本文对3个矿区的煤层底板破坏高度进行超声波监测,分析煤层开采过程中造成的底板扰动破坏深度和范围的规律,总结工作面参数、岩性组合、构造裂隙和隔水层厚度等相关因素对底板扰动破坏的影响,得出控制底板采掘破坏程度的各项指标是彼此联系、彼此制约的.隔水层厚度、岩层岩性、互层规律等因子是影响底板破坏深度的重要指标.

We analyzed the abundance and connectivity of Cambrian limestone aquifers (CL) using data from geological and hydrogeological boreholes, groundwater tracer tests, groundwater temperature monitoring, and surface transient electromagnetic exploration (TEM). Our results demonstrate that extremely well-developed small faults with an average density of number 73 per square km control the groundwater abundance and flow of the CL. The hydraulic conductivity of the CL aquifers estimated by tracer tests lies between 13,511 and 38,738 m/d, suggesting good connectivity. The surface TEM result of 4.91 km2 shows that areas with an apparent resistivity value less than 30 Ωm can be treated as an anomalous low-resistivity zone. This has been proven to be reliable by experience at the working face and can be used to determine water control measures for future mining. Using these data, we developed a series of preventive measures to mitigate potential floor water ingress related to future mining in the eastern area of the Pingdingshan coalfield No. 2 mine.

以平顶山十三矿己四采区底板灰岩的突水危险性评价为例,将熵权法(EW)和模糊层次分析法(FAHP)耦合在一起,确定了突水影响因素的权重,并建立了突水危险性评价模型.结果显示:十三矿己四采区二1煤底板标高-150 ～-350 m区域,不受底板灰岩水的影响,属于安全区;标高-350～-700 m且不受断层影响的区域属于较安全区;标高-700 m以下及标高-350～-700 m且受断层影响的区域属于突水危险区.在前期突水资料少和数据量有限的条件下,EW-FAHP法能够较为客观地确定突水影响因素权重.

Dissolved organic matter (DOM) plays an important role in the chemical evolution of groundwater. Thus, in order to understand the composition and characteristics of DOM in groundwater, analyzed 31geothermal water samples from five aquifers (i.e., between 600 m and 1600 m) in the city of Kaifeng were analyzed and the results were compared in order to clarify their spatial distribution, characteristics, sources, and environmental influences. Results show that as the depth of a thermal reservoir increases, the ultraviolet absorption (UV254) of geothermal water does not change significantly, the concentration of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) gradually increases with depth, and the fluorescence intensity of DOM remains weak. Some differences are also evident with regard to the location and intensity of geothermal water sample DOM fluorescence peaks depending on thermal reservoir. The results of this study show that the main source of DOM in geothermal water is endogenous, derived from high stability organic matter derived from sedimentary processes and associated microbial activity. Within the three geothermal reservoir depth ranges, 600 m to 800 m, 800 m to 1000 m, and 1000 m to 1200 m, DOM components were mainly protein-like as well as soluble microbial metabolites. However, at deeper depths, within the 1200 m to 1400 m and 1400 m to 1600 m thermal reservoirs, the proportion of protein-like components in DOM decreased, while the ratio fulvic-like and humic-like components increased, leading to changes in the positions of fluorescence peaks. Finally, our results demonstrate a close relationship between the intensity of fluorescence peaks, suggesting that a number of fluorescent components may share a common source.

In orter to exactly predict risk the of water inrush on coal floor,using five figures and double coefficients method,based on data from the No.8 coal mine of Pingmei,the risk of the Cambrian limestone water inrush on 21 coal floor was forecasted and assessed.By analyzing the relationship between the impermeable layer and the water pressure,the pressure coefficient and water inrush coefficient were gotten.Then contour maps of hydraulic pressure on coal floor,thickness of effective water-resisting layer,water inrush coefficient and the partition map of water inrush risk were drawn by using Surfer software.The result showed that the water inrush risk of the mining area in the northwest and northeast was relatively larger than the others,but the area was relatively smaller.There are two small areas in the south and central,which belong to the level of basic safety.The rest of mining area belongs to the level of small water inrush risk.Overall,the Cambrian limestone water inrush risk on 21 coal floor of No.8 coal mine in Pingmei is relatively small.

为查明平顶山煤田二矿和吴寨矿寒武系灰岩地下水集中径流带赋存情况,在探明矿区地质断层发育特征的基础上,采用井下连通试验研究了地下水集中径流带的展布及成因和控水作用.研究结果表明:二矿和吴寨矿寒武系灰岩地下水流速达3 320.05 m/d,含水层渗透系数达36 911.11 m/d,证明了地下水集中径流带的存在;二矿逆断层及两侧断层破碎裂隙带的存在,是影响寒武系灰岩含水层集中径流带空间展布的关键因素;集中径流带总体上控制着寒武系灰岩地下水由西南向东北流动、自浅向深的运移.寒武系灰岩地下水集中径流带展布特征的确定,为类似条件煤层底板水害的防治奠定了基础.

Depressurization by dewatering is one of the most commen methods to mitigate water hazard from aquifers un-der seam floor. For the characteristics of Cambrian limestone water high-pressure, groundwater high-temperature and water-rich heterogeneous distributions in 2-1 coal floor of Pingmei No.8 Mine, based on complex detective information from geological structure, confining bed, aquifer, hydro-dynamic field, hydro-temperature field, hydro-chemical tem-perature scale, transient electromagnetic method and DC electrical method, distribution law and geothermal water depth of Cambrian limestone aquifer are discussed and anomaly areas with rich water are delimited. Combined calcu-lated-radius of influence in drainage and decreasing pressure of aquifer, 7 wells with depth of 150 m in this aquifer are arranged in coal floor of west main roadway, the total water yield of these drainage wells amount to 300 m3/h,and the measure causes that water level of Cambrian limestone are lowered by 17.2 m during 277 days, and that atmosphere temperature also dropped 2℃in west main roadway. 50℃geothermal water can be used comprehensively after lifting to surface.

In North China coal basin, there is an accident: the water which comes from Ordovician system aquifer (O 2 ) discharges into underground coal mines. The coal mining operations would be seriously threatened by this kind of accident. In order to solve this problem, the characteristics of various exploration methods have been discussed. A comprehensive approach involving hydrogeological analysis, geophysical prospecting, hydrogeological drilling, and hydrogeological field test was proposed to explore the groundwater recharge channel. A typical North China coal mine, Siwan coal mine, was taken as an example. The groundwater recharge channel on F 8 fault was precisely explored and plugged. After the curtain grouting, the water discharge rate per unit of drawdown was dropped from 12.0 to 7.0 m 3 /(h m), and the water yield in coal mine was reduced by 600 m 3 /h. A much safer condition can be provided for Siwan coal mine, avoiding the waste of water resource.