Since software development is in constant evolution, it presents new facets and emerging topics. For example, the integration of qualitative data analysis through Grounded Theory establishes a new approach to categorizing this discipline, allowing it to align with these new contributions. The present work applies an original Glaserian Systematic Mapping Study (GSMS) to explore new ways of categorizing software development using Grounded Theory (GT) and GT elements. The study provides insights from the perspective of human beings, including their trust and doubts, and their attitudes towards work teams. The categorization covers many aspects of software development. One of these relates to Agile development, which has been defined in two pairs: Agile/Non-Agile and Agile/Plan-driven. Although this may seem obvious, this categorization had not been defined in this way before. Data, in all its diversity, accompanies the software development process throughout its entire lifecycle. Another finding of the present work is the concept of bridges, which correspond to the diverse interrelationships within software development. Grounded Theory in the context of software development has enabled the creation of various types of bridges. These bridges could be established between individuals within the same development team, between different areas of software development, or between developers and their tools and artifacts, among others. These findings can be highly diverse and can help software engineers unlock their potential and explore various options in software development.

Grounded theory (GT) has been extensively used in social studies through surveys and interviews. However, its application in software development has not been appropriately categorized, limiting its in-depth study in this field. Additionally, the qualitative analysis provided by GT is in increasing demand in software engineering, presenting a significant opportunity to further investigate this topic. This article discusses the identification and analysis of key GT elements beyond traditional data sources, such as research results, engineering artifacts, and written documents, and introduces the role of basic coding, master core category, and the theory emerging, thus showing a way to present the results of GT studies in software development. The study provides valuable insights for researchers and practitioners interested in applying GT in software development. The article also explores the crucial role of constant comparison until saturation and the challenges it presents. Additionally, the integration of Glaserian grounded theory (GGT) with systematic mapping study (SMS) is examined, resulting in a novel approach called Glaserian systematic mapping study (GSMS), which defines saturation through three equations, providing a set of components that satisfactorily categorize GT in software development. This article discusses the identification and analysis of key grounded theory (GT) elements beyond traditional data sources in the context of software development.

The growth of the Internet of Things (IoT) has accelerated digital transformation processes in organizations and cities. However, it has also opened new security challenges due to the complexity and dynamism of these systems. The application of security risk analysis methodologies used to evaluate information technology (IT) systems have their limitations to qualitatively assess the security risks in IoT systems, due to the lack of historical data and the dynamic behavior of the solutions based on the IoT. The objective of this study is to propose a methodology for developing a security risk analysis using scenarios based on the risk factors of IoT devices. In order to manage the uncertainty due to the dynamics of IoT behaviors, we propose the use of Bayesian networks in conjunction with the Best Worst Method (BWM) for multi-criteria decision-making to obtain a quantitative security risk value.

Cognitive security is the interception between cognitive science and artificial intelligence techniques used to protect institutions against cyberattacks. However, this field has not been addressed deeply in research. This study aims to define a Cognitive Cybersecurity Model by exploring fundamental concepts for applying cognitive sciences in cybersecurity. For achieving this, we developed exploratory research based on two steps: (1) a text mining process to identify main interest areas of research in the cybersecurity field and (2) a valuable review of the papers chosen in a systematic literature review that was carried out using PRISMA methodology. The model we propose tries to fill the gap in automatizing cognitive science without taking into account the users’ learning processes. Its definition is supported by the main findings of the literature review, as it leads to more in-depth future studies in this area.

Education is the most critical aspect against inequality. So, the accessibility to educational centers is one of the biggest problems that governments and academia are trying to solve in Latin America. Finding an optimal location is challenging because different variables can be considered, such as serving the poor, accessing to roads, and optimal distribution. This work presents a methodology that uses geospatial techniques to evaluate the level of access of poor people to educational centers considering location and accessibility. This methodology is multi factorial and can be generalized to multiple scenarios in resource planning. In this work, a case study of Ecuadorian educational centers is analyzed. So, an Ecuadorian geospatial database was created that includes educational centers' location, the distribution of the poor population, Voronoi diagrams, and road networks. All the analysis were carried out using the PostGIS tool and Google Cloud Platform for the implementation. The results show that 90% of educational centers serve at least 50% of the most impoverished population.

This research arises as an answer to the limited classification capability that reaches the vast majority of selected articles within a Systematic Mapping Study (SMS) when studying the Grounded Theory (GT) in Software Development. The result of our research is Glaserian Systematic Mapping Study (GSMS). It is a methodology that combines SMS and Glaserian Grounded Theory (GGT), which is one of the two variants of the GT. Combining the robustness and sequential process of SMS with GGT and its iterative features, GSMS provides a more robust, flexible, iterative, and scalable methodology. SMS and GGT share two main activities, data collection and data analysis. However, they are conducted differently. The resulted integration takes advantage of this fact and maps both related activities and outcomes to produce a more robust and systematic methodology. In addition, our research formalizes equations to represent the typical data saturation of qualitative methods such as GGT. With GSMS, we were able to classify more articles than with SMS alone.

Currently, there are many ways that phishing attacks placed people and businesses at risk. In the economic causes losses the money; in the social aspect, the perception of trust in users decreases; and on the psychological level, fear can avoid the use of digital tools and resources. This study aims to increase efficiency in detecting Phishing attacks using Natural Language Processing (NLP) to explore the mental model people use to detect whether an email is legitimate or not. Specifically, it is based on feedback vectorization and the movement of the mouse, which was obtained when the participants interacted in a test to detect phishing. The results obtained allow us to identify that people based their decision on the URL analysis in the mental model of legitimation and phishing decision. However, in the phishing model, the number of characteristics in each indicator would be more diverse and broader, which produces new challenges and future directions in this solution.

One of the most influence parameters in poverty is the poor quality of education. The systematic study of poverty is essential to improve the implementation of plans and projects. Since 2005, Ecuador began the ’Project to improve education conditions, schooling access and coverage of education’ on high poverty areas through the National Government Educacion2016. This study performs a Spatial Analysis of the above governmental project of Ecuador by 111 LA GRANJA: Revista de Ciencias de la Vida 30(2) 2019:111-121. c ©2019, Universidad Politécnica Salesiana, Ecuador. Scientific paper / Artículo científico SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT Navas, G.E., Llerena Paz, R. and Vaca, F. the use of free software. This analysis is based in the existence of public educational institutions called ’Millennium Educational Units’, whose purpose is to improve academic quality, meet rural student demand and serve historically relegated sectors. It is sought using statistical spatial analysis techniques, supported by a robust relational database such as PostgreSQL for determining their impact area on the population by creating various types of coverage to identify the parishes and the poverty percentage that is being benefited by this educational project, managed to determine that there is a percentage between 77% and 96% of UEM, located in areas of extreme poverty.

Uno de los parámetros que más influyen en la pobreza es la mala calidad en la educación. El estudio sistemático de la pobreza es fundamental para mejorar la aplicación de planes y proyectos. En el Ecuador, a partir del año del 2005 inicia el “Proyecto para mejorar las condiciones de escolaridad, el acceso y la cobertura de la educación” en zonas de alto índice de pobreza a través del Gobierno Nacional (Ministerio de Educación, 2016). Este estudio realiza un análisis espacial de dicho proyecto gubernamental del Ecuador mediante el uso del software libre. Dicho análisis se fundamenta en la existencia de las instituciones educativas públicas denominadas “Unidades Educativas del Milenio” (UEM), cuyo fin es mejorar la calidad académica, satisfacer la demanda estudiantil rural y atender a sectores históricamente relegados, partiendo de 57 unidades educativas operativas en el año 2016 y utilizando técnicas de análisis espacial estadístico, apoyados en una base de datos relacional robusta como es el caso de PostgreSQL, con el fin de determinar cuál es su área de afectación a la población, creando varios tipos de coberturas para identificar las parroquias y el porcentaje de pobreza que es atendido por este proyecto educacional, logrando determinar que existe un 77% y el 96% de UEM, en zonas de extrema pobreza.

One of the most influence parameters in poverty is the poor quality of education. The systematic study of poverty is essential to improve the implementation of plans and projects. Since 2005, Ecuador began the 'Project to improve education conditions, schooling access and coverage of education' on high poverty areas through the National Government Educacion2016. This study performs a Spatial Analysis of the above governmental project of Ecuador by the use of free software. This analysis is based in the existence of public educational institutions called 'Millennium Educational Units', whose purpose is to improve academic quality, meet rural student demand and serve historically relegated sectors. It is sought using statistical spatial analysis techniques, supported by a robust relational database such as PostgreSQL for determining their impact area on the population by creating various types of coverage to identify the parishes and the poverty percentage that is being benefited by this educational project, managed to determine that there is a percentage between 77% and 96% of UEM, located in areas of extreme poverty.

Software architecture has become an important aspect on systems development; however, despite the fact that there are several architectures that are already popular in the computer world, they do not seem to fully meet the demands of the developer due to the fact that system requirements are becoming increasingly stringent. This paper aims to carry out a systematic mapping study that allows publicizing the different architectures used in research accomplished in Latin America. For the study, numerous articles searches were executed in different bibliographic databases from acknowledged scientific journals, where several articles were obtained and through filters a total of 10 articles were obtained with which this project was worked on. Applying the systematic mapping process, a series of analyses were carried out on the selected scientific articles that allowed a detailed study of the investigations, which led to a varied collection of data that determined the focus of the studies when applying architecture to their systems. The final results of this work show that the scientific articles analyzed are focused on proposing new architectures based on existing ones.

Con el objetivo de determinar los órdenes de las clases Insecta y Collembola, presentes en el sendero Quishuar, el 15 de septiembre de 2012, se efectuó un muestreo preliminar de los insectos y collembolos presentes en el sendero Quishuar del Área Nacional de Recreación El Boliche. Para el efecto se realizó el registro en nueve puntos de muestreo distanciados cada uno de ellos por 100 m, donde se realizaron observaciones por 10 minutos tanto en el lado derecho como en el izquierdo del sendero en un área de 1 m2. Los insectos y collembolos fueron extraídos manualmente para luego ser liberados. Los datos registrados fueron organizados y analizados en una matriz usando los programas Excel y Past versión 2.4. La georeferenciación y los puntos trazas fueron incorporados a una herramienta Gis de Software Libre, Quantum GIS (QGis), versión 1.7.4. Los resultados registraron siete órdenes de insectos y un orden no identificado de collembola en los estratos de suelo, herbáceo y arbustivo. Los órdenes con mayor frecuencia fueron: Díptera (Insecto) y un de la clase Collembola. A través de un estudio de similitudes de los puntos de muestreo, se encontró que el mayor porcentaje de similitud se presenta entre los estratos arbustivos y suelo con el 44,4 %.

In order to determine the orders of insecta and collembola classes in the Quishuar trail, the 15th September 2012, a preliminary sample collection was done in El Boliche National Reserve. For this purpose, nine sampling spots were selected with a separation distance of 100 m and an area of 1 square meter; in each spot a 10 minutes observation was performed in both sides of the spot and the number of insects and collembolos was registered. After a manual recollection insects, they were released again. Excel and Past version 2.4 packages was used to analyze the obtained data. Georeferencing was performed with a GPS garmin GPSMAP 78s and the spot position was included using the open software Quantum GIS (Qgis), a GIS software tool Version 1.7.4. The results shown 7 orders of insects and one non identified collembola order inside the soil, herbaceous and bush substrates. The orders observed with higher frequency were Diptera (insecta) and one of collembola classes. The study of similitudes of sampling spots revealed that the higher percent of similitude is observed in soil and bush substrates.

The geoportales in Ecuador are presented as an initiative for the development of the Ecuadorian Infrastructure geospatial Data - IEDG. Standards and regulations for this management in the country are aimed, and the collection of georeferenced data and its publication is still in progress, these advances and discussion are presented in this review, through the presentation of two study cases: SIGTIERRAS and the MAE, in addition to initiatives generated within academia.

Al momento, el montaje de vidrios en las fachadas de los edificios en los Estados Unidos de Norteamérica requiere una revisión previa de la su calidad, es decir que no existan ralladuras en su superficie. Ésta es efectuada por 3 ó 4 operarios especializados, y depende exclusivamente de su visión para determinar la presencia o ausencia de estas imperfecciones