Seventeen soils and seven rock samples were analyzed for major elements, minor elements, and trace elements. Unlike the soils at previous Apollo sites, which showed little difference in composition at each collection area, the soils at Taurus-Littrow vary widely. Three soil types are evident, representative of (1) the light mantle at the South Massif, (2) the dark mantle in the valley, and (3) the surface material at the North Massif. The dark-mantle soils are chemically similar to those at Tranquillitatis. Basalt samples from the dark mantle are chemically similar although they range from fine to coarse grained. It is suggested that they originated from the same source but crystallized at varying depths from the surface.