为了有效提高清管器跟踪定位用磁场发射机的发射距离,对影响发射机的因素进行理论推导、电磁仿真分析及现场试验验证,结果表明:发射机发射距离的提高,可以通过将接收机安装在清管器钢骨架外部或增大线圈直径以减少发射线圈的匝数(在线圈含铜量不变的情况下)来实现;在较薄管壁中进行清管作业时,发射机的发射距离也会增强,但不明显;管径对发射机发射距离的影响不明显,可以忽略.研究结果可最大限度地提高发射机的发射距离,为增大清管器的监测范围提供理论依据.

The two difficulties such as injected polymer molecular weight optimization and fine multiparameter reservoir evaluation have become the key problems to be solved urgently in the process of polymer flooding.Taking the conglomerate reservoir of the lower Karamay formation in District Qidong-1 of Karamay oilfield as the study object,the paper uses physical simulation methods to identify the relationship between recovery factor and polymer molecular weight,that is,the recovery factor will decrease gradually after the polymer molecular weight reaches 1500× 104.Based on which,taking the radial amplitude difference between of compensated density log and neutron porosity log as a regressive parameter,a model is established to calculate shale content.The permeability model established by using porosity and shale content can evaluate the seepage property of the conglomerate reservoir more accurately.Based on the results of physical simulation experiments and reservoir multiparameter interpretation,the optimal injected polymer molecular weights in different subregions are determined for the conglomerate reservoir of the lower Karamay formation in District Qidong-1,good application effects have been gained and the daily oil production has been improved from 149.2 t to 515.8 t after the implementation of polymer flooding program in the study area.

本文针对连续重整催化剂性能以及重整反应的影响因素进行分析与探讨.

以“全数字化移交、全智能化运营、全生命周期管理”的智慧管道建设为背景,探讨了物联网、大数据、云计算、人工智能等信息技术在智慧管道站场设备状态监测中的应用方式.为了满足状态监测的新需求和新模式,提出并研究了4项智慧管道站场设备状态监测关键技术:信息感知技术、数据存储技术、数据挖掘与智能分析技术、可视化展示技术.基于此,设计了包含4个层级的设备状态监测平台框架结构,分别为智能感知层、数据存储层、智能诊断层及可视化层.研究成果为智慧管道关键设备状态监测提供了技术方法.

At present,the available pig tracking and locating devices can not perform online tracking continuously on the whole process but at the designated points.In order to solve this problem,it is proposed to make use of the distributed optical fiber vibration sensing technology to perform online tracking and locating of pigs.The distributed optical fiber vibration sensing system based on phase-sensitive optical time domain reflectometer (Φ-OTDR) was put up by using the one-core optical fiber of optical cable that is laid together with pipeline in the same ditch.This system was used to acquire the vibration signals which are generated during the operation of pigs,so as to analyze their time domain characteristics.It is concluded that the vibration generated during the operation of pigs is mainly caused by impacting between pigs and wall welding seams,and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of signals is reinforced by using the upper-lower envelope difference.Field application verifies that this technology can track and locate pigs in real time.

The traditional pig tracking and positioning technologies can not be applied universally due to the restriction of pipelines and surrounding environments.The pig tracking and positioning technology based on differential pressure attracts more and more attention owing to its advantages of sensitive pressure signals and surrounding influence independence,but its positioning algorithm is less studied.In this paper,the online pig positioning algorithm based on pressure wave was proposed for the differential pressure based pig tracking and positioning technology by taking the pigging operation in Wuhan oil transfer station,Changsha Oil & Gas transportation Sub-company of PetroChina Pipeline Company as an example.The algorithm is divided into three parts.Firstly,the signals acquired during the pigging are analyzed and divided into five states,i.e.,stable pressure,pig passing valve chamber,increasing pressure,decreasing pressure and struck pig.Secondly,the states of pressure signals are distinguished by means of wavelet singularity detection and correlation analysis.And thirdly,the online pig positioning algorithm is worked out for normal operation and struck state.The algorithm was verified by using the data acquired on site.It is shown that this online pig positioning algorithm can position the pigs accurately and monitor the whole process of pigging operation.

In order to point out the direction of reservoir classification and identification,provide geological basis for reservoir development, we recognize 5 types of lithofacies in the fan delta of the Baikouquan Formation in Triassic,according to argillaceous matrix content and grain size typically, on the basis of core description of 17 wells in the Mabei slope area of Junggar Basin.Combining with sedimentary microfacies analysis,we study the quality differences and distribution of reservoirs within the fan delta by using core analysis and testing data.The pore space of the Baikouquan Formation is dominated by residual intergranular pore and intragranular dissolved pore.Depositional fabric(grain size, argillaceous matrix content,sorting,the mode of arrangement etc) controls the reservoir quality in the Mabei slope area.The reservoir physical property is mainly controlled by the sedimentary microfacies.The physical property of front coastal channel and channel mouth bar microfa-cies are the highest, followed by front far channels. and plain braided channel microfacies, and the worst are sandy debris flows in the plain and front of the fan delta.In the same microfacies,the relationship between high or low of the argillaceous matrix content and good or bad of the physical property is obvious. Dividing lithofacies can solve the simple traditional microfacies problem which can not distinguish good res-ervoir from bad reservoir.In the same sedimentary microfacies,the physical property of poor mud,mud and rich mud lithofacies are ordinally turn worse. The physical property of poor mud sandtone lithofacies and poor mud conglomerate lithofacies are equivalent. The physical prop-erty of the sandstone is better than the conglomerate in mud lithofacies.

为明确砂砾岩复杂储层的沉积特征及有利储集相带分布,通过岩心、测井、地震、实验分析等资料综合研究,认为玛北斜坡区百口泉组属近源快速堆积的扇三角洲沉积体系,主要发育扇三角洲平原辫状河道、扇三角洲平原/前缘砂质碎屑流、扇三角洲前缘近岸水下分流河道、远岸水下分流河道、河口坝五种主要沉积微相类型.发育牵引流、重力流两种搬运机制.主要发育夏子街扇、黄羊泉扇二大主扇体,夏子街扇细分为风南10、夏72、玛7三条支扇,西部的风南10支扇、东部的玛7支扇发育重力流(砂质碎屑流)沉积.夏72支扇位于玛北鼻状凸起上,鼻状凸起背景下发育的低缓沟槽控制着牵引流水系的展布.储层的成岩作用(压实、胶结)强度与沉积作用(泥杂基含量、粒度)关系密切,泥杂基含量、粒度为储层储集性能的主控因素.有利储集相带受沉积机制、沉积微相双重控制,重力流(砂质碎屑流)沉积整体物性最差;牵引流沉积视不同沉积相带,扇三角洲平原辫状河道、扇三角洲前缘远岸水下分流河道物性较差;扇三角洲前缘近岸水下分流河道、河口坝物性最优,优质储层主要分布在扇三角洲前缘近岸水下分流河道相带内.

阐述了清管器跟踪定位技术的发展现状,分析了放射性同位素法、机械法、声学法、压力法和磁学法5种传统技术的优缺点,指出电磁脉冲法和压力法是其中最佳、最稳定和最成熟的两种方法,并提出基于这两种方法的远程跟踪定位技术的实现方法和方案,用智能判断替代人工判断,但是,该方法并未实现实时在线跟踪.由此,提出一种基于光纤震动原理的在线跟踪定位法,其可以对清管器位置进行全过程监控,实现实时在线跟踪,且不依赖除光纤以外的任何条件,是未来清管器跟踪定位技术的重要发展方向.(图2,参12)

目前差压法跟踪清管器多数情况作为通过指示器使用,缺少定位卡堵功能,作为一种跟踪方法并不完善.但是,因差压法采样频率高,故在跟踪高速清管器方面有着天然的优势.针对上述问题和优势,对差压法基本原理和现场试验数据进行分析,验证了差压法跟踪高速清管器的可行性,研究了清管器卡堵位置的计算方法,以及提高卡堵定位精度的方法,最终提出清管器远程在线跟踪定位系统的设计方案,以解决环境、天气、交通等客观条件对传统清管器跟踪的影响.

为明确夏子街组异常高阻储层展布及成因,通过岩性、物性及成岩作用特征综合分析,得出如下认识:异常高阻致密层以云化凝灰质砂砾岩为主,内部相对低阻储层以凝灰质粉细砂岩为主,为孔隙—裂缝双重介质储层.储集空间主要为剩余粒间孔、粒内溶孔、粒间溶孔、裂缝,整体属低孔、特低渗储层.平面上主要分布在乌南断裂—风10井断裂夹持的构造高部位应力集中带,垂向上主要集中于异常高阻段内部的相对低阻凝灰质粉细砂岩内.异常高阻体成因与云化作用有关,深部富含Ca2+、Mg2+的火山热液沿断裂上移,在靠近断裂的构造高部位、高凝灰质+砂砾岩组成的刚-粗岩性组合带内,火山热液循环充分,云化程度较高,形成异常高阻致密层；内部较细粒级的粉细砂岩段云化程度较低,后期风城组烃源岩有机质生烃排出的有机酸性溶蚀流体沿断裂系统对该段的易溶安山质、流纹质、长石及部分云质组分选择性溶蚀,形成相对低阻储层.

The Baikouquan formation (T1b) of Triassic in Wuerhe oilfield can be divided into one long-stage semi-cycle (LSC), three mid-stage cycles (MSC) and seven short-stage cycles (SSC) which are in correspondence with the sandbody development period, that is, each period sandbody developed in each SSC correspondingly. The cycle evolvement is characterized by asymmetry-cycle, symmetry-cycle and asymmetry-cycle from bottom to top. The first asymmetry-cycle is resulted from that the sediments of previous stratum descending stage were washed down by post fluvial channels, followed by shaping scour surfaces; the last one is due to the increasing accommodations allowing descending cycles to be under-compensation sediments. The major reservoir units, MSC1 and middle-bottom part of MSC2, are located in eary-middle period of LSC and composed of retrograding-upgrading SSC sediments with overlapped sand-gravel lithologies in middle-fan sub-facies of alluvial fan. The quality and productivity of MSC1 reservoirs are obviously better than those of MSC2 reservoirs.