The coalition formation is an important aspect of multi-agent negotiation and cooperation. Based on the Bilateral Shapley-Value, a multi-sided eigenvalue is presented by using the reference of n-person stochastic cooperative game. It is obvious when multisided eigenvalue have superadditivity, rational agents will combine to one coalition. A dynamic coalition formation algorithm is constructed based on the eigenvalue. Procedures of multi-sided negotiation, agent’s negotiation and coalition condensing are introduced in detail. In the end, the complexity, validity, coalition stability and parameter’s function of the algorithm is given. According to these, the correctness of the algorithm is proven.

基于XSLT技术的SBML与其他生物建模语言之间的转换方法存在无法保证转换结果的确定性、语法正确性及不能满足模型转换的工业化需求等缺陷.针对以上问题,提出了利用图文法定义SBML Schema及其他生物建模语言,并且利用Triple Graph Grammar构造SBML与其他建模语言之间的转换方法.在此基础上,提出了一种基于单路径尝试条件的转换算法,该算法具有多项式时间复杂性,能够保证转换目标对象的确定性与语法正确性,给出了相关证明,并且讨论了该条件在生物模型转换中的适用性.与传统方法相比,该方法利用可视化方法实现转换,简化了定义过程;无需动态检查转换过程,只要转化规则正确即可保证转换结果正确;同时支持扩增传播以及模型间双向转换.最后,通过Petri网与SBML之间的转换例子证实了该算法的正确性与有效性.

Poly-4-methyl-1-pentene (PMP) microporous membranes were prepared via thermally induced phase separation (TIPS) with dioctyl adipate (DOA) as the diluent. Solid-liquid phase separation happened to this PMP/DOA system because of the weak interaction between them, which resulted in the spherulitic structure. Unique and obvious spherulites were formed at low PMP concentration system or low quenching temperature, while the spherulites were destroyed and impinged at high PMP concentration or high quenching temperature. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) were used to analyze the crystallization of PMP in the PMP/DOA system via TIPS. The increase of the PMP concentration delayed the crystallization of PMP, which was inferred from the results of both the isothermal and non-isothermal crystallization of the PMP/DOA system. The crystallization was faster and had more effect on the ultimate membrane morphology when the quenching temperature decreased. Double endotherm peaks emerged on DSC melting curves of PMP/DOA quenched samples were owing to the crystals of different extent formed in primary crystallization and further crystallization during TIPS.

With the Internet development, lots of web services have been exposed increasingly on the Internet. These web services always are owned by different companies and organizations, and are geographically distributed. How to compose these web services together to fulfill a business process is usually a challenge issue. Case-Based Reasoning (CBR) is a problem solving paradigm. It uses successful experiences in past to solve similar problems at present or/and in the future. In this paper, a set of approaches to support web service composition based on CBR is presented for case retrieval. The method of semantic-driven similarity assessment for web services is also described. The indexing technology is adopted to organize the case base to improve the retrieval efficiency. In addition, case adaptation strategy for web services is employed to make a CBR system more robust than usual. At last, the experiments and analysis processes are also addressed.

BACKGROUND:Gene expression time series array data has become a useful resource for investigating gene functions and the interactions between genes. However, the gene expression arrays are always mixed with noise, and many nonlinear regulatory relationships have been omitted in many linear models. Because of those practical limitations, inference of gene regulatory model from expression data is still far from satisfactory.RESULTS:In this study, we present a model-based computational approach, Slice Pattern Model (SPM), to identify gene regulatory network from time series gene expression array data. In order to estimate performances of stability and reliability of our model, an artificial gene network is tested by the traditional linear model and SPM. SPM can handle the multiple transcriptional time lags and more accurately reconstruct the gene network. Using SPM, a 17 time-series gene expression data in yeast cell cycle is retrieved to reconstruct the regulatory network. Under the reliability threshold, theta = 55%, 18 relationships between genes are identified and transcriptional regulatory network is reconstructed. Results from previous studies demonstrate that most of gene relationships identified by SPM are correct.CONCLUSION:With the help of pattern recognition and similarity analysis, the effect of noise has been limited in SPM method. At the same time, genetic algorithm is introduced to optimize parameters of gene network model, which is performed based on a statistic method in our experiments. The results of experiments demonstrate that the gene regulatory model reconstructed using SPM is more stable and reliable than those models coming from traditional linear model.

According to the requirement of agriculture decision,a knowledge-based intelligent agent logical model was present- ed.Knowledge is the kernel of the model and inference is the model's main planning method.Based on the logical mod- el,ontology was used to define the intelligent agent's internal knowledge representation,and with the production rules, a plan presentation method was designed based on the task and entity definition.Then the agent's physical structure and key algorithm (planning procedure) were designed based on the blackboard model.An agriculture decision system archi- tecture based on multi-agent system (MAS) was proposed based on the agent model and blackboard mechanism.In the end,a farm crop production decision system was given,and its practical application proves that the model can fulfill the requirement of large-scale distribution agriculture decision systems.

Toanalyze the Multi-Agent systemin Agriculture application,we used the knowledge based Agent model in which knowledge is the kernel and ontology is the basic method of represent the knowledge.In the design of the Multi-Agent system,we used a blackboard model for communication,in case of the complex design of the communication in the level ofthe session layer in network.In the course of making decisions,we made the ontologyand the mature inference method based on regulation together and made the systemsmart and intelligent.

The effect of diluents on polymer crystallization and membrane morphology via thermally induced phase separation(TIPS) were studied by changing the composition of the mixed-diluents systematically, in the system of poly(4-methyl-1-pentene) (TPX)/dibutyl-phthalate (DBP)/di-n-octyl-phthalate (D-n-OP) with TPX concentration of 30 wt %. The TPX crystallization was observed with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and wide angle Xray diffraction (WAXD). The membranes were characterized with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), porosity, and pore size measurement. As the content of D-n-OP increased in n-mixed-diluents, the solubility with TPX increased, inducing the phase separation changing from liquid-liquid phase separation into solid-liquid phase separation, which changed the membrane morphology and structure. When the ratios of DBP to D-n-OP were 10 : 0, 7: 3; 5 : 5, and 3: 7, membranes were formed with cellular structure and well connected pores, while the ratio was 0 : 10, discernable spherulities were found with not well-formed pore structure. The effect of composition of the mixed-diluents on membrane morphology was more remarkable in TPX/dioctyl-sebacate (DOS)/dimethyl-phthalate (DMP) system, since good cellular structure was formed when the ratios of DOS to DMP were 10 : 0, 7 : 3, while spherulites were observed when 5: 5. Dual endotherm peaks behavior on DSC melting curves emerged for all the samples in this study, which was attributed to the special polymer crystallization behavior, primary crystallization, and secondary crystallization occurred when quenching the samples. As the content of D-n-OP increased, the secondary crystallization enhanced which induced the first endotherm peak on DSC melting curves moving to a lower temperature and the broadening of the overall melting peak, as well as the increasing of the overall crystallinity. (c) 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Intelligent agent model has been a hotspot of the agent research area. A knowledge-based intelligent agent logical model is presented. In the model, knowledge is the kernel and inference is the main planning method. Based on the logical model, the paper presents the internal knowledge definition model of the intelligent agent, designs the agent's physical structure based on blackboard model and gives the key algorithm. As a general intelligent agent model, it can support the agent's intelligent behavior effectively and apply to any appropriate situation conveniently. Through the application in the soybean production management system which is a part of the farm CIMS, it is proved that the model has adaptability, planning ability, inference ability and learning ability besides the basic agent's feature.

A multi-agent system (MAS) focuses on the interaction among the agents, and the communication mechanism is the basis for the interaction. This paper puts forward a MAS communication model based on a star-ring structure. This work proposes a MAS communication model which combines the characters of the platform architecture based on analysis of communication among the agents. The model assumes that the communication server's structure is more complex and the agent's communication module is relative simple. This MAS communication model logically directly transfers messages between agents, and messages are physically stored and transmitted. Analysis of this model indicates that this mechanism is agile and dependable, and can support many kinds of communication requirements in MAS systems. The model will help users conveniently and rapidly construct a stable and efficient MAS system.

Multi-agent negotiation has been one of the key problems in the multi-agent research area. An extended contract-net negotiation model based on task coalition and genetic algorithm is presented after analyzing the advantage and disadvantage of the classical contract-net negotiation model. Formalized definition method and coalition generation algorithm are given. A specialized genetic algorithm, which is optimized by optimized initial colony selection, optimized parent crossover/mutation and the using of Metropolis rule, is used to solve the task allocation in the coalition. The algorithm improves the efficiency of task allocation and reduces the communication cost. By testing and analyzing an example of a missile defense system, it is proved that the model can reduce the negotiation cost effectively contrast with the classical contract-net model on the basis of ensuring the negotiation quality.

Polymethylpentene could be good membrane materials because of it's excellent properties.In this paper,the method for making polymethylpentene membrane is reviewed,especially the principle,the process,the effects,and the properties of the membrane gained.Phase separation(nonsolvent induced phase separation,spreading solution on water surface and so on),melt stretch,thermally induced phase separation are included.

The effects of the polymer concentration and quenching temperature on the phase separation, the membrane morphology and polymer crystallization behavior in a poly(4-methyl-1-pentene) (TPX)-dioctylsebacate (DOS)-dimethylphthalate (DMP) system via thermally induced phase separation were studied with a pseudobinary phase diagram, with the weight ratio of DOS:DMP = 1:1. SEM was used to observe the membrane morphology and structure, whereas the TPX crystallization behavior was studied with DSC and WAXD. Liquid-liquid phase separation occurred, although quenching under the crystallization temperature. As the quenching temperature decreased, the pore size decreased, with better connected pore structure formed. The membranes quenched at 333 and 363 K showed good cellular structures, with an average pore size of about 2.3 mu m, whereas the pores of the membranes quenched at 393 and 423 K were not well formed, with some lamellar crystals on the inner side. The diluent assisted the mobility of the polymer chain, which improved the polymer crystallization. Dual-melting-peak behavior occurred for all the samples studied here. As the quenching temperature increased, the first peak of the melting trace moved to a higher temperature, whereas the second one stayed almost the same. The flexibility of the TPX main chain was restricted by the side groups, which allowed liquid-liquid phase separation to occur first when quenched below the equilibrium crystallization temperature. This allowed primary and secondary crystallization, which was responsible for the dual-melting-peak behavior. (c) 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

The effects of diluents, thermodynamic interactions, different quenching conditions and coarsening on the morphology of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) membranes via thermally induced phase separation were investigated. Scanning electron microscopy indicated that an interconnected spherulitic structure was obtained in the PVDF–DMP system, while the PVDF–DMP–DOS and PVDF–DMP–DOA systems showed a jagged and sharp-edged spherulitic structure. As the interactions decreased, the spherulitic structure was increasingly non-discernable and the value of porosity increased in the order of PVDF–DMP, PVDF–DMP–DOA, PVDF–DBP and PVDF–DMP–DOS. When quenching in 353 K and 368 K, the spherulities became more discernable, and the size of spherulity increased. When quenching in different conditions, the discernible spherulitic structure was obtained in ice water, a greater spherulitic size was obtained in a water bath at 303 K, and PVDF crystallized much slower and improved in an air bath.

Poly-4-methyl-1-pentene(TPX)were widely used based on its so many excellent properties.In this paper the processing methods and applications of TPX were reviewed Injection moldin,extrusion,blow molding and so on were included.The applications in such as medical apparatus,electronic and electric equipments,package,microporous material and blended materials were talked in detail.

聚4-甲基戊烯-1（TPX）众多的优良性能为其广泛应用奠定了很好的基础。本文重点介绍了TPX的常用加工方法，如注塑成型、挤出成型和吹塑成型等；并综述了TPX在医疗器械、电子电器、包装材料、微孔材料、共混改性等方面的应用。

合同网协议可扩充性好,处理动态环境能力强,在多智能体系统协商中应用广泛.在分析了经典合同网协议的优缺点后,提出了基于熟人联盟及扩充合同网协议的多智能体系统协商模型.根据模型设计了适合扩充合同网协议的系统结构,引入了熟人联盟以及信任度参数,提出熟人联盟生成方法及信任度更新规则并构造了基于经典合同网协议的扩充合同网协议.最后通过对一个导弹防御例子的测试及分析,证实了该模型在保证协商质量的基础上,有效地降低了协商代价.

专家系统是人工智能学科的重要分支,知识表示是专家系统的核心研究内容之一.本文首先分析现有的知识表示方法,结合专家系统技术在乳业领域应用的特点,引入定量计算方法,给出模糊线性规划的模型及算法.然后,提出两种线性规划求解和推理过程结合的专家系统应用模型,并从中总结出一种新的知识表示形式--基于规则和线性规划的知识表示.最后,给出这种知识表示方法在乳业专家系统中的应用.