Six yearling sheep were inoculated intraperitoneally with peripheral blood from two sheep infected with the bovine immunodeficiency-like virus (BIV) strain R29. An additional five sheep served as sham-inoculated controls. Of the six sheep given BIV, five seroconverted, one of them remaining seropositive for the duration of the study. The polymerase chain reaction demonstrated BIV provirus in three of the five serologically positive animals. At necropsy, 1 year after inoculation, histological changes were found only in the lymphoid tissues. In sheep exposed to BIV, mild though significant increases were seen in the (1) number of splenic periarteriolar lymphoid sheaths, (2) number of secondary follicles in hilar and prescapular or popliteal lymph nodes, and (3) medullary sinus cellularity in prescapular and popliteal lymph nodes.

Bovine immunodeficiency-like virus (BIV) was passagedin vivo by intraperitoneal transfusion of ovine whole blood. Prior to transfusion, the recipient sheep were given sodium thioglycolate intraperitoneally to induce mild non-suppurative inflammation. The anti-BIV antibody response, haematology, and peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets (B, γδ, CD2+, CD4+ and CD8+) of recipient sheep were assessed for one year following transfusion. Passaging was successful since serum anti-BIV antibody responses were detected in 5 of the 6 recipient sheep; 1 of the 5 remained seropositive throughout the study. Lentivirus was not isolated from the recipient sheep, but provirus was detected by the polymerase chain reaction in DNA from peripheral blood leukocytes in 3 of the 5 sheep that seroconverted. In the BIV-inoculated sheep, neutrophils and eosinophils were significantly increased (p⩽0.05) at 3 months and between 6 and 8 months postinoculation, respectively. B, CD2+ and CD4+ cells and the CD4+/CD8+ ratios were significantly increased (p⩽0.05) 2 months postinoculation. Mild, transient haematological changes occurred in BIV-exposed sheep, but illness was not detected in the year.

Six sheep were transfused intraperitoneally with whole blood from two sheep chronically infected with the bovine immunodeficiency-like virus (BIV). Five sheep were transfused intraperitoneally (i.p.) with normal ovine whole blood and served as controls. Five of six BIV-inoculated sheep seroconverted; four were transiently seropositive while one remained seropositive for the duration of the experiment. Tests for nonspecific lymphocyte reactivity to mitogens were performed monthly for one year. At approximately 10 months postinoculation, all sheep were immunized with chicken ovalbumin, canine red blood cells, and tuberculin. There were no significant associations between BIV exposure and deficits in antibody production to chicken ovalbumin and canine red blood cells; nonspecific lymphoproliferative responses to concanavalin-A, lipopolysaccharide, and pokeweed mitogen; specific lymphoproliferative responses to ovalbumin and tuberculin purified protein derivative; or cutaneous delayed type hypersensitivity to tuberculin purified protein derivative. Exposure to BIV did not alter the humoral or cell mediated immune responses of sheep in the first year of exposure.

The initial reaction of (−)-umbellulone ( 1 ) with N-bromosuccinimide in water and in methanol, N-chlorosuccinimide in water, and hydrogen chloride, hydrogen bromide and bromine in carbon tetrachloride is an electrophilic addition to the CC double bond followed by attack of a nucleophile at C-4 leading in general to a mixture of two compounds, epimeric at C-4. These compounds are thermally unstable and could not be separated. Structural and configurational assignments were made on the basis of the IR and NMR spectra and the decomposition products of the mixtures. Chlorine also reacts with (−)-umbellulone ( 1 ) in carbon tetrachloride, but the configuration of the single product, a 3,4-dichloro-dihydroumbellulone, could not be deduced from its spectral properties. The compounds with an OH or a MeO group or a Cl atom at C-4 easily lose the elements of water, methanol or hydrogen chloride to form the respective bicyclo[3.1.0]hex-3-en-2-one, (−)-umbellulone ( 1 ), (−)-α-bromoumbellulone ( 2 ) or (−)-α-chloroumbellulone ( 12 ). When a Br atom is situated at C-4, deep-seated rearrangements occur at room temperature which on heating finally lead to 2-cyclopenten-1-ones, separated by distillation of the respective reaction mixtures. Mechanisms for these rearrangements were suggested by examination of the NMR spectra of the respective hydrobromination and bromination reaction mixtures as the reactions proceeded.

The circular dichroism (CD) curves of the N-salicylidene derivatives of some open-chain α- and β-arylalkylamines and of α,β-diphenylethylamine in ethanol, dioxan, and isooctane were measured from 450 to about 240 mμ. In comparison with similar optical rotatory dispersion (ORD) measurements reported earlier, reliable observations to shorter wavelengths with greater resolution of the individual Cotton effects were possible. Cotton effects near 315 and 255 mμ are assigned to π-π* transitions of the intramolecularly hydrogen-bonded salicylidenimino moiety, and for the α-arylalkylamine derivatives, an additional Cotton effect near 280 mμ is assigned to the π-π* transition of the aromatic ring of the parent amines. The present measurements are in agreement with the conclusion drawn earlier that there is present in these derivatives an inherently dissymmetric chromophore, arising from the interaction of the π-electrons of the aryl group and the salicylidenimino moiety. However, only some of the changes in the CD curves which occur with changes in temperature could be interpreted with the simple conformational model used earlier to indicate the steric requirements for a rotationally significant interaction of the aryl and the salicylidenimino groups.