Peritoneal adhesions are common following abdominal surgery and lead to significant morbidity. Both pharmacological agents and barrier methods have been investigated for prevention, but with limited success. In this study, the efficacy of intraperitoneal pitavastatin was evaluated and compared with Seprafilm. Thirty-two female Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into four groups (n = 8): control, saline, pitavastatin (30 mg/kg intraperitoneal), and Seprafilm (30 × 20 mm). Macroscopic adhesions were graded using the Majuzi classification, and microscopic adhesions were assessed using the Zühlke scoring system. Plasma SCUBE1, malondialdehyde, and tissue-type plasminogen activator levels were analyzed. Macroscopic evaluation showed that adhesions were predominantly grade 2 in the control group (62.5%) and the saline group (75%). In contrast, a partial reduction in adhesion severity was observed in both the pitavastatin and Seprafilm groups; 25% of patients in both groups showed no adhesions (grade 0). Lower-grade adhesions (grades 1-2) were observed more frequently in these treatment groups. Microscopically, all rats in the control and Seprafilm groups were classified as stage 2 according to the Zühlke grading system. While grade 1 adhesions were predominantly observed in the saline group (87.5%), a broader distribution was observed in the pitavastatin group, including grade 1 (25%), grade 2 (50%), and grade 3 (25%) adhesions. Biochemical analysis revealed no significant differences among groups in plasma SCUBE1 (p = 0.294) and malondialdehyde levels (p = 0.051). However, plasma tissue-type plasminogen activator levels were significantly higher in the control group compared with both the pitavastatin (p = 0.012) and Seprafilm groups (p = 0.027). Intraperitoneal pitavastatin has demonstrated efficacy comparable to that of Seprafilm; however, neither treatment provided a statistically significant protective effect against postoperative peritoneal adhesions.

Bu çalışma ile, Türkiye’nin yongalam sektöründeki üretim eğilimlerini analiz etmek, üretim miktarı ile sosyoekonomik göstergeler arasındaki ilişkileri belirlemek ve sektörel karbon ayak izi projeksiyonlarını ortaya koymak amaçlanmıştır. Box–Jenkins yaklaşımına dayalı ARIMA kullanılarak 1995–2019 dönemine ait üretim verileri eğitim seti olarak değerlendirilmiş, 2020–2024 yılları test verisi ile model doğrulanmış ve 2025–2030 dönemine ilişkin üretim tahminleri yapılmıştır. Üretim miktarı ile nüfus, kişi başına GSYİH ve orman alanı arasındaki ilişkiler korelasyon analizi ile incelenmiştir. Analiz sonuçlarında, durağanlaştırılmamış serilerde gözlenen yüksek korelasyonların sahte korelasyon niteliğinde olduğu, durağanlaştırılmış serilerde ise üretim ile kişi başına GSYİH arasında anlamlı bir ilişki bulunurken, nüfus ve orman alanı değişkenlerinin kısa dönemde anlamlı bir ilişki göstermediği belirlenmiştir. Karbon ayak izi hesaplamaları, sektörün öncü üreticilerinden birine ait Çevresel Ürün Beyanı (EPD) verileri kullanılarak beşikten mezara sistem sınırında gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bulgular, yongalam levhaların biyojenik karbon içeriği sayesinde geçici karbon yutağı özelliği gösterdiğini, ancak bu etkinin ürünün kullanım ömrü ve kullanım ömrü sonu senaryolarına bağlı olarak değişebileceğini ve depolanan karbonun uzun vadede atmosfere geri salınabileceğini göstermektedir. Ayrıca üretim tahminlerine göre yongalam üretiminin 2030 yılına kadar yaklaşık 2,3 milyon m³ seviyesine ulaşacağı öngörülmektedir. Bu çalışma, zaman serisi analizi ile bütünleşik olarak ele alarak literatüre metodolojik katkı sunmakta ve sektörün sürdürülebilirlik açısından değerlendirilmesine yönelik çıkarımlar ortaya koymaktadır.

Son yıllarda, çevrenin mümkün olan tüm yöntemlerle korunmasına yönelik endişeler giderek artmaktadır. Yapı sektörü en büyük enerji tüketicisi ve atık üreticisi olduğundan, tasarruf için bilimsel araştırmaların ve inovasyon çalışmalarının odağı konumdadır. Bu bağlamda çalışma; yenilenebilir doğal lif olan koyun yünü ve ahşap yonga karışımı ile yeni ısı yalıtım malzemeleri önermektedir. Bu maksatla çalışmada, kontrol grubu örnekler ile ahşap yonga ve yün karışımı (YYK) örnekler ile ara katmanlarda oranları sırasıyla %10, %20 ve %30 olan, düşük ve orta yoğunlukta levhalar üretilmiştir. Hazırlanan deney örneklerinin yoğunlukları TS EN 323 ile ısı iletkenlik ve ısı geçirgenlik katsayıları TS EN 12667, Levha yüzeyine dik çekme direnç hesaplaması TS EN 319, Levha yüzeyine dik yönde vida çekme direnci tayini TS EN 13446 standartlarına uygun olarak tespit edilmiştir. YYK levhalarda karışım oranlarının ısı iletkenlik ve ısı geçirgenlik etkisini belirlemek için varyans analizi (ANOVA) yapılmıştır. Gruplar arasındaki anlamlı farklılıklar, ortalama değerlerin en küçük anlamlı fark (LSD ve DUNCAN) testi ile karşılaştırılarak incelenmiştir. Sonuç olarak ısı iletkenlik katsayısı; Düşük yoğunluklu grup kendi arasında değerlendirildiğinde en yüksek %0 yün karışımı grupta (0,068 W/m.K), en düşük %20 yün karışımı grupta (0,058 W/m.K) elde edilmiştir. Orta yoğunluklu grup kendi arasında değerlendirildiğinde %0 yün karışımı grupta (0,093 W/m.K), en düşük ise %20 yün karışımı grupta (0,086 W/m.K) elde edilmiştir. Isı geçirgenlik katsayısı; en yüksek orta yoğunluklu %0 yün katkılı kontrol grubunda (4.675 W/m².K) en düşük ise düşük yoğunluklu %20 yün karışımı grupta minimum (1.713 W/m²K)değeri elde edilmiştir. Ulaşılan değerlerde beklendiği gibi ısı iletkenlik katsayısının yün oranı ile doğrudan ilişkili olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Yonga yün karışımı levhalarda elde edilen ısı iletkenlik değerleri Xps tipi yalıtım malzemelerindeki ortalama değer olan 0,030 ≤ λ ≤ 0,035 W/mK’ya yakın minimum 0.044 W/mK’dır. Isı geçirgenlik için; TS EN 825 Isı Yalıtım Kuralları Standardında yeni yapılar için önerilen U= 2,4 W/m²K değerinin altında minimum 1.713 W/m²K’dır.

Bu çalışmada, Türkiye'de mobilya üretim süreçlerinde sıklıkla kullanılan orta yoğunluktaki lif levha (MDF), yonga levha, kayın kaplama, papel kaplama, selülozik, poliüretan ve su bazlı verniklerin uygulanmasında VOC gazlarının (Benzen ve Toluen) emisyonlarının belirlenmesi araştırılmıştır. Elde edilen sayısal sonuçlar Mathematica programındaki Fitting yönetimi kullanılarak, VOC gazlarının salınma miktarlarını zamana bağlı olarak bir denklem (her bir deney numunesi için) şeklinde elde edilmiştir. Bu denklem kullanılarak salınım sürecinde istenen herhangi bir zaman anı için VOC salınım miktarı belirlenebilir. Buna ek olarak VOC gazlarının ne zaman sıfır olacağı ve maruziyet değerlerinin altında kalacağı elde edilen denklemlerin çözümünden hesaplanabilir. Üretici firmalar, ürünlerdeki VOC gazları maruziyet değerinin altında olduğunda ürünlerini satış için piyasalara arz edebilirler.

Bu araştırmada, formaldehit içermeyen ahşap esaslı levha üretimi amaç edinilmiş, üretilen levhaların standart yonga levhalar ile yoğunluk özellikleri incelenmiştir. Levha üretiminde 3 çeşit ana katkı maddesi (Baklava unu, Mısır Nişastası ve Mısır Unu) ve salep, bağlayıcı madde olarak da yumurta akı kullanılmıştır. Bu amaca yönelik üretilen levhalardan elde edilmiş 60 adet 50*50*10 mm deney numunelerinin yoğunluklarını bulmak için TS EN 323 (1999)’ da belirtilmiş olan esaslara göre testler yapılmıştır. Yapılan çalışma sonucuna göre mısır unu kullanılarak elde edilen levhalarda en verimli sonucun elde edildiği görülmüştür. Bu sonuçlara göre, 7,5 gr salep ve mısır unu (125 gr) kullanılarak elde edilen levhalarda en yüksek tam kuru yoğunluk değerine (0,695 g/cm³ ) ulaşıldığı görülmüştür. Aynı şekilde hava kurusu yoğunluk değerlerine bakıldığında en fazla değerin 7,5 gr salep ve mısır unu (125 gr) karışımında en yüksek değere (0,724 g/cm³) ulaşıldığı tespit edilmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda; mobilya sektörünün beklentilerine cevap verebilecek nitelikte formaldehit içermeyen ahşap esaslı kompozit levha yoğunluğu 0,695 g/cm³ olarak üretilmiş, standart yonga levha (formaldehit katkılı) yoğunluğu ile (0,64 g/cm³) eş değer özelliklere sahip olduğu tespit edilmiştir.

Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the frequency of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), risk factors, and co-infection with intestinal parasites in adult patients presenting gastrointestinal complaints. Materials and Methods: The working group of the study consisted of 385 patients with gastrointestinal complaints. A questionnaire including questions aiming to canvass the socio-demographic features, lifestyles, and complaints of the patients was administered to the study population. Cellophane slide method, native-lugol, sedimentation and Modified kinyoun acid-fast methods were used for the diagnosis of parasites in stool, under microscope. The H. pylori antigen was studied in the stool sample taken for the diagnosis of H. pylori.Results: H. pylori positivity was found to be 27.79% in the patients included in the study. 76.6% of those who are positive for H. pylori are women, and the positivity rate was found to be higher at the age of 40 and over (75.7%). The majority of patients with H. pylori positivity expressed being married (73.8%), having middle / low-income (89.7%), having a low educational background (82.2%), living in a village (55.1%), and in a nuclear family (72.2%) (p<0.001). H. pylori positivity was higher in those who used tap water (40.2%) and those who had a vegetable-based diet (75.7%) (p<0.001). The study found a statistically significant correlation between Entamoeba histoloytica and Enterobius vermicularis positivity and H. pylori positivity (p<0.05 p<0.001, respectively). The calculated odds ratio showed that H. pylori positivity was 1.19 times higher in Entamoeba histoloytica positivity and 11.27 times higher in Enterobius vermicularis positivity. Conclusion: Larger and more comprehensive studies should be performed to understand better the epidemiology, clinical effects, treatment, and control of H. pylori co-infection.

We aimed to investigate the factors affecting early and late complications following splenectomy. The potential factors expected to affect postsplenectomy complications included age (≥60 vs. [Med-Science 2022; 11(2.000): 844-8]

This research focuses on determining the effects on the formaldehyde emission (FE) of the middle and edge parts of two different wood-based boards (WBBs) consisting of medium density fiberboard (MDF) and particleboard (PB), which are widely used in interior architecture. Samples with the thicknesses of 18 mm were analyzed for FE at a temperature of 20 °C and 65% relative moisture content for 1, 2 and 3 hours after manufacture. In the PB samples, the highest value of FE (0.4119 ppm) was determined in the samples obtained from the center while the lowest emission value (0.0875) was observed in the samples obtained from the edge. In the MDF samples, the highest value of FE (0.3012 ppm) was determined in the samples from the center while the lowest emission value (0.1807 ppm) was observed in the samples from the edge. The PBs have a higher environmental impact (0.2497 ppm) than the MDFs (0.2454 ppm). For distances to minimum values (0.10 ppm), while the furthest value for the central samples of PB was 311%, the closest value for the edge samples of PB was -12.5%.

This study investigated the effects of varnishes on VOCs emissions from wood-based panels of standard particle panels (PB) and medium density fiber panels (MDF) which are covered by beech veneer and varnished by three different types of varnishes. The highest value was 624,90 ppm for Toluene, while the lowest was 0,30 ppm for Para xylene in respect to the Particleboards which were covered by beech veneered and varnished with cellulosic varnish. However, samples of beech veneered and varnished with synthetic and polyurethane varnishes yielded less gas emission than cellulosic varnish. The samples of MDF, covered with beech veneer and varnished polyurethane varnished yielded gas emission more than the synthetic (100%) and cellulosic varnishes (220%). All values show that gas emission reduces its effect within time in respect to the manufacturing time, after drying period, 15- and 30-days measurements.

This study was carried out to determine the effects of bleaching chemicals and varnishes on the amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the combustion of oriental beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky). For this purpose, samples of Oriental beech prepared according to ASTM D 358 contain 18% R-1 = (NaOH + H2O2), R-2 = (NaOH + Ca(OH)(2) + H2O2), R-3 = (Na2S2O5 + H2C2O4), R-4 = ( NaSiO3 + H2O2), R-5 = (KMnO4 + Na2S2O5 + H2O2) solution groups, after bleaching with solution groups, water based, synthetic, polyurethane and acrylic varnish were applied according to ASTM D 3023 and combustion tests were carried out in accordance with ASTM E 160-50. Gas measurements were made with the SIGMA 74172 NSU flue gas device during the combustion process. As a result, in respect to the burning types; the highest amount of CO2 (ppm) was found in the self-combustion (8.468 ppm) while the lowest was obtained from the flame combustion source (4.599 ppm). In respect to the types of bleaching; the highest in R-5 (7.458 ppm) and the lowest in R-3 (4.059 ppm) were found. According to the varnish types; the highest value was found in the synthetic varnish (8.261), and the lowest value was found in the acrylic varnish (4.772 ppm). According to combustion type + bleaching solution + varnish type interaction, the highest values were found for without flame combustion (II) + R-3 + Sn (18.40 ppm) and lowest for flame source combustion (I) + R-5 + Pu (0.600 ppm). Consequently, the highest values for combustion gases were found in samples of oriental beech wood samples treated with water-based varnish with R-1 solution. According to this, in terms of human health and life safety, possibility of fire in places, R-3 solution and acrylic varnish may be used in the related industries.

This study aims to determine whether there is a relationship between the import and export values of the Turkish furniture industry between 2001-2019 and the number of designs, patents (patent + utility model) and trademark registration received between 2001-2020. For this purpose, the changes in the import and export values of the furniture industry and the number of designs, patents and trademark registrations in the last 20 years have been analysed. From the necessary data has been gathered from sector and working group reports prepared by relevant institutions and the current statistics on the web pages. As a result, in this period, the export values of the furniture industry showed a significant increase trend especially in 2008, 2014 and 2019, while the import values showed a significant decreasing trend especially since 2014. In addition, the number of design registrations has started to increase significantly since 2006 and the number of trademark registrations since 2007. The number of patent registrations has not reached a significant level. These results show that Turkish furniture industry’s export values in the last 20 years and the increasing number of design registrations, patents and trademarks have followed a parallel course and there is a significant relationship between trade numbers and design protection numbers.

Introduction: Thyroid biopsy results are evaluated according to The Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology (TBSRTC) worldwide. The most ambiguous result from these categories is the Bethesda-III which is defined as “atypia of undetermined significance” (AUS). Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is still evaluated in thyroid disorders and malignancy. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the NLR results in Bethesda Categories and whether the NLR can discriminate a clinical benefit for the AUS category. Methods: In this retrospective study, 1771 patients who had fine needle aspiration biopsy(FNAB) were examined. Demographic characteristics, NLR, Bethesda scores, operation rates and postoperative histopathological results were recorded. Results: The categories were; Bethesda-I for 298(16,8%), Bethesda-II for 1320(74,5%), Bethesda-III for 60(3,4%), Bethesda-IV for 27(1,5%), Bethesda-V for 36(2%), Bethesda-VI for 30(1,7%) results respectively. The mean NLR was 2,68. There was no statistically significant difference between groups in terms of NLR(p=0.250). Overall, 226 (12,76%) patients were undergoing thyroidectomy. The AUS group was founded by 3.4%, operation rate was 21,66% and malignancy rate was 23,07%. There was a statistically significant difference between Bethesda scores and malignancy rates(p

Aim: This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of evening primrose oil (EPO) on colonic anastomosis.Methods: Sixty rats with colonic anastomosis were randomly divided into six groups.EPO and 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) were administered at doses of 5 g/kg/day and 20 mg/kg/day, respectively.Group 1 served as sham control.The rats in Group 2 (EPO) received EPO (14 days preoperatively), in Group 3 (Extended EPO) received EPO (14 days preoperatively and 7 days postoperatively), in Group 4 (5-FU) received intraperitoneally 5-FU (5 days preoperatively), in Group 5 (5-FU+EPO) received EPO (14 days preoperatively), and 5-FU (5 days preoperatively), in Group 6 (5-FU+ extended EPO) received EPO (14 days preoperatively and 7 days postoperatively) and 5-FU (5 days preoperatively).Histopathological examination, bursting pressure, and hydroxyproline content were used for evaluation.Results: Significant differences were found between the Groups 1, 2, and 3 and Groups 4, 5, and 6 in bursting pressures.Polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMNL) and lymphocyte infiltration was significantly less in group 3, compared to the control and group 2. The least PMNL infiltration was in group 6 compared to groups 4 and 5.The hydroxyproline level was different in group 3 compared to the control and group 2. Furthermore, groups 5 and 6 were different compared to group 4. Conclusion: EPO had favorable effects on colonic anastomosis even in groups where 5-FU was used.

Bu araştırmada, mobilya üreten işletmelerdeki ahşap ve kompozit panel tozlarının insan sağlığı üzerindeki etkilerinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaca yönelik olarak 20 farklı işletmede toz ölçümleri ve gözlemler yapılmıştır. Tüm işletmelerin toz ölçümleri Kişisel Toz Maruziyet Ölçüm Cihazı (TSI SIDEPAK AM 510) ile yapılmış, ortalaması 1,43 mg/m3, anlık maksimum ölçüm değeri ise 19,46 mg/m3 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Toz değerleri küçük ölçekli işletmelerde 1,89 mg/m3, orta ölçekli işletmelerde 0,96 mg/m3, ağaç işleyen işletmelerde 1,27 mg/m3, kompozit işleyen işletmelerde 1,58 mg/m3 olarak ölçülmüştür. Toza maruz kalma seviyelerinde tekli ve çoklu değişkenlerin (işletme büyüklükleri, işletme türleri, havalandırma sistemleri, kullanılan makineler) çeşitli etkilerinin olduğu gözlenmiştir. Ağaç ve kompozit panel tozlarının içeresindeki kimyasalların bu rahatsızlıklara neden olabileceği düşünülerek, çalışanlara rotasyon uygulanması ve koruyucu önlemlerin alınması gerektiği sonucuna varılmıştır.

This research aims to determine the effects of wood and composite panel dust on human health in furniture producing enterprises. For this aim, dust measurements and observations were conducted in 20 different establishments. Dust measurements of all establishments were made with Personal Dust Exposure Meter (TSI SIDEPAK AM 510). Dust measurement average of all enterprises is 1,43 mg/m3 and instantaneous maximum dust measurement value is determined as 19,46 mg/m3. Dust values were measured as 1,89 mg/m3 in small-scale enterprises, 0,96 mg/m3 in medium-sized enterprises, 1,27 mg/m3 in wood processing enterprises and 1,58 mg/m3 in composite processing enterprises. Single and multiple variables (operating sizes, operating types, ventilation systems, machines used) have various effects on dust exposure levels. Considering that chemicals in wood and composite panel dusts may cause these discomforts, it is concluded that employees should be given rotation and protective measures should be taken. Araştırma makalesi Başvuru: 02/10/2020 Düzeltme: 13/10/2020 Kabul: 23/10/2020

Aim: Most of the patients presenting to the emergency department with an preliminary diagnosis of acute appendicitis (AA) are undergoing standing plain abdominal radiography (SPAR), but SPAR's contribution to the diagnosis of AA is being questioned today. The aim of our study is to evaluate the importance of SPAR in the diagnosis of AA to elucidate this controversial issue. Material and Methods: We evaluated preoperative SPAR findings and pathology results of patients who were operated with the diagnosis of AA between 2014 and 2017 at General Surgery Department of Ordu University Training and Research Hospital. The relationship between the presence/absence of the SPAR findings and the diagnosis of AA were analyzed. Results: 140 (77.8%) of 180 patients who were operated for suspicion of AA underwent SPAR. Of the 105 patients with SPAR findings, 90 (85.7%) had AA and 15 (14.3%) were no. No findings were found in the 35 of patients who underwent SPAR, 25 (71.4%) had AA and 10 (28.6%) did not. There was no statistically significant difference in the diagnosis of AA in patients with and without SPAR findings (p = 0.098). Of the 140 patients undergoing SPAR, 115 (82.1%) had AA, and 25 (17.9%) were no. Of the 40 patients without SPAR, 27 (67.5%) had AA and 13 (32.5%) did not. Whether or not SPAR was performed did not affect the diagnosis of AA (p = 0.07). Conclusion: SPAR rarely helps in diagnosis of AA. SPAR should not be routinely taken to every patient considered AA. If there is another cause of acute abdomen other than AA as a pre-diagnosis in the physician's mind, SPAR may be taken because it is cheap, accessible and easily interpretable.

Objective: The aim of the study is to examine the association between appendix diameter and perforation and to show the significance of appendix diameter in acute appendicitis cases. Method: The data of 286 cases who were older than 18 years of age and who were operated in a tertiary hospital between 2017 and 2018 with a diagnosis of acute appendicitis were examined retrospectively. The patients’ ages, genders, pathology results, appendix diameter at abdominal tomography, white blood cell (WBC) and C-reactive protein (CRP) values were analyzed. The patients were grouped in three as perforated, non-perforated and negative appendectomy group. Results: Of the 286 patients operated with a diagnosis of AA, 166 (58%) were male, while 122 (42%) were female and average age of the patients was 37±16.79 years. Non-perforated group consisted of 194 patients, while perforated group consisted of 56 patients and negative appendectomy group consisted of 36 patients. Average appendix diameter of the patients was 8.84±3.29 mm, while average WBC value was 13071±3726/mm 3 and average CRP value was 3.44±5.15mg/L. When the patients’ appendix diameters and CRP values were compared, statistically significant difference was found between the groups (p<0.001). Average value of white blood cell was the lowest in negative appendectomy group, while it was the highest in perforated group. There was a statistically significant difference between negative appendectomy group and the other two groups in terms of white blood cell (p<0.001). There was a positive correlation between the groups in terms of appendix diameter, white blood cell and CRP (p<0.001). Conclusions: Appendix diameter is important in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis and detection of perforated appendicitis. Appendix diameter is correlated with white blood cell and CRP.

Objective: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers in the world. Fecal occult blood test (FOBT) is easy and commonly used test to its screening. The aim of this study was to investigate the demographic characteristics, hemogram results and endoscopy and outcome status of the patients who underwent FOBT on history and clinical suspicion and to contribute to the literature.Methods: 400 patients who were admitted to the general surgery polyclinic between 01/12/2016 and 12/12/2017 in Ordu University Medical Faculty Training and Research Hospital were evaluated retrospectively. The data of 349 patients who underwent FOBT was reached. Age and sex, hemoglobin, hematocrit, ferritin levels, upper and lower gastrointestinal endoscopy results and pathology results of endoscopic biopsies were recorded.Results: 38 (10.9%) with FOBT (+) and 311 (89.1%) with FOBT (-) of 349 patients were detected. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of the average age (p = 0.27) and gender (p = 0.26). There was a significant difference between the two groups in terms of the rate of upper gastrointestinal endoscopy (p = 0.03). There was a significant difference between the two groups in terms of the rate of colonoscopy (p = 0.001). Malignancy was detected in 22,2% of FOBT (+) and in 1,63% of FOBT (-) group by colonoscopy. There was a statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of disease diagnoses (p = 0.001). There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of Helicobacter Pylori (H. pylori) (p = 0.31) and intestinal metaplasia (p = 0.44). There was a statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of Hb and Htc value (p= 0.05). Conclusion: According to the results of FOBT, the application of endoscopy to the patients who are required, provide to detect the precancerous lesions as well as the malignancies of the upper and lower gastrointestinal tract. Good knowledge of the importance of this test will allow early detection of malignancy.

Background: It was aimed to determine the frequency of Helicobacter pylori (Hp) in patients who were made upper gastrointestinal system endoscopy and antrum biopsy due to dyspeptic complaints and to investigate the relation of Sydney classification criteria with Hp. Materials and Methods: Patients who underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy and taking antrum biopsy for dyspeptic complaints were included in the study between January 2015 and May 2017 at Ordu University Medical Faculty and Ordu State Hospital Endoscopy Units. Biopsy results of the patients were retrospectively analyzed. Results: The number of the patients was 526. 47.7% (n = 251) of the patients were female and 52.3% (n = 275) were male. The mean age of the cases was 53.65 +/- 16.44 years (min 17 -max 93). 68.1% (n: 358) of the patients were Hp positive and 31.9% (n = 168) were Hp negative. In patients; the results of activation (+) in 75.9% (n: 399), intestinal metaplasia in 15.2% (n = 80) (+), glandular atrophy (+) in 8.6% (n = 45) were observed. All biopsies had inflammation. The severity of Inflammation in cases was 47.53% (n = 250) mild, 41.45% (n = 218) moderate, and 11.02% (n = 58) severe. When we evaluate the relationship between inflammation, activation, intestinal metaplasia and glandular atrophy with Hp, it was observed that all the criteria were significantly higher in patients with Hp (+) than Hp (-). There were severe inflammation in 3 (1.78%) of 168 patients with Hp (-) and 55 (15.4%) of 358 patients with Hp (+) (p:0,000). 320 (89.4%) of the 358 patients with Hp (+) and 79 (47%) of the 168 patients with Hp (-) had activation (p:0,000). Intestinal metaplasia was observed in 63 (17.6%) of the 358 patients with Hp (+) and 17 (10.1%) of 168 patients with Hp(-)(p:0,015). Glandular atrophy was observed in 41 (11.45%) of 358 patients with Hp(+) and in 4 (2.38%) of the 168 patients with Hp (-) (p: 0,000). Conclusion: The prevalence of Hp in the community is still high. In patients with Hp (+), activation, inflammation severity, intestinal metaplasia and glandular atrophy rates are higher than those with Hp (-). Intestinal metaplasia and glandular atrophy are precancerous lesions. Early diagnosis and eradication of Hp may prevent the formation of precancerous lesions. Hp eradication can prevent not only stomach cancer but also many stomach diseases at the same time. Early diagnosis and eradication of Hp is important.