Ring finger protein 113A (RNF113A) possesses a C3HC4 zinc finger domain and this domain is found in E3 ubiquitin ligase and is involved in tumorigenesis. To date, and at least to the best of our knowledge, there are no studies available which have investigated RNF113A in cancer. Thus, this study aimed to explore the role of RNF113A in the development of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). For this purpose, paraffin-embedded samples from 117 patients with ESCC were selected, as well as 41 pairs of fresh-frozen ESCC and adjacent normal tissue samples. RNF113A expression was examined by immunohistochemistry and reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). RNF113A was overexpressed or silenced in the EC9706 and Eca109 cells. The cells were examined for cell cycle progression, apoptosis, invasiveness and migration. Xenograft tumors were also created in mice using the Eca109 cells. Tumor differentiation (P=0.008) and T classification (P<0.001) were found to be significantly associated with RNF113A expression. No statistically significant association was observed between RNF113A expression and sex, age, histological type, tumor location and lymph node metastasis (N classification). Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that the patients with ESCC with ahigh expression of RNF113A had a lower survival rate than those with a low expression (P=0.002). Multivariate analysis revealed that RNF113A expression (HR=2.406; 95% CI, 1.301-4.449, P=0.005) was independently associated with overall survival in patients with ESCC. The overexpression of RNF113A promoted proliferation, migration, and invasiveness of ESCC cell lines in vitro, and RNF113A silencing reversed these malignant behaviors. RNF113A knockdown inhibited tumor growth in vivo. Thus, these results indicate that RNF113A promotes the proliferation, migration and invasiveness of ESCC cell lines. RNF113A expression in ESCC is this associated with a poor prognosis of affected patients.

It is known that high-risk human papillomavirus infection is the main etiological factor in cervical carcinogenesis. However, human papillomavirus screening is not sufficient for early diagnosis. In this study, we aimed to identify potential biomarkers common to cervical carcinoma and human papillomavirus infection by proteomics for human papillomavirus-based early diagnosis and prognosis. To this end, we collected 76 cases of fresh cervical tissues and 116 cases of paraffin-embedded tissue slices, diagnosed as cervical squamous cell carcinoma, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia II-III, or normal cervix from ethnic Uighur and Han women. Human papillomavirus infection by eight oncogenic human papillomavirus types was detected in tissue DNA samples using a quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The protein profile of cervical specimens from human papillomavirus 16-positive squamous cell carcinoma and human papillomavirus-negative normal controls was analyzed by proteomics and bioinformatics. The expression of candidate proteins was further determined by quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry. We identified 67 proteins that were differentially expressed in human papillomavirus 16-positive squamous cell carcinoma compared to normal cervix. The quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction analysis verified the upregulation of ASAH1, PCBP2, DDX5, MCM5, TAGLN2, hnRNPA1, ENO1, TYPH, CYC, and MCM4 in squamous cell carcinoma compared to normal cervix (p < 0.05). In addition, the transcription of PCBP2, MCM5, hnRNPA1, TYPH, and CYC was also significantly increased in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia II-III compared to normal cervix. Immunohistochemistry staining further confirmed the overexpression of PCBP2, hnRNPA1, ASAH1, and DDX5 in squamous cell carcinoma and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia II-III compared to normal controls (p < 0.05). Our data suggest that the expression of ASAH1, PCBP2, DDX5, and hnRNPA1, and possibly MCM4, MCM5, CYC, ENO1, and TYPH, is upregulated during cervical carcinogenesis and potentially associated with human papillomavirus infection. Further validation studies of the profile will contribute to establishing auxiliary diagnostic markers for human papillomavirus-based cancer prognosis.

AIM:To detect the expression of trefoil factors (TFFs) and TWIST1 in colorectal cancer (CRC) and analyze their correlation with metastasis and survival.METHODS:This study examined the expression of TFF1, TFF3 and TWIST1 in a total of 75 tumor samples, 47 matched normal samples (15 cm from the lesion margin), 30 metastatic lymph nodes, and 10 liver metastatic cancer samples from patients with CRC. The relationship was then analyzed between the protein expression and different clinical records. TFF1, TFF3, TWIST1,E-cadherin, vimentin and β-catenin mRNA and protein expression levels were measured in colon cancer cell lines with different metastatic potentials (HIEC, HT29, SW620, and LoVo cells), and the correlation of the expression levels with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) was discussed.RESULTS:It was found that 66.7% (50/75), 78.7% (59/75) and 54.7% (41/75) of tumor tissue samples exhibited positive staining for TFF1, TFF3 and TWIST1 and so did 27.3% (13/47), 100% (47/47) and 17% (8/47) of adjacent normal colorectal tissues. Compared with adjacent normal tissues, significant differences were found in the expression of all three proteins in different cancerous tissues (P < 0.05). Higher expression of TFF3 and TWIST1 was significantly correlated with lymph node metastasis (P = 0.034, P = 0.000), advanced stage (P = 0.031, P = 0.003), and poorer survival (P = 0.042 for the TFF3 group, P = 0.003 for the TWIST1 group). The expression of TFF3 and TWIST1 in cancer cell lines was higher than that in HIEC (a normal human intestinal epithelial cell line)(P < 0.05), and the expression intensity demonstrated a tendency to rise with increased metastatic potential both at the protein and mRNA levels. However, TFF1 expression demonstrated the opposite tendency. It was also observed that the expression of E-cadherin and β-catenin tended to decrease while that of vimentin, TWIST1 and Snail tended to rise with the increase in metastatic potential.CONCLUSION:The expression of TFF3 and TWIST1 might be associated with the survival of patients with CRC after curative resection and might be pivotal predictors of disease progression. TFF3 may be correlated to the invasiveness of CRC.

Abnormal Savda Munziq (ASMq) is a traditional prescription in Uyghur Medicine, and its treatment of complex diseases such as tumors and asthma has been proven to be effective in Uyghur medical clinical practice. The efficacy-enhancing and toxicity-reducing properties of ASMq were studied on mice with transplanted cervical cancer (U27) tumors, which were treated with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in this work.

Objective To investigate the prevalence and influencing factors of chronic musculoskeletal injury (CMI) among nursing staff of old-age welfare in Urumqi city, to find out the awareness and implementation of preventive measures for chronic musculoskeletal injury, and the demand on new life support technology. Methods This study looked after chronic musculoskeletal injury situation questionnaire, in April 2015 form 1st to 30th in urumqi 8 nursing work of old-age nursing staff to carry out the questionnaire. Results A total of the 200 old-age nursing staff, the effective response rate of 183 (91.5%). Old-age nursing researchers report in the past week have the CMI hair author 169 people (92.3%). Occurrence of CMI in gender, educational background, whether on the thought of leaving post was statistically different (χ2=8.36,16.14,14.05, P<0.05). Higher occurrence of CMI was found in the nursing process of showering and washing hair [81.4% (149/183)], transition between wheelchair and bed [63.9% (117/183)], and changing body position in bed [61.2% (112/183)]. The most common site of CMI occurrence were namely back [84.7% (155/183)], shoulder [54.1% (99/183)], lower limbs [35.0% (64/183)] and upper limbs [30.1% (55/183)].Only 31 (16.9%) knew new life support technology which can prevent and reduce CMI. 178(97.3%) reported having needs to use new life support technology, and 179 (97.8%) were willing to participate in relevant technology. Conclusions Prevalence of CMI among nursing staff of old-age welfare in Urumqi region was high. It was related to many factors. Most of nursing staff have needs on life support techniques. Measures should be taken to prevent and reduce the occurrence of CMI among nursing staff of old-age welfare to improve work efficiency. Key words: Nursing staff of old-age welfare; Chronic musculoskeletal injury; Awareness of preventive measures; Life support technology

Previous research has demonstrated the anti-tumor properties of Abnormal Savda Munziq (ASMq), a traditional Uyghur compound herbal medicine. The effects of ASMq on cervical carcinomas in U27 tumor-bearing mice is investigated, the effect of adding Fluorouracil (5-FU) is also assessed in this paper. The results demonstrate that ASMq and 5-FU significantly inhibited the proliferation of U27 cells in a time-dependent and dose-dependent manner. Evaluating the interactions between ASMq and 5-FU on U27 cell growth yields a combination index (CI) < 1 in different time periods, suggesting a synergistic effect between the two drugs in vitro. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis demonstrates that ASMq can inhibit enhanced lipid metabolism in tumor mice, enhance the glutamine content, promote lymphocyte and macrophage proliferation, and increase tumor necrosis factor(TNF-α) and interleukin(IL) production, which can enhance the effect of 5-FU on the inhibition of tumors. Also ASMq can reduce the content of ALT and AST in serum. Increased SOD, GSH-Px, and decreased the content of MDA in liver tissue. ASMq has a synergistic effect on liver and tumor pathology, as well as tumor inhibition rate. In addition, ASMq can also enhance the body's antioxidant capacity and improve the body's metabolism, and reduce 5-FU's toxic side effects.

The Pamirs, among the world's highest mountains in Central Asia, are one of homelands with the most extreme high altitude for several ethnic groups. The settlement history of modern humans on the Pamirs remains still opaque. Herein, we have sequenced the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) genomes of 382 individuals belonging to eight populations from the Pamirs and the surrounding lowlands in Central Asia. We construct the Central Asian (including both highlanders and lowlanders) mtDNA haplogroup tree at the highest resolution. All the matrilineal components are assigned into the defined mtDNA haplogroups in East and West Eurasians. No basal lineages that directly emanate from the Eurasian founder macrohaplogroups M, N, and R are found. Our data support the origin of Central Asian being the result of East-West Eurasian admixture. The coalescence ages for more than 93% mtDNA lineages in Central Asians are dated after the last glacial maximum (LGM). The post-LGM and/or later dispersals/admixtures play dominant roles in shaping the maternal gene pool of Central Asians. More importantly, our analyses reveal the mtDNA heterogeneity in the Pamir highlanders, not only between the Turkic Kyrgyz and the Indo-European Tajik groups, but also among three highland Tajiks. No evidence supports positive selection or relaxation of selective constraints in the mtDNAs of highlanders as compared to that of lowlanders. Our results suggest a complex history for the peopling of Pamirs by multiple waves of migrations from various genetic resources during different time scales.

Objective. To investigate the effect of abnormal savda munziq (ASM) on the pulmonary function and expression of lung-specific aquaporins in the rat model of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with abnormal savda syndrome (ASSCOPD). Methods. Eighty male rats were randomized into ASSCOPD, COPD, and control groups. ASSCOPD was further categorized into ASM and non-ASM groups. COPD model was established by combining fumigation with airway instillation of elastase; ASSCOPD model was developed based on COPD by induction with dry cold diet, cold dry environment, and plantar electric stimulation. ASM was administered twice daily. The pulmonary function was evaluated based on respiration. The mRNA and protein levels of AQPs were estimated by real-time PCR and Western blot, respectively. Results. MV, TV, the mRNA level of AQP5, and the protein expression of AQP1, AQP4, and AQP5 were increased in ASMCOPD compared to ASSCOPD. Conclusion. The pulmonary function was impaired in ASSCOPD group; the expression of AQP1, AQP4, and AQP5 was decreased at protein and mRNA levels in ASSCOPD group. ASM can improve the pulmonary function in ASSCOPD for MV and TV. ASM could elevate the protein expression of AQP1, AQP4, and AQP5 and the mRNA level of AQP5 in lung tissue.

The main objective was to research the process of gallnut suppository preparation with its water extract as the main drug, and evaluate its irritation to rectal mucosa. gallnut extract was obtained by decocting method, and its suppository preparation was obtained by fusion method with semi-synthetic aliphatic esters and rose flower oil as the matrix. Weight difference and in vitro melting time limit of the suppository were assayed and UV-Vis was used to determine the contents of polyphenols, tannin and saccharide. The irritation to colon mucosa was evaluated after successive administration of 14 days to New Zealand white rabbits. Finally, the prescription compositions were determined: semi-synthetic aliphatic esters and rose flower oil with the ratio of 2:1 as the proper matrix, with the drug loading of 54%. The prepared suppository was brown, conical and smooth. The weight difference was (1.43±0.03) g, with an average melting time limit of (17±2) min. The Contents of Polyphenols, tannic and polysaccharide were 332.4, 245.0, 3.3 mg•g-1 respectively in each suppository. The results also showed that the continuous administration had no irritation to rectal mucosa. It can be concluded that the suppository was an acceptable administrate form, whose preparation process was easily controlled, and with no irritation to rectum mucosa.

The present study is to establish a rat model of abnormal phlegmatic syndrome with Erectile Dysfunction (ED) according to the theory of Uygur traditional medicine. In addition, the feasibility and reliability of this model is evaluated. A total of 100 mature male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 2 groups: normal control group (n=10) that had normal environment and diet, and model group (n=90) that was treated with spinach and coriander diet in a cold-wet environment. Biological parameters and sexual behavior of the rats were observed for 20 weeks until establishment of abnormal phlegmatic syndrome and ED model. Through erection test, the rats were randomly divided into 6 groups and disproved for 2 weeks. The levels of testosterone, luteinizing hormones, follicle stimulating hormone, estradiol and prolactin in the serum of the rats were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The abnormal phlegmatic syndrome and ED model rats showed inactivity, dull hair, clear urine, loose and soft stool, dark tongue, greasy tongue coating, decreased body weight and water consumption, and increased food consumption, urine and stool production. For sexual behaviors, increased mounting, erectile, insertion, and ejaculation latency and decreased mounting, erectile, insertion, and ejaculation numbers were observed in ED model rats. After 2 weeks of disproof treatment, biological parameters, sexual behavior and sexual hormones were reversed. The present study demonstrates that the model mimics the development of abnormal phlegmatic syndrome with ED and shows Biological characterization consistent with clinic patients. Moreover, the model can be reversed after treatment.

The therapeutic effect of Uighur prescription on abnormal Savda in asthma patients was evaluated using plasma proteomics in order to elucidate the biological mechanism and identify potential therapeutic targets of abnormal Savda. In the present study, 40 asthma patients with abnormal Savda including abnormal Savda Munziq and Savda Mushil were enrolled and treated with Uighur prescription. The effect of Uighur prescription on protein expression and potential targets was investigated by isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ)-based proteomics and bioinformatics analysis. Expression of candidate proteins was verified by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Following treatment with the Uighur prescription, 22 proteins were differentially expressed in the plasma of patients with asthma and abnormal Savda. The majority of these proteins were localized in intermediate filaments and the cytoskeleton and acted as antioxidant enzymes and binding proteins. Furthermore, they participated in the defense and inflammatory response, and the response to oxidative stress and wound healing. Peroxiredoxin 2 and carboxypeptidase B2 expression was significantly upregulated, whereas S100A7 was considerably downregulated in the whole plasma of patients (all P<0.05) in accordance with the iTRAQ proteomics data. Uighur prescription of abnormal Savda may affect the whole regulatory network of protein expression that is altered following the development of abnormal Savda in patients with asthma.

To compare different intervention models for promoting male circumcision (MC) to prevent HIV transmission in Western China. A total of 1690 male participants from multiple study sites were cluster randomly allocated to three-stage (Model A), two-stage (Model B), and one-stage (Model C) educational interventions. In all three interventions models, knowledge about MC significantly increased and the reported willingness to accept MC increased to 52.6% (255/485), 67.0% (353/527), and 45.5% (219/481) after intervention, respectively (P < 0.05). Rate of MC surgery uptake was highest (23.7%; 115/485) among those who received Model A intervention, compared to those who received Model B (17.1%; 90/527) or Model C (9.4%; 45/481) interventions (P < 0.05). Multivariable Cox regression analysis identified that Model A or Model B had twice the effect of Model C on MC uptake, with relative risks of 2.4 (95%CI, 1.5–3.8) and 2.2 (95%CI, 1.3–3.6), respectively. Model B was the most effective model for improving participants’ willingness to accept MC, while Model A was most successful at increasing uptake of MC surgery. Self-reported attitude towards MC uptake was not strongly correlated with actual behavior in this study focusing on the general male population in Western China.

Background and objective: Pulmonary Daoyin (PD) (evolved from ancient Chinese daoyin skills), is a rehabilitation technology that combines specially designed movements of the arms and body and controlled breathing exercises, to improve the physiological and psychological status of patients with chronic respiratory disease. Pulmonary rehabilitation is effective for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and the efficacy of PD is unknown. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of a PD program in enhancing activity tolerance, patient-reported outcomes and satisfaction with the effectiveness on patients with COPD.Materials and methods: The multi-center, randomized controlled trial was conducted from November 2011 to June 2012 in local communities in cities of the 11 research centers in China. It included COPD patients (moderate to very severe) who were recruited from an outpatient clinic. A randomized controlled study included 464 COPD patients who were randomly allocated either to the PD group, participating in a 3-month, ten times-weekly supervised PD based pulmonary rehabilitation program, or to a control group continuing with regular medical treatment alone. Data were gathered using the 6-minute walking distance (6MWD) test, COPD patient-reported outcomes (COPD-PRO) and Effectiveness Satisfaction Questionnaire for COPD (ESQ-COPD), which was filled out at baseline and 3 months post-intervention. SAS 9.2 was used for statistical analysis.Results: Of the 464 patients in the study, 461 were included in the full analysis set (FAS); 429 were in the per-protocol analysis set (PPS). After 3-month intervention, there was a significant difference between the two groups in 6MWD (FAS; P= 0.049; PPS; P= 0.041), total score and all domains of COPD-PRO (FAS; P= 0.014; PPS; P= 0.003) and ESQ-COPD (FAS; P= 0.038; PPS; P < 0.001).Conclusions: The PD program was able to improve the activity tolerance level and satisfaction of COPD patients because of its effectiveness.

The paper is intended to analyze and evaluate the specific curative effect and safety of 2% liranaftate ointment in treating patients with tinea pedis and tinea cruris. 1,100 cases of patients with tinea pedis and tinea corporis & cruris were selected as research objects and were divided into two groups according to the random number table method. They were treated with different methods: 550 cases of patients were treated with 2% liranaftate ointment for external use in the observation group and the rest 550 cases of patients were treated with 1% bifonazole cream in the control group. The treatment time was two weeks for patients with tinea corporis & cruris and four weeks for those with tinea pedis respectively. Meanwhile, the one-month follow-up visit was conducted among the patients to compare the curative effects of two groups. After the medication, the curative effectiveness rate was 87.65% (482/550) in the observation group, while that was 84.91% (467/550) in the control group. After the average follow-up visits of (15.5±2.4), the curative effectiveness rate 96.55% (531/550) in the observation group, while that was 91.45% (503/550) in the control group. Two groups of patients recovered well with a low incidence of adverse reactions in the treatment, and the overall curative effect was good with the inter-group difference at P>0.05, so it was without statistical significance. The curative effect of 2% liranaftate ointment is safe and obvious in treating tinea pedis and tinea corporis & cruris, so it is valuable for clinical popularization and application.

Research has shown that many cancers have acommon pathophysiological origin and often present with similar symptoms. In terms of Traditional Uighur Medicine (TUM) Hilit (body fluid) theory, abnormal Savda syndrome (ASS) formed by abnormal Hilit is the common phenotype of complex diseases and in particular tumours. Abnormal Savda Munziq (ASMq), one representative of TUM, has been effective in the treatment of cancer since ancient times. Despite the physiopathology of ASS, the relationship between causative factors and the molecular mechanism of ASMq are not fully understood. The current study expanded upon earlier work by integrating traditional diagnostic approaches with others utilizing systems biology technology for the analysis of proteomic (iTRAQ) and metabolomic ((1)H-NMR) profiles of Uighur Medicine target organ lesion (liver) tumours. The candidate proteins were analyzed by enrichment analysis of the biological process and biomarker filters. Subsequently, 3Omics web-based tools were used to determine the relationships between proteins and appropriate metabolites. ELISA assay and IHC methods were used to verify the proteomic result; the protein von Willebrand factor (vWF) may be the "therapeutic window" of ASMq and biomarkers of ASS. This study is likely to be of great significance for the standardization and modernization of TUM.

World Health Organization (WHO) and Joint United Nations Program on AIDS (UNAIDS) recommend male circumcision (MC) as an additional HIV prevention measure. This study aimed to assess three models of promoting MC and their effects on preventing HIV infection among drug users in western China. We carried out a cohort study in three provinces of western China. HIV seronegative male drug users were recruited from methadone maintenance therapy clinics and cluster randomized into three intervention models. At baseline, 6, and 9 months of follow-up, changes in MC knowledge, the acceptability of MC, MC surgery uptake, and the costs of model implementation were analyzed. Of 1,304 male drug users who were screened, 1,218 were enrolled in the study. The participants' knowledge about MC was significantly increased after interventions by all three models. The one-stage model led to the highest increase in MC acceptability and the greatest increase in MC uptake. Multivariable Cox regression analysis showed that the one-stage model was also the most effective method to promote MC uptake, compared with the two-stage model [rate ratio (RR)=0.602; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.420-0.862] and three-stage model (RR=0.555; 95% CI, 0.382-0.807). The HIV incidence rate in the MC group was lower than that in the non-MC group (RR=0.234; 95% CI, 0.056-0.974). Moreover, the one-stage model required the lowest cost per circumcision. The one-stage model is the most effective and the most cost-effective intervention to increase MC uptake among male drug users in western China and could decrease the HIV incidence rate, based on a short follow-up investigation.

Abnormal Savda Munziq (ASMq), an Uighur medicine formula commonly used in the treatment of cancer, has been speculated to possess antioxidative and antiproliferative effects, and to regulate immune activity. The present study was designed to systematically elucidate the toxicity-reducing activity of ASMq in mice undergoing combination chemotherapy with doxorubicin and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). The mice were divided into normal (saline, 10 ml/kg) and doxorubicin + 5-FU groups (doxorubicin, 2.5 mg/kg; 5-FU, 10 mg/kg on alternate days). In addition, three groups received different doses of ASMq (2, 4 and 8 g/kg), in addition to doxorubicin (2.5 mg/kg) and 5-FU (10 mg/kg) treatment on alternate days. The histology of the heart and liver, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity, malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations in heart homogenate, and various biochemical parameters of the liver were evaluated. Compared with the normal control group, ASMq dose-dependently improved a number of variables, including body weight, liver index, transaminase and total protein, and partially normalized liver and cardiac pathology. ASMq restored activities of defense antioxidant enzymes SOD and GSH-Px towards normal levels, and decreased MDA concentration in dose-dependent manner. These results demonstrated that ASMq provides significant protection against doxorubicin + 5-FU combination induced hepatotoxicity and cardiotoxicity. Further studies are required to determine the effects of ASMq against doxorubicin + 5-FU-induced toxicity during chemotherapy in vivo.