Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the physician-related factors leading to excessive medical interventions in the primary care setting. Methods: A total of 126 physicians working in the Family Medicine centers in the primary care setting in Edirne Province, Türkiye were included in this study between September 2019 and November 2019. The data were collected with a questionnaire prepared by the researcher. The questionnaire consisted of 61 questions in total including four questions about the sociodemographic characteristics of the participants, 39 questions examining the factors that may lead to excessive medical intervention, and the Defensive Medicine Practices Attitude Scale, which had 18 questions. Results: According to physicians’ scores from the Defensive Medicine Practices Attitude Scale, the mean was 41.05±9.91 (min=14, max=62). We found that defensive medicine practices attitudes were very good in 10.3% (n=12) of physicians, good in 35.3% (n=41), moderate in 49.2% (n=57), and poor in 5.2% (n=6). Conclusion: The lack of knowledge is attributed to the difficulty in accessing reliable information and a lack of trust in the articles. This implies that article providers need to implement reforms in how they select and distribute these articles to physicians. The heightened fear of litigation among physicians also highlights the need for legal reforms. Keywords: quaternary prevention, malpractice, family practice, defensive medicine

Aim: The main purpose of this study is to conduct a structural, and criterion-related validity study of the Short Beck Depression Inventory and to make it available for use by healthcare professionals and individuals conducting research in the field. Method: Designed as a cross-sectional scale adaptation study, this research utilized the 21-item Beck Depression Inventory, the Short Beck Depression Inventory, and the Self-Compassion Scale. Data of the study were collected through Google Forms using extensions transmitted via email and WhatsApp. Results: The mean age of the 178 participants was 21.09±2.12. The statistical findings in the confirmatory factor analysis of the Short Beck Depression Inventory, the X2/DF (23.68/13); the ratio was found to be 1.82, Root Mean Square Error of Approximation: 0.068, Standardized Root Mean Square Residual: 0.046, Root Mean Square Residual: 0.027, Normed Fit Index: 0.95, Non-Normed Fit Index: 0.97, Comparative Fit Index: 0.98, Incremental Fit Index: 0.98, Relative Fit Index: 0.93, and Goodness of Fit Index: 0.96. In the criterion-related validity study, a relationship was observed between the Short Beck Depression Inventory and the Beck Depression Inventory and between the Self-Compassion Scale. Conclusion: Upon examining the outcomes of the inventory's confirmatory factor analysis, it was found that all fit indices were within the excellent fit range. The Turkish adaptation of the Short Beck Depression Inventory was concluded to be a highly valid and reliable scale that can be used in clinical settings and research in the adult Turkish population. Keywords: depression, factor analysis, self-compassion

Objective: Patient adherence, particularly in the management of chronic diseases, is an often overlooked but crucial aspect that is more important than medication treatment itself. It is also one of the major problems contributing to treatment failures. Our study aims to evaluate the adherence levels of elderly hypertensive individuals residing in the city center of Edirne, as well as the factors influencing adherence levels. Methods: The study sample consists of 421 elderly hypertensive individuals registered with 52 primary healthcare units in the city center of Edirne. Data were collected using a questionnaire comprising 75 questions. The questionnaire included socio-demographic characteristics, factors that may affect patient adherence, and the Adaptation to Chronic Illness Scale consisting of 25 questions. Results: Of the participants, 226 (53.7%) were female and 195 (46.3%) were male. The participants had an average adaptation score of 87.04±9.77, with a minimum score of 62 and a maximum score of 116. Younger elderly individuals had higher adaptation scores. Adaptation scores were lower for widowed individuals, illiterate individuals, and those living alone. Participants who were informed about their illness and treatment, involved their families, and had family support had higher adaptation scores. Conclusions: The adherence levels of the elderly participants in our study were found to be below the expected level. Existing studies in the literature predominantly focus on medication adherence. Conducting studies that specifically target disease adaptation would enable a better understanding of patients and the development of new strategies to improve adherence levels.

In today’s world, scientific publications play a more distinctive role than ever. Even people with no academic background, or even media, are following the medical journals and publications with a growing interest and as a source to keep up with the current knowledge and outcomes. Therefore, the integrity and accountability of scientific publications, especially in medical journals, have been of utmost interest for scientific publishers. This leads to a more vigorous and objective evaluation process for the journals. The main role seems to be on the Editors’ shoulders, however a peer review by independent reviewers is the key to an objective evaluation for a trustworthy scientific publication. This article is aiming to highlight some important key features of the editorial process and define an outline of the roles of the actors in this practice. Keywords: peer review, editorial policies, publishing

Quality indicators is defined as nominal, ordinal or quantitative measures of health care quality in order to provide effective, safe and human-centered health care. They are the most important tools in monitoring quality. Quality indicators are widely used in many countries, including Türkiye, to evaluate and improve the quality of care in the health system. Quality indicators in primary care in Türkiye started to be implemented in 2017 by the Ministry of Health with the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development Health Care Quality Indicators Turkey project. According to this project Turkey includes 9 categories. These are Primary Health Care (preventable hospital admissions), Primary Care (prescribing), Acute Care, Mental Health Services, Patient Safety, Patient Experiences, Cancer Care, Infectious Disease Care, Dementia Health Services. The Category of Primary care has seven quality indicators. Although it was introduced in 2017 it is not widely used in primary care. Primary care plays an important role in the promotion of health care. Therefore, using quality indicators will be helpful in this process. Keywords: chronic disease, family physician, quality ındicators, health care

In addition to vaccination being the most effective method of protection against infectious diseases, health organizations such as World Health Organization and Center for Disease Control and Prevention have reported that deaths due to infectious diseases have decreased and some diseases have been eradicated thanks to vaccination. Nevertheless, since the discovery of the first vaccine, anti-vaccination is a concept that has always existed. While individual immunity is achieved through vaccination, community immunity is achieved when a sufficient majority of the community is vaccinated. Ensuring community immunity is important to protect people who cannot be vaccinated due to special circumstances from infectious diseases. The more people who are vaccinated, the less likely it is that unvaccinated people will come into contact with the disease agent. Therefore, the frequency of that disease in the community also decreases. According to data of World Health Organization, vaccination currently prevents 3.5-5 million deaths each year from diseases such as influenza, measles, diphtheria, diphtheria, whooping cough and tetanus. Health literacy is a multifaceted concept that addresses people's capacity to meet health demands in modern societies. Health literacy is linked to literacy and includes the motivation and competencies of individuals in the process of accessing, understanding, evaluating and applying health-related information. Health literacy is associated with overall health status, hospitalizations, mortality rates and health care costs. Improving health literacy is therefore crucial to improve the relationship between individuals and the health system. Information about vaccines is complex and understanding this information requires a certain level of literacy. Therefore, if people have low levels of health literacy, it will be difficult to communicate this information to them. While health literacy is important in influencing an individual's perception of immunization, immunization is also important for public health. Keywords: vaccines, immunity, health literacy

Objective: The aim of this study is to examine the quality of dietary intake and related factors in college athletes. Materials and Methods: One hundred twenty-seven athletes participated in this cross-sectional study. All procedures were in line with the Helsinki Declaration. Demographic characteristics, nutritional habits, and dietary intakes of the athletes were obtained with the help of the questionnaire. The quality of dietary intake was assessed using the Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015). Results: The average age of the participants was 21.2±2.3 years. Diet quality scores ranged from 19.1 to 69.7. The mean HEI-2015 total score was 42.8±9.7. No athletes had a good diet, 75.6% had a poor diet, and 24.4% had a diet that needs improvement. Female athletes had higher HEI-2015 scores than male athletes in the following components: total vegetables, greens and beans, and seafood and plant proteins (p<0.05). The whole grains score was zero for both genders. There was a positive correlation between HEI-2015 total score and age, education duration, time spent in sports branch, and the number of meals and snacks (p<0.05). The mean HEI-2015 total score of the athletes in team sports were higher than those from individual sports (p<0.05). Also, the diet quality of the smoker athletes was lower than that of the non-smokers (p<0.05). Conclusion: The diet quality of the majority of the college athletes was poor. The diet quality of the athletes needs modification. In college athletes, dietary interventions are required. Nutrition education should be provided to improve nutritional status, health and performance.

Introduction:We aimed to determine the prevalence and risk factors of idiopathic Parkinson's disease (IPD) in Western Turkey, which encompasses Edirne and its surrounding districts.Methods:In this study, 9887 individuals, able to communicate and agreed to participate in the study, were evaluated. The data was obtained by answering a face-to-face questionnaire consisting of 53 questions from volunteers living at 30 randomly selected family health centers in Edirne and its counties. The questionnaire included demographic information, questions to evaluate potential concomitant conditions, and questions regarding the symptomatology used in IPD diagnosis. Following the questionnaire, it was planned to determine the degree of IPD with the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) and the Hoehn and Yahr scale (HY) clinical rating scale in patients diagnosed with IPD to assess disease severity in patients diagnosed with IPD.Results:Of the 9887 individuals, 118 were diagnosed with IPD according to the questionnaire results from Edirne and its districts, and the prevalence of IPD was 1.2%. Approximately, 58.4% of the patients with IPD were male and 41.6% were female, which was not significantly different (p=0.214). Non-motor symptoms such as difficulty urinating, anxiety, depression, fatigue, REM sleep behavior disorder, and difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep were also examined in patients diagnosed with IPD. Depression was identified in 45.7% of the cases, while the control group was 4.3% (p=0.001). Fatigue was identified in 46.8% of the cases and control group was 3.5% (p=0.002).Conclusions:IPD prevalence studies will increase the awareness in the community and provide early diagnosis and treatment as well as serve as a basis to increased life expectancy, reduce morbidity, and improve life quality.

Keywords and references may appear in the background of the article structure, but they are crucial at every stage, from planning the study to citation. Correctly chosen keywords and references increase findability, improve the quality of the research, convey valid information to the reader, make reading enjoyable and increase the number of citations. Writing guidelines have been developed as a requirement for these issues. Writing guidelines provide rules for many stages of the article such as title, abstract, keywords, text content, table and figure layout, and rules for citation of references. Preparing an article using writing guidelines avoids confusion and helps to present information in a standardized way. Thus, publishers and authors present their work to the scientific world in an organized manner. Keywords: research activities, manuscript, publishing, authorship, medicine in literature

INTRODUCTION: Vitamins are frequently included in physicians' prescriptions. Our study aims to determine the physicians' knowledge about vitamins and nutrition, detect the factors affecting their vitamin prescribing, and gain information about their vitamin prescribing behaviors. METHODS: Our study included 368 physicians who volunteered to participate in the study. We prepared and used a questionnaire, which consisted of 7 questions about sociodemographic data, 13 questions about nutrition knowledge, 13 questions about physicians' attitudes towards prescribing vitamins, and seven questions about the factors affecting the vitamin prescribing behaviors of physicians. RESULTS: The most frequently recommended supplements by physicians were vitamin D (62.50%), vitamin C (56.25%), and vitamin B12 (54.89%). Physicians with 11 years or more years in the profession (p<0.001) and internal medical sciences physicians (p<0.001) gave more correct answers to the knowledge questions. About the frequency of prescribing and recommending vitamins to their patients as supplements, 93 (25.27%) participants said they never did that, 242 (65.76%) said they rarely did that, and 33 (8.97%) said they frequently did that. 90 physicians (24.46%) stated that they prescribed vitamins only upon the patient's request. Only 37 (10.05%) participants considered themselves competent in terms of nutrition knowledge about vitamins. Female physicians used vitamin supplements more (p<0.001). Moreover, 305 (82.88%) physicians said that patients who requested vitamin supplements were mostly women. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: We found that the majority of our participants gave a negative response to the requests to prescribe vitamins as supplements. Participants considered themselves lacking in nutrition knowledge about vitamins.

One of the most important factors in the management of diabetes is the level of self-care of patients. It reduces mortality and morbidity and is an important marker in the course of the disease. In our study, we aimed to evaluate the self-care level of diabetic patients admitted to our hospital and the factors that may affect self-care. Diabetes patients admitted to the Diabetes and Obesity Outpatient Clinic of our hospital were examined in a 4-month period between May 15, 2021 and September 15, 2021. After verbal information, a 71-question questionnaire including sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle, education and treatments, body mass index, waist circumference and Diabetes Self-Care Scale was applied face-to-face to patients who agreed to participate in our study. Measurements were made by the researchers. p<0.05 was accepted as statistical significance. The study included 132 diabetic patients, 83 women and 49 men. The mean score obtained from the Diabetes Self-Care Scale was 96.25±19.61. Factors that interacted with self-care were educational status (p<0.001), income level (p<0.001), receiving education about the disease from the doctor (p=0.007), diet (p=0.003) and exercise (p=0.005) in the treatment, frequency of control (p<0.001), waist circumference (p<0.001) and body mass index (p<0.001). Management of existing patients is as important as prevention of diabetes. Self-care is an important factor in the management of the disease. Every intervention to increase self-care leads to positive results in the management of the disease.

Amaç: Bu çalışmada, Edirne il merkezindeki anaokullarına kayıtlı çocukların teknolojik alet kullanımları ve ebeveynlerinin bu konudaki tutum/davranışlarının değerlendirilmesi ve ebeveynlerin çocuğun teknolojik aletleri kullanımları üzerindeki etkilerine dikkat çekilmesi amaçlanmıştır.Yöntem: Çalışmaya, Edirne İl Milli Eğitim Müdürlüğü’ne bağlı, Edirne il merkezinde bulunan tüm resmi ve özel anaokullarıyla ilkokullar bünyesindeki anasınıfları olmak üzere 30 okulun tamamı dâhil edildi. Evreni 1.892 çocuğun ebeveyni oluşturmakla birlikte tamamına ulaşılması hedeflendi. Elli dokuz sorudan oluşan anket formu tüm ebeveynlere ulaştırıldı. Ebeveynlerin 942’si anketi doldurdu (%49,7).Bulgular: Çalışmamızda, 3-6 yaş arasındaki çocukların %96,1’inin televizyon izlediği (n=905), %40,4’ünün bilgisayar (n=381), %54,7’sinin tablet (n=515) ve %84,5’inin akıllı telefon (n=787) kullandığı saptandı. Çocukların %5,7’sinin bilgisayar (n=54), %7,5’inin tablet (n=71), %12,2’sinin akıllı telefon (n=115) kullanmaya, %47,6’sının (n=449) televizyon izlemeye 2 yaşından önce başladığı saptandı. Çocukların %42,1’inin günlük toplam ekran zamanının bir saatten fazla olduğu saptandı. Evde televizyonun açık kalma süresi (p

According to the International Diabetes Federation, Turkey will be among the top 10 countries in the world with the highest prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) by 2045, with a speculated number of cases of 10.4 million.This study aimed to predict the 10-year risk of type 2 DM in a Turkish population, assess potential factors of the 10-year risk of DM, and assess the outcomes of Turkey's 2015 to 2020 program for DM.Individuals aged 20-64 years were categorized and stratified according to age (in ranges of 5 years), sex, and populations of family medicine centers to reflect the whole population. The Finnish Diabetes Risk Score, sociodemographic characteristics, body fat, muscle, bone ratio, blood pressure, and waist-to-height ratio were evaluated.We found that 9.5% (n = 71) of the population aged 20 to 64 years will have DM within the next 10 years. Low levels of education (odds ratio [OR]: 2.054; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.011-4.174), smoking cessation (OR: 2.636; 95% CI: 1.260-5.513), a waist-to-height ratio >0.5 (OR: 6.885; 95% CI: 2.301-20.602), body fat percentage (OR: 1.187; 95% CI: 1.130-1.247), high systolic blood pressure (OR: 1.025; 95% CI: 1.009-1.041), and alcohol consumption (beta-estimation: -0.690; OR: 0.501; 95% CI: 0.275-0.914) affect the 10-year risk of type 2 DM.Individuals at risk for DM can be easily identified using risk assessment tools in primary care; however, there is no active screening program in the healthcare system, and only proposals exist. In addition to screening, preventive measures should focus on raising awareness of DM, reducing body fat percentage and systolic blood pressure, and decreasing the waist-to-height ratio to <0.5.

The Eurasian Journal of Family Medicine (EJFM) is completing its 10th volume with this issue as one of the first products of the dreams of a group of academicians devoted to family medicine. Eurasian Society of Family Medicine (ESFAM) has been established in 2009 with the aim of carrying out scientific education and research activities, supporting ongoing scientific activities, and informing the society, carrying out activities for community education, and establishing a foundation to operate in this field. Shortly after its establishment, the first product of the association was organizing Trakya Family Medicine Congresses (TAHEK). At first, TAHEK was organized as a national congress in 2010 but since 2016 it became an international one with the participation of scientists from many countries (1). Next year on March 23-27, 2022 TAHEK will bring together Family Medicine academicians in Edirne for the 11th time (2). Edirne (Orestia, Orestas, Uscudama, Hadrianopolis, Edrenos, Edrenaboli, Edrene, finally Edirne) being the headquarters of ESFAM, is one of the ancient civilization centers of the world with its eight thousand years of history (3,4). After its conquest by the Turks in 1361, it was the capital of the Ottoman Empire until the conquest of Istanbul in 1453. Edirne has an important place in medical and academic history. The Complex of Sultan Bayezid II, which was opened in 1488, is one of the oldest universities in Europe with its medical faculty and hospital (5,6). In addition, the smallpox vaccine was first used in Edirne, its usage was later disseminated to Istanbul and Europe (7). Another imperial legacy that Edirne has is Edirne Red. Edirne Red was a natural dye obtained from the Rubia Tinctorum plant and very resistant to sunlight and washing, and was used in Turkish carpets and silk and cotton fabrics (8). While preparing the first issue of the Eurasian Journal of Family Medicine in 2012, we have chosen Edirne Red as the color of the cover of our journal, aiming to express our respect for the city where the association was established. Over the years, Trakya Family Medicine Congresses (TAHEK) have become one of the leading Family Medicine congresses of the Eurasian region, especially in the Balkans; It has made significant progress in becoming the meeting point of distinguished Family Medicine researchers and academicians from all over the world. During this time, our journal contributed to the dissemination of thousands of academic papers in the participating countries and increased the number of its followers. Likewise, Eurasian Journal of Family Medicine (EJFM) has enriched the international literature with many researches published over the years. It is a pride for us to express that the Eurasian Journal of Family Medicine has started to be indexed by many respected international scientific indexes. Scopus and DOAJ were added to these indexes this year. At the end of the tenth volume of our journal, we are happy to express our appreciation and gratitude to our authors, reviewers, distinguished international advisory board members, editors and all our stakeholders who shared our dreams and contributed to our products.

Objective: Diseases are more seen in the elderly population, therefore pain also gains a severe probleme in this situation. It is well known that pain impairs significantly the quality of life and gives raise to an increase use of drugs. The aim of our study is to determine the severity of chronic pain in the eldely and to evaluate the conditions affecting chronic pain. Methods: We included 456 elderly patients in our study. The mean age was 71.19±6.27 (min: 65; max: 93). Patient’s sociodemografic information, diseases, use of medications, presence of chronic pain, affecting conditions and treatment applied for chronic pain, and Geriatric Pain Scale were evaluated. Results: The females integrated in tis study were 272 with a rate of 59.6 %. Regarding the geiatric pain scale 61.2 % (n: 279) had a mild pain while the other 18.6% (n: 85) had severe pain. The 87.7% were in medication of analgesics for their chronic pain. The patient’s knowledge of the used of medications was with a rate of 43.9% (n: 200). We founded a statistically significant relationship between the chronic pain and femele gender (p<0.001), older age (p=0.012), smoking users (p=0.01), nonsteroidal antiinflamatory drug users (p=0.003) and inidviduals with higher mass body index (p=0.016). Conclusion: Chronic pain in the elderly is a common complaint. The presence of pain disrupts the quality of life and puts additional burdens on the healthcare system. Detecting preventable situations that cause pain and increases severity, giving importance to non-drug treatments, increasing health literacy about the drugs used, implementing effective policies against diseases will reduce the severity of chronic pain, increasing the quality of life and significantly reducing health costs.

Objective: The prevalence of elderly abuse varies between 2.2% and 30.1% in European countries. There is a limited number of studies that have investigated elderly abuse in Turkey. The aim of this study is to detect the prevalence and risk factors of elder abuse, identify the factors that can affect elderly abuse, and assess the possible measures to prevent this problem. Methods: We stratified the districts enrolled in family health centers to ensure that participants were from diverse social, cultural, and economic backgrounds of Edirne and formed a representative sample of 211 people. In addition to sociodemographic characteristics, our survey consisted of the Hwalek-Sengstock Elder Abuse Screening Test, the Geriatric Depression Scale-short form, the Standardised Mini-Mental State Examination, the Barthel Index for activities of daily living, and the Lawton-Brody instrumental activities of daily living scale. Results: The prevalence of elderly abuse was determined as 9.9%, and high abuse risk was 15.2%. We found that abuse risk was higher among older people who had no social security, lived alone, were abused physically or emotionally before, reported having bad family relations, and had fewer rooms at home which leads to a lack of privacy. Furthermore, we found significant relationships between abuse risk and the depression score. Conclusion: Elderly abuse is a risk for every person regardless of gender, education level, and economic status. As an invisible problem for societies, elderly abuse brings a great burden by leading to the loss of physical, mental, and psychological health. Preventive measures should be the primary goal. All results suggest that governments, non-governmental organizations, and health care providers should combat this problem by increasing patient literacy and ensuring lifestyle changes.

Aim: Psychological component of cigarette dependence is as important as its physical component. In addition to psychoactive material in the cigarette, factors such as happiness, joy, accompaniment with another activity, feeling self-confident confidence and social status play an effective role in smoking dependence. This signifies the fact that smoking dependence has to be dealt with in a multidimensional way. Test to Assess the Psychological Dependence on Smoking (TAPDS) published by Ponciano-Rodríguez et al, is developed to assess the psychological dependence on tobacco. The aim of this study iis study aims to test the reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the Test to Assess the Psychological Dependence on Smoking in the Turkish population. Methods: The Test to Assess the Psychological Dependence on Smoking (TAPDS) Turkish Version with 25 questions along with a sociodemographic form was handed out to volunteer participants. Data was were collected from a total number of 420 voluntary participants, who were randomly selected and current smokers. Confirmatory Factor Analysis was performed and Cronbach's α and McDonald's ω coefficients were used to determine the reliability of the scores of the scale. Results: The participants consisted of 263 males and 157 females, with an average age of 31.07 years, ranging from 20 to 85. The factor loadings of the scale for all items are observed to be more than 0.30 and all the items are statistically significant. Cronbach's α and McDonald's ω values calculated for the total score are 0.93. Conclusion: The Turkish version of TAPDS appears to be effective for assessing psychological dependence of smoking and it can be recommended as a sufficient and highly reliable and valid scale to be used. Keywords: smoking, validity, reliability, psychological dependence

Abstract According to the International Diabetes Federation, Turkey will be among the top 10 countries in the world with the highest prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) by 2045, with a speculated number of cases of 10.4 million. This study aimed to predict the 10-year risk of type 2 DM in a Turkish population, assess potential factors of the 10-year risk of DM, and assess the outcomes of Turkey's 2015 to 2020 program for DM. Individuals aged 20–64 years were categorized and stratified according to age (in ranges of 5 years), sex, and populations of family medicine centers to reflect the whole population. The Finnish Diabetes Risk Score, sociodemographic characteristics, body fat, muscle, bone ratio, blood pressure, and waist-to-height ratio were evaluated. We found that 9.5% (n = 71) of the population aged 20 to 64 years will have DM within the next 10 years. Low levels of education (odds ratio [OR]: 2.054; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.011–4.174), smoking cessation (OR: 2.636; 95% CI: 1.260–5.513), a waist-to-height ratio >0.5 (OR: 6.885; 95% CI: 2.301–20.602), body fat percentage (OR: 1.187; 95% CI: 1.130–1.247), high systolic blood pressure (OR: 1.025; 95% CI: 1.009–1.041), and alcohol consumption (beta-estimation: −0.690; OR: 0.501; 95% CI: 0.275–0.914) affect the 10-year risk of type 2 DM. Individuals at risk for DM can be easily identified using risk assessment tools in primary care; however, there is no active screening program in the healthcare system, and only proposals exist. In addition to screening, preventive measures should focus on raising awareness of DM, reducing body fat percentage and systolic blood pressure, and decreasing the waist-to-height ratio to <0.5.

We aimed to determine the prevalence and risk factors of idiopathic Parkinson's disease (IPD) in Western Turkey, which encompasses Edirne and its surrounding districts.In this study, 9887 individuals, able to communicate and agreed to participate in the study, were evaluated. The data was obtained by answering a face-to-face questionnaire consisting of 53 questions from volunteers living at 30 randomly selected family health centers in Edirne and its counties. The questionnaire included demographic information, questions to evaluate potential concomitant conditions, and questions regarding the symptomatology used in IPD diagnosis. Following the questionnaire, it was planned to determine the degree of IPD with the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) and the Hoehn and Yahr scale (HY) clinical rating scale in patients diagnosed with IPD to assess disease severity in patients diagnosed with IPD.Of the 9887 individuals, 118 were diagnosed with IPD according to the questionnaire results from Edirne and its districts, and the prevalence of IPD was 1.2%. Approximately, 58.4% of the patients with IPD were male and 41.6% were female, which was not significantly different (p=0.214). Non-motor symptoms such as difficulty urinating, anxiety, depression, fatigue, REM sleep behavior disorder, and difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep were also examined in patients diagnosed with IPD. Depression was identified in 45.7% of the cases, while the control group was 4.3% (p=0.001). Fatigue was identified in 46.8% of the cases and control group was 3.5% (p=0.002).IPD prevalence studies will increase the awareness in the community and provide early diagnosis and treatment as well as serve as a basis to increased life expectancy, reduce morbidity, and improve life quality.

Objective: We aimed to determine the prevalence and risk factors of Essential Tremor (ET) in Edirne and its districts, located in Western Thrace, which is the most western part of Turkey. Methods: In this study, 3008 individuals who could communicate and agreed to participate in the study were evaluated. To obtain the data from the applicants in 30 Family Health Centres in Edirne and its districts, a face-to-face questionnaire that consisted of 37 questions was prepared by the researchers. The questionnaire included general information, questions to evaluate potential concomitant comorbid conditions and questions regarding the symptomatology used in ET diagnosis, as well as questions to evaluate ET severity, was examined with the spiral test. Patients were classified by using the Washington Heights-Inwood Genetic Study of Essential Tremor (WHIGET) diagnostic and clinical evaluation scale. According to the diagnostic criteria for ET (used in participants who were examined and in those whose medical records were reviewed) were similar to those used in astudy conducted in Turkey. Results: Of 3008 individuals, 173 were diagnosed with ET according to the questionnaire results from Edirne and its districts, and the prevalence of ET was 5.8%. Approximately, 43.4% of the patients with ET were male, and 56.6% were female, which was not significantly different (p > 0.05). Participants with tremor related to alcohol withdrawal, hyperthyroidism, anxiety, depression other known causes of tremor were not considered to have ET. Thyroid disease was identified in 0.0% of the cases, and the control group was detected in 1.4%, which was not significantly different (p = 0.170). Psychiatric disease was identified in 0.0% of the cases, and the control group was detected in 1.3%, which was not significantly different (p = 0.271). Conclusions: ET prevalence studies will increase the awareness of the community and provide early diagnosis and treatment, as well as serve as a basis to reduce morbidity and improve the quality of life.