Giriş-Amaç Ülseratif kolit, kolonu diffüz tutan mukozal inflamasyonla karakterize rekürren, idiyopatik ve kronik bir hastalıktır. Kolitde, oksidan/antioksidan dengenin bozulduğu gözlenmiştir. N-asetilsistein ve β-glukan ise antioksidan, anti-inflamatuvar özellikte olan maddeler olup kolitde yararlı etkilerini araştırmayı amaçladık. Materyal-Metod 220-250 gr 50 adet erkek Wistar Albino rat kullanıldı. Grup I (Kontrol):Tek doz rektal saline uygulandı, sonrası 6 gün normal besin verildi. Grup II (Kolit):Tek doz rektal asetik asit uygulandı, sonrası 6 gün normal besin verildi. Grup III (β-Glukan+Kolit):Tek doz oral 100mg/kg β-glukan verildikten 1 saat sonra rektal asetik asit uygulandı. Sonraki 6 gün oral 100/mg/kg/gün β-glukan verildi. Grup IV (N-asetilsistein+Kolit):Tek doz oral 200mg/kg N-asetilsistein verildikten 1 saat sonra rektal asetik asit uygulandı. Sonraki 6 gün oral 200mg/kg/gün N-asetilsistein verildi. Grup V (N-asetilsistein+β-glukan+Kolit): Tek doz oral 200mg/kg N-asetilsistein+100 mg/kg β-glukan verildi. 1 saat sonra rektal asetik asit uygulandı. Sonraki 6 gün oral 100 mg/kg/gün β-glukan + 200 mg/kg/gün N-asetilsistein verildi. Çalışmanın sonunda kalın barsak distal 8 cm’lik kısmı çıkarıldı. Histopatolojik ve biyokimyasal inceleme için örnekler alındı. Bulgular Tedavi alanlar da almayanlara göre MDA ve MPO düzeyleri anlamlı düşük; SOD, KAT düzeyleri ise anlamlı yüksek olduğu gözlendi. Tedavi grupları arasında, MDA ve MPO düzeylerinde anlamlı fark yoktu. Diğer antioksidan enzimler (SOD, KAT); N-asetilsistein grubuyla β-glukan grubu arasında anlamlı fark yok iken kombinasyon verilen grupta antioksidan savunma, N-asetilsistein grubundan anlamlı olarak düşük gözlendi. Histopatolojik skor ortalamaları değerlendirildiğinde kontrol ve tedavi grupları arasında istatiksel olarak anlamlı fark izlenmedi. Sonuçlar N-Asetilsistein ve β-glukan’ın kolitde faydalı olduğu izlendi. N-asetilsistein ve β-glukan ‘ın kombine verilmesinin ek bir fayda sağlamadığı gözlendi.

1Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, University of Van Yuzuncu Yil, Van,Turkey 2Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Ministry of Health Turkey, Izmir, Turkey 3Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, University o f Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam, Kahramanmaras,Turkey 4Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, University of Biruni, Istanbul, Turkey 5Department of General Surgery, University of Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam, Kahramanmaras,Turkey 6Department of General Surgery, University of Gaziosmanpasa, Tokat, Turkey 7Department of Biochemistry, University of Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam, Kahramanmaras,Turkey 8Department of Microbiology, University of Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam, Kahramanmaras, Turkey 9Department of Pathology, Special Cukurova Bilge Laboratory, Adana, Turkey 10Department of General Surgery, University of Adiyaman, Adiyaman,Turkey 11Department of Anesthesiology, University of Bozok, Yozgat, Turkey

BACKGROUND:Corticosteroids are used in the treatment of asthma. The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of anti-IgE and anti-TNF alpha as asthma treatments. METHODS:A mouse model of chronic asthma was developed. The fluticasone group was exposed to fluticasone and the anti-IgE and anti-TNF groups were administered anti-IgE or anti-TNF. IL-4, and IgE levels were measured, and histological analysis, pathological analysis and miRNA-126, miRNA-133a analyses were applied. RESULTS:The cell concentration in the BAL fluid decreased in all the treatment groups. The rate of perivascular and peribronchial cell infiltration decreased in the lung in the high-dose anti-IgE and anti-TNF groups. Smooth muscle thickness decreased in the lung tissue in the low-dose anti-IgE and anti-TNF groups. Bronchial wall thickness decreased in the lung tissue in the fluticasone+anti-IgE group. The IL-4 level in BAL fluid decreased in the high-dose anti-IgE, fluticasone+anti-IgE and anti-TNF groups. IgE levels increased in the BAL fluid in the high-dose anti-IgE and anti-TNF groups. The lymphocyte level increased in the BAL fluid in the high-dose anti-IgE group. The macrophage level decreased in the BAL fluid in the anti-TNF group. The relative expression of miRNA-126 increased in all groups. The relative expression of miRNA-133a decreased in the placebo and fluticasone groups. The relative expression of miRNA-133a increased in the low-dose anti-IgE, high-dose anti-IgE, fluticasone+anti-IgE and anti-TNF groups. CONCLUSIONS:The results showed that anti-IgE is successful as a treatment. Fluticasone+anti-IgE and anti-TNF were seen to be superior to other therapeutic modalities when used for prophylaxis.

Sclerosing pneumocytoma is a rare, benign neoplasm which may be in solid, papillary, sclerosing or hemorrhagic patterns histologically, and its papillary surfaces are covered with hyperplastic type 2 pneumocytes.It is often seen in middle-aged adults and women with no recurrence and no reported diseaserelated deaths.Herein, we present a 50-year-old female case of sclerosing pneumocytoma case who was diagnosed incidentally during acute bronchitis episode.

PURPOSE:The aim of this study was to determine whether polytetrafluoroethylene grafts or Omniflow II biosynthetic grafts are more resistant to infection caused by Staphylococcus aureus.METHODS:Sixty rats were divided into six groups. In Groups 1A, 1B and 1C, a polytetrafluoroethylene graft was implanted in each rat, and, in Groups 2A, 2B and 2C, a biosynthetic graft was implanted in each rat. Staphylococcus aureus was inoculated into Groups 1B, 1C, 2B and 2C, and the rats in Groups 1C and 2C were treated with teicoplanin. One week later, the rats were euthanized, the grafts were removed and a microbiological count was performed. A histopathological examination was subsequently carried out, and the C-reactive protein, prealbumin and leukocyte levels were investigated.RESULTS:There were no significant differences in the C-reactive protein, prealbumin and leukocyte levels. The differences in the results of the microbiological evaluations between the groups were significant. The quantitative culture results showed no bacterial growth in Groups 1A, 1C and 2A. The number of bacteria in Group 1B was statistically lower than that in Group 2B. When the groups receiving treatment were compared, Group 2C had bacterial growth, whereas Group 1C did not. The histopathological examinations showed similar results.CONCLUSIONS:Omniflow II grafts are more susceptible to infection than polytetrafluoroethylene grafts.

OBJECTIVE:Our aim was to evaluate the histopathological effects of tissue adhesives on peripheral nerve regeneration after experimental sciatic nerve transection in rats and to search whether these tissue adhesives may possess a therapeutic potential in peripheral nerve injuries.METHODS:This experimental study was performed using 42 female Wistar-Albino rats distributed in 6 groups subsequent to transection of right sciatic nerves. Group I underwent external circumferential neurolysis; Group II received suture repair; Group III had local polymeric hydrogel based tissue adhesive administration; Group IV received suture repair and polymeric hydrogel based tissue adhesive application together; Group V had gelatin based tissue adhesive application and Group VI had suture repair and gelatin based tissue adhesive together. After a 6-week follow-up period, biopsies were obtained from site of neural injury and groups were compared with respect to histopathological scoring based on inflammatory, degenerative, necrotic and fibrotic changes.RESULTS:There were remarkable differences between control group and study groups with respect to inflammation (p=0.001), degeneration (p=0.002), necrosis (p=0.007), fibrosis (p<0.001) and vascularity (p=0.001). Histopathological scores were similar between study groups and the only noteworthy difference was that Group V displayed a lower score for necrosis and higher score in terms of vascularization.CONCLUSION:Our results imply that tissue adhesives can be useful in repair of peripheral nerve injuries by decreasing the surgical trauma and shortening the duration of intervention. Results with gelatin based tissue adhesive are especially promising since more intense vascularity was observed in tissue after application. However, trials on larger series with longer durations of follow-up are essential for reaching more reliable conclusions.

Objectives:The aims of this study were to describe the histopathological findings of placenta creta samples obtained over a six year period and to report the obstetric conditions related to the histopathologic findings.Materials and Methods: Pathology records from gravid hysterectomies performed due to placenta creta from 2006 to 2012 were reviewed.We evaluated the decidual layer, percent of multinucleation, and depth of invasion of Interstitial Trophoblasts (ITs) at the implantation site.Spiral arteries were also assessed to determine the degree of remodeling.Results: During the study period, 20 cases of placenta creta occurred: 3 (15%) were placenta accreta, 7 (35%) were placenta increta, and 10 (50%) were placenta percreta.In 25% of cases, vessels had no remodeling at all, whereas 45% had partially remodeled vessels, and 30% completely remodeled vessels.The proportion of incomplete or complete physiological changes in the vascular wall did not significantly differ between the different subtypes of creta (P=0.68).Depth of IT invasion varied significantly between the groups (accreta 1.30±0.17mm, increta 3.56±1.12mm, and percreta 2.00±1.31mm, P=0.011).The number of multinucleated trophoblasts in the placenta accreta and increta were higher than those in placenta percreta cases.A history of Cesarean Section (CS) was present in 80% of the patients.All cases with placenta percreta (N=10) had undergone more than two previous CSs.Placenta previa was identified in four cases (20%).Conclusion: Uterine damage caused by CSs results in poor decidualization, abnormal trophoblastic invasion, incomplete vascular remodeling, fewer multinuclei trophoblasts and deep infiltrative pathology.

Background:The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of linezolid, teicoplanin, and vancomycin in prevention of prosthetic vascular graft infections in a vascular graft infection model. Material/Methods:Fifty rats were divided into 5 groups.A polytetrafluoroethylene graft was implanted on the back of each rat.Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strain was inoculated into all rats except Group 1. Group 2 was not given any treatment, Group 3 received linezolid, Group 4 received vancomycin, and Group 5 received teicoplanin.The grafts were removed for microbiological and histological examinations on the 7 th day.In addition, C-reactive protein and prealbumin levels and leukocyte counts in obtained blood specimens were determined. Results:Group 1 did not have infection.Group 2 had bacteria 5.7×10 4 CFU/cm 2 .Group 3 and Group 4 had less bacterial growth.Group 5 had no bacterial growth.The number of bacteria was significantly higher in Group 2 than in the other experimental groups and the control group (p<0.001).Although there was no bacterial growth in Group 5, it did not significantly differ from Group 3 and Group 4. Group 2 had a significantly higher CRP level and leukocyte count and a significantly lower prealbumin level than the other groups. Conclusions:Linezolid, teicoplanin, and vancomycin are effective in prevention of prosthetic vascular graft infections.

Background: We aimed to create a new and less invasive experimental corrosive oesophageal burn model using a catheter without a gastric puncture (gastrotomy). Materials and Methods: We conducted the study with two groups composed of 8 male rats. The experimental oesophageal burn was established by the application of 10% sodium hydroxide to the distal oesophagus under a pressure of 20 cmH 2 O, via 5-F double-lumen central venous catheter without a gastrotomy. The control group was given 0.9% sodium chloride. All rats were killed 24 h after administration of NaOH or 0.9% NaCl. Histologic damage to oesophageal tissue was scored by a single pathologist blind to groups. Results: The rats in the control group were observed to have no pathological changes. Corrosive oesophagitis (tissue congestion, oedema, inflammation, ulcer and necrosis) was observed in rats exposed to NaOH. Conclusion: We believe that an experimental corrosive oesophageal burn can safely be created under same hydrostatic pressure without a gastric puncture using this model.

BACKGROUND:The present objective was to investigate endogen erythropoietin (EPO) level and relationship to oxidative stress within the first 24 hours of blunt chest trauma-induced pulmo-nary contusion (PCn) in a rat model.METHODS:Thirty-five rats were divided into 3 groups. In the baseline control group (BC, n=7), rats were uninjured and untreated. In the positive control group (PC, n=21) rats were injured but untreated. In the EPO-24 group (n=7), rats were injured and a single dose of intra-peritoneal EPO (5000 IU/kg) was administered immediately after lung injury. The PC group was divided into 3 subgroups: PC-6 (n=7), PC-12 (n=7), and PC-24 (n=7). The BC group was subjected to thoracotomy, and the right lung was harvested. The PC subgroups were eu-thanized at 6, 12, and 24 hours after injury, respectively. The EPO-24 group was euthanized at the 24th hour after injury. Lung samples were obtained, levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and EPO were analyzed, and activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were then measured in homogenized lung tissue samples. Histologic damage to lung tissue in the BC group, the EPO-24 group, and PC subgroup euthanized at the 24th hour after injury were scored by a single pathologist blinded to group assignation.RESULTS:Mean MDA levels, as well as SOD and CAT activities, of the BC and EPO-24 groups were significantly lower than those of the PC group (p<0.005). Mean EPO concentra-tion of the PC group was significantly higher than that of the BC group (p<0.005). Lung tis-sue damage scores measured at 24 hours after injury were significantly lower in the EPO-24 group than in the PC group (p<0.005).CONCLUSION:In the present PCn rat model, EPO concentrations, as well as SOD and CAT levels, were high in lung tissue, when measured at 24 hours after PCn. When administered early after chest trauma, EPO significantly attenuated oxidative damage and tissue damage in the early phase, as assessed by biochemical markers and histologic scoring.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of ovarian torsion on plasma high-sensitivity C reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels and to determine whether hs-CRP levels were a useful adjunct that could be used in the diagnosis of ovarian torsion. MATERIALS AND METHODS:Sixteen nulligravid 4-month-old female Wistar albino rats were randomly and equally allocated into two groups. Control group, sham operation (n = 8) group, and study group, ovarian torsion (n = 8) group. Ovarian torsion model was created using titanium vascular clips and vascular clips were kept for a 2-h period. Right ovaries were surgically removed at the end of the procedure in each group. Blood was sampled before and after operation to assess plasma hs-CRP levels. Ovarian histopathologic findings scores and plasma hs-CRP levels were evaluated. RESULTS:In study group, the mean plasma hs-CRP level was significantly higher than that in the control group. (0.91 ± 0.18 vs. 0.39 ± 0.06 mg/l, respectively, p < 0.001), following 2 h of ovarian torsion. Histologic examinations of the right ovary confirmed the torsion model. Histologic score of the specimens had higher scores for follicular cell degeneration (p = 0.002), vascular congestion (p = 0.002), inflammatory cell infiltration (p = 0.003), and hemorrhage (p < 0.001) in the study group. For the change in the plasma hs-CRP value for a cut-off value of >0.275 mg/l, sensitivity and specificity were calculated as 100 %. CONCLUSION:The measurement of hs-CRP in a rat model seems to be a valuable plasma marker in early detection and diagnosis of ovarian torsion. However, further clinical and experimental studies of a larger size are required.

AIM To evaluate the protective effects on kidney tissue of frequently used intravenous anesthetics (ketamine, propofol, thiopental, and fentanyl) in rats with obstructive jaundice. METHODS There is an increased incidence of postoperative acute renal failure in patients with obstructive jaundice. Thirty-two Wistar-albino rats were randomly divided into four equal groups. Laparatomy was performed on each animal in the four groups and common bile ducts were ligated and severed on day 0. After 7 d, laparotomy was again performed using ketamine, propofol, thiopental, or fentanyl anesthesia whose antioxidative properties are well known in oxidative stress in a rat liver model of obstructive jaundice. After 2 h, the rats were sacrificed. Renal tissue specimens were analyzed for catalase, superoxide dismutase and malondialdehyde enzymes activities. All values are expressed as the mean ± SD. P values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. RESULTS All animals survived without complications until the end of the study. Enlargement in the bile duct and obstructive jaundice were observed in all rats. Catalase was found to be significantly lower in the fentanyl group than in the ketamine (P = 0.039), propofol (P = 0.012), and thiopental (P = 0.001) groups. Superoxide dismutase activities were similar in all groups (P > 0.05). Malondialdehyde was found to be significantly lower in the ketamine group than in the propofol (P = 0.028), thiopental (P = 0.002) and fentanyl (P = 0.005) groups. Malondialdehyde was also lower in the fentanyl group than in the thiopental group (P = 0.001). The results showed that obstructive jaundice sensitizes renal tissue to damage under the different anesthetics. CONCLUSION Among the agents tested, ketamine and propofol generated the least amount of oxidative stres on renal tissues in this rat model of obstructive jaundice created by common bile duct ligation. The importance of free radical injury in renal tissue in obstructive jaundice under different intravenous anesthetics during hepatobiliary and liver transplant surgery should be considered for prevention of postoperative acute renal failure.

In this case report, we present a female patient with neutrophilic dermatosis (ND) occurring as palpable purpura after using montelukast. Neutrophilic dermatoses (NDs) are characterized by skin lesions in which mature neutrophils are predominantly located in the epidermis and dermis in the absence of any infective pathology. Classification of the NDs is based upon the recognition of clinical and pathologic features, as well as the identification of associated diseases, like Sweet's syndrome, pyoderma gangrenosum, generalized pustular psoriasis, and Behçet's disease. Cutaneous findings in NDs are variable and can include vesiculopustules, plaques, nodules, or ulcerations. Drug-induced NDs are not uncommon, but ND with palpable purpura is uncommon. The current patient appeared with a rare presentation as palpable purpura without vasculitis regarding ND. It is important that this is the first case report.

Morphea is a localized form of scleroderma which is characterized by sclerotic plaques, limited to the skin. Although its cause is unknown, various (genetic, infectious and autoimmune) mechanisms have been suggested. It is more common among children and young women. Although clinical outcome is good, sometimes it can be prominent. Morphea have five subtypes, which are known as plaque, generalized, bullous, deep and linear forms. Zosteriform morphea is a recently described pattern and it is rarely observed. A six years old female, was admitted with multiple brown and white asymptomatic plaques arranged in a zosteriform pattern, confined to the right back since two months, without history of herpes zoster at the same location. We aimed to report the first pediatric case of morphea with zosteriform pattern in the absence of herpes zoster history.

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the accuracy of imprint cytology of core needle biopsy specimens in the diagnosis of prostate cancer.METHODS:Between December 24, 2011 and May 9, 2013, patients with an abnormal DRE and/or serum PSA level of >2.5 ng/mL underwent transrectal prostate needle biopsy. Samples with positive imprint cytology but negative initial histologic exam underwent repeat sectioning and histological examination.RESULTS:1,262 transrectal prostate needle biopsy specimens were evaluated from 100 patients. Malignant imprint cytology was found in 236 specimens (18.7%), 197 (15.6%) of which were confirmed by histologic examination, giving an initial 3.1% (n = 39) rate of discrepant results by imprint cytology. Upon repeat sectioning and histologic examination of these 39 biopsy samples, 14 (1.1% of the original specimens) were then diagnosed as malignant, 3 (0.2%) as atypical small acinar proliferation (ASAP), and 5 (0.4%) as high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN). Overall, 964 (76.4%) specimens were negative for malignancy by imprint cytology. Seven (0.6%) specimens were benign by cytology but malignant cells were found on histological evaluation. On imprint cytology examination, nonmalignant but abnormal findings were seen in 62 specimens (4.9%). These were all due to benign processes. After reexamination, the accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, false-positive rate, false-negative rate of imprint preparations were 98.1, 96.9, 98.4, 92.8, 99.3, 1.6, 3.1%, respectively.CONCLUSION:Imprint cytology is valuable tool for evaluating TRUS-guided core needle biopsy specimens from the prostate. Use of imprint cytology in combination with histopathology increases diagnostic accuracy when compared with histopathologic assessment alone.