plastic, and strength behaviors of marble were analyzed. The results show that for the same confining pressure, the elastic modulus of marble remains basically constant at the lower axial deviatoric level but decreases slowly after yielding strength; in contrast, the plastic modulus reduces rapidly with the increase of axial deviatoric stress. However, the elastic and plastic moduli of the tested marble were quite independent of the confining pressure. The relationship between axial deviatoric stress and plastic deformation of marble can be described well by the interface model. The peak strength of marble under higher stress increases with the confining pressure, which can be better described in accordance with the Mohr–Coulomb criterion. And then, in accordance with the experimental results of marble creep under triaxial cyclic loading, the instant elastic and plastic strains, and the visco-elastic and visco-plastic strains were all separated successfully, which provided a better foundation for constructing a visco-elasto-plastic creep model of rock. The creep strain rate of marble under different deviatoric stresses is analyzed, which shows that the steady-state creep rate of marble increases nonlinearly with the increase of axial deviatoric stress. In the end, the creep mechanical behavior of marble under cyclic loading is theoretically analyzed using the creep model. The results show that Burgers creep model can describe the creep behavior of marble under the loading condition satisfactorily but is inadequate to describe the creep behavior of marble under the unloading condition. Therefore, by adopting the fundamental hypothesis of visco-plastic mechanics, a visco-elasto-plastic creep model of rock material is constructed, which can describe the unloading creep behavior of marble better than Burgers creep model. The creep model curve agrees very well with the experimental results, which verifies the proposed visco-elasto-plastic creep model.

Based on the uniaxial compression test,the physical and mechanical properties of joint sandstone under different high temperatures were studied. The scope included the variation of a series of stress-strain curve,peak stress, peak strain and elastic modulus with temperature changing. Meanwhile,using the acoustic emission instrument,the distributional feature of acoustic emission was monitored in the process of rock compression in order to discuss the effect on the mechanism of deformation and failure of joint sandstones under different temperatures. The influence of temperature on joint sandstone properties is various. When temperature is low,the enhancement effect of joint sandstone properties is greater than the weakening effect; And when the temperature is higher,the result is on the contrary. 400 ℃ is the temperature threshold value in the test. Before and after it,the peak stress,peak strain and elastic modulus show a different trend. The crack is mainly distributed in the joint nearby after high temperature,and the crack also mainly along the joint after uniaxial compression. The failure mode of the sandstone has transferred from brittle failure to ductile failure when heated.

基于大理岩在常温至高温800℃后的力学试验结果,分析了高温后大理岩峰值强度、峰值应变、弹性模量、变形模量以及应力-应变全过程曲线等随温度的变化规律,同时采用岩石声发射仪与扫描电镜试验仪,对高温后大理岩破坏规律进行了探讨.结果表明:高温后大理岩试样高度和直径将变大,质量和密度减小,但在200℃时变化不明显;在常温至高温200℃后,大理岩的力学性质变化不大;高温400℃～800℃,大理岩峰值强度、弹性模量和变形模量随着温度的升高而减小,而峰值应变则变大,并且随着温度的升高,变化越明显;声发射试验得到的振铃计数与应力-时间曲线具有较好地对应关系,充分反映了岩石在不同阶段内的破裂演化规律;温度对大理岩的破坏规律有着显著影响,温度升高使大理岩由脆性破坏向延性破坏的方向发展.

为了准确描述不同轴压下岩石流变过程中的瞬时应变变化规律,提出一种用于描述岩石流变试验中瞬时塑性应变变化规律的裂隙塑性元件,将该元件与传统Burgers模型相结合组成改进的Burgers模型,给出了模型加卸载流变方程,对该模型的蠕变特性进行了分析.对莒山矿粉砂岩进行瞬时三轴压缩试验,得到试样在不同围压下全应力-应变曲线,给出了围压与峰值强度的线性关系,对粉砂岩试样进行多级增量循环加卸载流变试验,对试验数据进行辨识和分析,结果表明:瞬时塑性应变在模型参数辨识过程中不能忽略.使用改进的Burgers模型对不同应力水平条件下粉砂岩加卸载流变试验结果进行了拟合,效果较为理想,同时与传统Burgers模型对试验数据的拟合效果进行比较,验证了改进模型的正确性和合理性.

In this paper, the technology of wave process method for sedimentation is first adopted in the research of the foreland thrust fault of Micang Mountain with respect of oil and reservoir’s formation and tectonic and sedimentary evolution. From the fluctuation characteristics, we could make conclusions in the foreland thrust belt of Micang Mountain that, there existed 2 first-order sedimentary cycles (220 Ma), corresponding to Caledonian-Hercynian and Indo-Chinese-Yanshan-Himalayan tectonic cycles respectively; there existed 4 second-order sedimentary cycles (10 Ma), corresponding to two sedimentation peak period and two denudation peak periods in research zone; there existed 12 third-order sedimentary cycles (35 Ma) and 21 fourth-sedimentary cycles (20 Ma). These 33 cycles in the research zone corresponded to the sedimentation-denudation process in different periods, furthermore, their fluctuation characteristics bore the genetic relationship with the development law of source, reservoir and cap rocks: the source rock had the tendency to develop at the turning part between wave crest and wave trough, or at the superposition of wave turning part in different periods, presenting like “X”; most reservoir rocks developed at the place of wave peak; the development of cap rock was located in the wave trough on the right of sedimentation-denudation datum line. As a result, through the application of wave process method for sedimentation, we could rediscover the understanding of the tectonic and sedimentary evolution from another prospective, meanwhile, it enables to make prediction about the development rule of source, reservoir and cap rocks, which means a significant importance to the research of oil and reservoir’s forming condition.

首次将沉积波动过程分析这一新技术方法应用于米仓山前陆冲断带的构造沉积演化和油气成藏条件研究中,通过对研究区内典型井和露头剖面的波动特征分析,得出米仓山前陆冲断带存在有2个一级沉积波动周期(220Ma),其分别与加里东-海西和印支-燕山-喜马拉雅两个构造旋回相对应;4个二级沉积波动周期(100Ma),其与研究区两个沉积高峰期和两个剥蚀高峰期相对应;12个三级沉积波动(35Ma)和21个四级沉积波动周期(20Ma),它们与研究区不同时期沉积—剥蚀过程相对应.研究还发现35Ma周期和20Ma周期的波动曲线特征与生油层、储集层和盖层发育规律具有成因联系:生油层一般发育在"波峰"与"波谷"之间的转折部位,或是不同波动周期的波动曲线转折部位的叠加,呈现"X"型;储集层多发育在波动特征曲线的"波峰"部位;盖层多发育在波动特征曲线位于沉积-剥蚀基准线右侧的"波谷"部位.因此,应用沉积波动过程分析这一新技术方法,即可以从成因角度重新认识研究区构造沉积演化过程,同时可以预测生储盖层的发育规律,对成藏条件研究具有重要的意义.

In this paper,taking the Permian stratum of the north Sichuan Basin as an example,combining the analysis method of sequence stratigraphy with the analysis method of wave processes,the quantized method that studies the imperfection of sedimentary record by using the analysis method of wave processes has been put forward.This method can describe quantificationally heave motion accurately during the course of basin evolution and can renew the course of sediment-denude without record in stratum and then analyse quantificationally the course of sediment-denude,calculate the erosion amount of discontinuity,and understand their distribution law of space-time.At the same time,a set of basal and important figures have been worked out,for example,the space distribution diagram of main unconformity,the contour diagram showing denuded amount,the contour diagram showing original ply,the denuded amount distribution diagram of structures of in different epoch.All of these figures are based on many actual drilled wells and the analysis of wave processes of manmade wells and the interpretation of seismic sections.The above analysis gives the basis of further study of basin systemic analysis and basin simulation,and also can specify the variety law of reservoir bed,centre of sedimentation,capping bed,source bed in space-time combined with the study of sedimentary facies and the analysis of tectonic style.The heave wave process of sedimentary basin directly influences buried history,heat history,create and blowout hydrocarbon history of basin.So,the analysis of wave processes can not only correctly set up the geological model of basin evolution,but also correctly recognize the law of the form and distribution of hydrocarbon,then instruct the exploration of oil gas effectively.

The main concept, development, theory, working methods and applications of wave process in sedimentary basins are concerned. Based on the wave theory, the wave processes in northeastern Sichuan basin are analyzed. Through partitioning of wave unites, establishing of stratum frame, resuming of original sedimentary thickness and calculating of sedimentary velocity, the wave process equations that can indicate sediment-erosion process are set up. Applying the equations, we can also analyze the main cyclic evolution, summarize the transferred rule of a depocenter, recognize planes of unconformity, calculate amount of erosion, subdivide accumulation cyclothems, and define wave transform zone. This method will have a good applied foreground in marine strata in southern China.