BACKGROUND:Benzothiazole has been identified as a potential grain fumigant against Tribolium castaneum, though its insecticidal mechanism requires further investigation. In this study, sixth-instar larvae of T. castaneum were exposed to benzothiazole at LC30 and LC50 concentrations for 24 h. RESULTS:Neither concentration caused sustained inhibition of larval respiratory rate, ATP content, or mitochondrial membrane potential over the 24 h exposure period. RNA-seq analysis identified 392 differentially expressed genes common to both LC30 (50.96 μL L-1) and LC50 (108.86 μL L-1) treatments. Protein-protein interaction analysis of these shared genes revealed three core genes all encoding 4-coumarate-CoA ligase (4CL). In larvae, benzothiazole exposure upregulated genes in pathways related to protein digestion and absorption, juvenile hormone hydrolysis, detoxification and cuticle formation, but downregulated genes in carbohydrate metabolism. Among the key genes involved, UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) participated in multiple enriched pathways and emerged as a common responsive gene family in both T. castaneum and the Dipteran insect Bradysia odoriphaga. RNAi-mediated silencing of UGT2B9, 4CL, or extensin demonstrated that only knockdown of UGT2B9 significantly increased larval susceptibility to benzothiazole. CONCLUSION:These findings provide insights into the potential multifaceted insecticidal action of benzothiazole in T. castaneum at the transcriptomic level and support its further development as a target-specific grain fumigant. © 2026 Society of Chemical Industry.

BACKGROUND:Sclerotium rolfsii is a destructive soil-borne fungal pathogen distributed worldwide. Although n-butylidenephthalide (BP) exhibits strong inhibitory activity against S. rolfsii, its agricultural application is hampered by high volatility and poor water solubility. RESULTS:To address these barriers, a pathogen-triggered delivery system was engineered using tea polyphenol-iron nanocapsules (TP@Fe NCs). The 277 nm core-shell capsules exhibited enhanced thermal stability and specific responsiveness to S. rolfsii, discharging 86.0% of the cargo under 1.0 mm oxalic acid (OA). In vitro assays confirmed superior bioactivity, with TP@Fe NCs exhibiting a significantly lower median lethal concentration (LC50) of 13.34 mg/L compared to 21.53 mg/L for free BP. In glasshouse trials against peanut southern blight, TP@Fe NCs (300 mg/L) achieved a curative efficacy of 74.68%, significantly outperforming free BP (51.30%). Crucially, the formulation demonstrated excellent biosafety. Peanut seedlings treated with 200-300 mg/L TP@Fe NCs showed no phytotoxicity, maintaining emergence rates of 92.69% and normal root/stem development. Furthermore, acute toxicity tests on zebrafish (4.2-5.0 mg/L) revealed that while 5.0 mg/L free BP caused 100% mortality within 48 h, TP@Fe NCs maintained a > 90% survival rate over 96 h. CONCLUSION:This study presents a biorational strategy for precise fungal control and develops an expandable and efficient framework for implementing eco-friendly nanopesticide systems toward sustainable agriculture. © 2026 Society of Chemical Industry.

Biotic stresses (e.g., pests and microbial infections) and abiotic stresses (e.g., drought, low temperature, and salinity) pose dual challenges that severely affect plant growth, yield, and quality, thereby posing a significant risk to global food security. In this study, a pesticide-loaded microcapsule suspension was prepared using the complex coacervation method. After incorporating suitable adjuvants, 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BA), and sodium silicate (Na₂O·nSiO₂), a multifunctional seed treatment agent (A-FS) with fungicidal, growth-promoting, induced resistance, and stress-alleviating properties was developed and applied as a coating to peanut seeds prior to sowing. Under Sclerotium rolfsii stress, A-FS exhibited pH-responsive behavior tailored to the disease onset environment, demonstrating excellent antifungal efficacy. It also significantly enhanced superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) activities, reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and malondialdehyde (MDA) content, and alleviated oxidative damage. Under drought and salt stress, A-FS effectively mitigated stress by maintaining leaf relative water content and enhancing POD activity under drought conditions, and by inducing proline accumulation and enhancing SOD activity under salt stress. Rhizosphere microbiome analysis further revealed that A-FS increased soil bacterial diversity and promoted the enrichment of beneficial bacterial phyla such as Firmicutes and Actinobacteria, thereby enhancing plant resistance at the microecological level. By integrating physiological regulation and rhizosphere microecological interactions, this study preliminarily but systematically elucidates the synergistic mechanism by which this seed treatment technology enhances plant stress tolerance, offering a new technical strategy and theoretical basis for integrated management of soilborne diseases and abiotic stress in peanut.

Peanut stem rot, caused by Sclerotium rolfsii, is a soil-borne disease, which severely threatens global peanut production. At present, the control of this disease mainly depends on the application of chemical fungicides. Despite the recent registration of the DMI fungicide prothioconazole in China, field resistance has rapidly emerged. Evaluating 51 field isolates (with mean EC50 = 1.88 ± 6.13 μg/mL), we found that less sensitive isolates incur fitness costs in mycelial growth but exhibit markedly enhanced sclerotial production. To elucidate the underlying mechanisms, we systematically investigated target-site and non-target-site factors. Gene expression analysis revealed that prothioconazole exposure triggers a dramatic upregulation of CYP51 in less sensitive isolates. Target-site mutations (despite the identification of an I96V mutation in CYP51), altered nuclear counts, and enhanced efflux pump activity (atrB, atrD, and MFS1) may not be the major resistance drivers. These findings demonstrate that CYP51 overexpression is the primary molecular basis for prothioconazole resistance in S. rolfsii. A significant positive correlation was observed between sensitivity to prothioconazole and the DMI fungicides difenoconazole and tebuconazole. Therefore, it is recommended to use prothioconazole in alternation with fungicides that have different modes of action, such as thifluzamide and isopyrazam.

Translating dynamic liquid-liquid phase separation into robust solid-state architectures remains a challenge in materials engineering. Here, we report a composition-driven interfacial assembly strategy that couples supramolecular coacervation with metal-phenolic coordination to engineer tunable fungicide carriers. By modulating the mass ratio between tea polyphenols (TP) and non-ionic surfactants, we generate fluid templates that are kinetically trapped via pH-triggered iron complexation. This one-pot protocol allows for the precise regulation of the micro-to-nano population ratio, effectively addressing the dimensional mismatch between soil retention and systemic uptake. The resulting architecture achieves a functional division: microcapsules function as stationary reservoirs for rhizosphere protection, while nanocapsules act as mobile vectors for systemic curative action. Furthermore, the metal-phenolic shell exhibits pathogen-responsive disassembly upon exposure to fungal virulence factors, including oxalic acid and cellulases secreted by Fusarium pathogens. Validated in a peanut root rot model, this system demonstrates improved spatiotemporal efficacy and reduced aquatic toxicity toward zebrafish compared to commercial formulations. Consequently, this work presents a versatile methodology for structuring dynamic liquid interfaces based on TP-surfactant supramolecular interactions, offering a potent solution for precision agriculture through the controlled solidification of supramolecular assemblies.

BACKGROUND:Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) as a significant oil and economic crop, occupies an important position in world agricultural production. However, it is highly vulnerable to soil-borne fungal diseases that impact the fruit, phylloplane or rhizoplane. Here, seed treatment with physcion (PHY) mixed with thifluzamide (THI) was studied as a simple, accurate, efficient, and low-cost control technology. RESULTS:In vitro and in vivo bioassay results showed that mixtures of PHY and THI at a mass ratio of 2:5 (PHY&THI) exhibited greater efficiency against eight pathogens isolated from the root, stem, and leaf parts of peanuts, compared to individual treatments. This combination not only reduced the disease index or lesion area but also promoted healthier growth, increased photosynthesis, and boosted jasmonic acid (JA), salicylic acid (SA), and lignin levels. Additionally, PHY residues in PHY&THI seed treatment were absorbed more efficiently, and no soil ecological risks to non-target organisms, such as Eisenia fetida (earthworms), were observed. It is worth observing that the highest peanut yield was achieved in field trials. CONCLUSION:The increased translocation and accumulation of PHY residues, along with elevated lignin content and SA/JA levels in peanut tissues, likely contributed to the synergistic antifungal effects observed. These findings will contribute to broad-spectrum disease prevention and a synergistic effect against various peanut pathogens. © 2026 Society of Chemical Industry.

Peanut root rot (PRR), caused by Fusarium solani, is a common and destructive disease. Cyclobutrifluram exhibits antifungal activity against Fusarium spp., yet its bioactivity and resistance risk against F. solani remain unclear. In this study, the EC50 values of cyclobutrifluram against 155 F. solani strains ranged from 0.0279 to 0.1102 μg/mL, with a mean of 0.0513 ± 0.0170 μg/mL. Treatment with cyclobutrifluram significantly inhibited conidial production and germination, reduced succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity, increased hyphal branching, and shortened the distance between septa or cell nuclei. Cyclobutrifluram provided excellent control over PRR. Seven laboratory-generated cyclobutrifluram-resistant mutants showed no or slight fitness penalties and exhibited positive cross-resistance only with pydiflumetofen, indicating a moderate-to-high resistance risk. Resistance to cyclobutrifluram in F. solani was conferred by four SDH substitutions (FsSdhBH248Y, FsSdhC1A83V, FsSdhC2A85V, and FsSdhDD184G), which was confirmed by molecular docking and gene replacement. This study provides crucial insights for developing effective control strategies to manage PRR.

This study focuses on the differences in bioaccumulation and metabolic patterns of seven fungicides between S. rolfsii and its host plant, peanut. The BCF value of the fungicides in S. rolfsii ranging from 0.62 to 2.39, was much lower than that in peanut roots, except for carboxin. Fluopyram exhibited an opposite xylem/phloem translocation ability compared to pyraclostrobin. A total of 19 metabolites were identified. In S. rolfsii, pyraclostrobin and benzovindiflupyr showed the highest metabolic rates. Peanut plants metabolized more than 99.87% of carboxin, while only 4.94% of carboxin was metabolized in S. rolfsii. The metabolic rates of other fungicides in peanut plants were not higher than 5.23%. Carboxin taken up by roots mainly exists in the entire plant as carboxin sulfoxide and oxycarboxin, while absorbed from leaves, oxycarboxin is the main metabolite in the roots and stems. This study would provide important clues for the application of pesticides and the creation of new pesticides.

Peanut Root Rot (PRR) is a devastating disease that significantly limits peanut production worldwide. Although PRR has been frequently reported in Henan Province of China, the predominant Fusarium species and their sensitivity to different fungicides remain unclear. Between 2021 and 2023, we surveyed 81 peanut fields across 17 cities in Henan Province, China, to assess PRR prevalence and Fusarium species distribution. A total of 1131 Fusarium isolates were identified based on the morphological characters and phylogenetic analyses and classified into 11 recognized Fusarium species: F. solani (56.06%), F. oxysporum (20.87%), F. neocosmosporiellum (13.62%), F. proliferatum (4.69%), F. acuminatum (1.33%), F. commune (1.15%), F. graminearum (1.06%), F. pseudograminearum (0.35%), F. ipomoeae (0.35%), F. lacertarum (0.26%), and F. armeniacum (0.26%). Pathogenicity assessments showed that all 11 Fusarium species were capable of causing PRR, with F. solani exhibiting the highest isolation frequency and widespread distribution in all areas. Furthermore, the four Fusarium species (F. solani, F. oxysporum, F. neocosmosporiellum, and F. proliferatum) were highly sensitive to the six fungicides, including prochloraz (EC50 values of 0.02 ± 0.00~0.06 ± 0.01 mg/L), pydiflumetofen (EC50 values of 0.31 ± 0.07~0.67 ± 0.06 mg/L), tetramycin (EC50 values of 0.11 ± 0.02~0.58 ± 0.08 mg/L), tebuconazole (EC50 values of 0.26 ± 0.07~0.65 ± 0.10 mg/L), prothioconazole (EC50 values of 1.14 ± 0.16~3.15 ± 0.81 mg/L), and difenoconazole (EC50 values of 0.62 ± 0.12~3.58 ± 0.76 mg/L). This comprehensive study is the first systematic documentation on the prevalence, virulence, and fungicide sensitivity of PRR pathogens in Henan Province. The findings of the current study will provide a theoretical basis for the effective management of peanut root rot in Henan, China.

Peanut root rot is a common disease worldwide, which can cause serious economic losses to the peanut industry. In 2021, symptoms of peanut root rot were observed in five cities of Henan province, China, i.e., Xinxiang, Puyang, Pingdingshan, Zhumadian, and Nanyang. A total of 22 isolates of Setophoma sp. were obtained from 120 diseased peanut root samples. Based on the morphological characteristics and multilocus phylogenetic analyses with the sequences of ITS, LSU, TUB2, TEF-1a, and RPB2, these fungal isolates were identified as a new species of Setophoma spp., and named as Setophoma henanensis. Through Koch’s postulates, we demonstrated that S. henanensis could cause root rot disease in peanuts. Pathogenicity test revealed that S. henanensis could cause root rot symptoms in four different hosts, including corn, wheat, pepper, and Welsh onion, indicating that this species may have a wide host range. Furthermore, S. henanensis was sensitive to all tested fungicides, including difenoconazole, tetramycin, pyraclostrobin, and carboxin. This is the first report of S. henanensis as a new pathogen of peanut root rot in the world. Furthermore, our findings will also provide a basis for further epidemiological research and the development of control strategies.

Peanut southern blight, caused by Sclerotium rolfsii, is a severe soil-borne disease. Given the adverse effects associated with chemical fungicides, this study investigated the biocontrol potential of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from Bacillus subtilis 0618A. VOCs produced by B. subtilis 0618A at 1 × 108 CFU/mL almost completely inhibited mycelial growth and sclerotia germination. Compared to common fungicides, the VOCs (1 × 108 CFU/mL) effectively penetrated soil (up to 2 cm depth) to inhibit sclerotia germination and enhance key peanut defense enzyme activities (SOD, POD, and PPO). The indoor efficacy of VOCs was 75.28%, which was significantly higher than those of 100 mg/L tebuconazole (62.92%) and 300 mg/L polyoxin (46.07%). VOCs also significantly increased soil bacteria and actinomycetes populations and improved sucrase activity. Furthermore, 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol (2,4-DTBP) was identified as the primary active VOC against S. rolfsii (EC50 = 0.23 μL/L). Both VOCs and 2,4-DTBP could destroy the integrity of the cell wall and cell membrane, reduce mitochondrial membrane potential, block ATP synthesis, and ultimately lead to fungal death.

Peanut stem rot caused by Sclerotium rolfsii is becoming increasingly severe. Although butylidenephthalide exhibits great antifungal activity against S. rolfsii, its appropriate application strategy is unclear. Greenhouse experiments suggested that butylidenephthalide was suitable to be preventatively applied by root drenching at 400 mg/L for three times with an interval of 7 days. In field trials, butylidenephthalide exhibited an efficacy of 51.75% after 21 days and increased the peanut yields by 9.89%. Butylidenephthalide rapidly dissipated in soil and plants (t1/2 = 2.28-3.41 d), with no residues detected in edible peanut kernels or haulms at harvest. Butylidenephthalide showed a strong uptake and accumulation ability in plants from the soil (root concentration factor/bioconcentration factor > 1) and a moderate upward conductivity from roots to the above-ground parts (TFstem+leaf = 0.95). Butylidenephthalide exhibited low earthworm toxicity and stimulated bacterial/actinomycete populations while suppressing fungi in soil. Overall, butylidenephthalide showed a favorable efficacy, no residue risks, and high safety on the soil ecosystem in the control of peanut stem rot.

Our previous study indicated that mefentrifluconazole had a high efficacy in the control of peanut southern blight. However, the soil ecological risks of mefentrifluconazole in peanut fields were largely unknown. In this study, mefentrifluconazole was not readily degraded in soil that 0.1 mg/kg of mefentrifluconazole only degraded by 32.00 % and 35.00 % in sandy soil and clay loam after 60 days. It was also poorly vertically transported in soil that the relative displacement (Rf) values for mefentrifluconazole in both types of soil were 0.25. Moreover, substantial mefentrifluconazole was accumulated at a soil depth of 3-6 cm in both types. Consistent with residue dynamics, mefentrifluconazole had a long-term effect on soil microorganisms and enzymes. After 60 days, soil actinomycetes and bacteria recovered to control levels whereas fungi remained obviously lower than the control. It took at least 45 days for soil enzymes (urease, phosphatase and sucrase) to return to control levels. However, mefentrifluconazole exhibited low toxicity to earthworms. Only 14 days of exposure to 100 mg/kg of mefentrifluconazole resulted in significant weight loss in earthworms. In addition, earthworms showed obvious avoidance behavior toward mefentrifluconazole under natural leaching conditions. Above results suggested that mefentrifluconazole had prolonged effects on soil microorganisms and enzymes but showed low toxicity to earthworms.

BACKGROUND:Peanut, a globally cultivated oilseed crop of significant economic value, faces substantial yield losses due to pod rot disease caused by Fusarium solani. We preliminarily found that prothioconazole had great inhibition activity against F. solani. This study aims to further comprehensively evaluate the application potential of prothioconazole for the control of peanut pod rot from in vitro sensitivity, efficacy, food safety and microbial modulation. RESULTS:Prothioconazole exhibited great antifungal activity against the mycelial growth of F. solani by inhibiting the biosynthesis of ergosterol. The mean EC50 value of prothioconazole against 132 F. solani isolates was 1.35 ± 0.11 mg L-1. The protective efficacy of prothioconazole was higher than curative efficacy on detached peanut pods. Seed dressing with prothioconazole showed great antifungal activity against F. solani and was relatively safe on the germination and emergence of peanuts. However, prothioconazole applied by seed dressing was ineffective in the field. In comparison, spraying of prothioconazole at 720 g a.i./ha on the soil surface around peanut plants three times every 14 days from pegging until full seed could effectively control peanut pod rot (efficacy of 77.04% and 87.49% in 2023 and 2024, respectively) and increased the peanut yield (by 28.03% and 37.21% in 2023 and 2024, respectively). At harvest, the terminal residues of prothioconazole and its metabolite prothioconazole-desthio in soil, shells and kernels of peanuts were below the maximum residue limit (MRL, 0.02 mg/kg), suggesting a low risk to the environment and humans. At the same time, prothioconazole increased the abundance of bacteria and actinomycetes and decreased the number of fungi. CONCLUSION:Overall, due to the high bioactivity, efficacy and safety, prothioconazole has a promising application prospect in controlling Fusarium pod rot. © 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.

BACKGROUND:Peanut stem rot, a destructive soil-borne disease caused by the multinucleate fungus Sclerotium rolfsii, is primarily controlled using the succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHI) fungicide thifluzamide. However, the sensitivity and resistance mechanisms of S. rolfsii to thifluzamide remain unclear. RESULTS:This study determined that thifluzamide exhibits strong inhibitory activity against S. rolfsii with a mean half-maximal effective concentration (EC50) value of 0.046 ± 0.021 μg/mL. Nine stable thifluzamide-resistant mutants were generated through laboratory resistance domestication. Mutants exhibited similar or reduced fitness compared with the parental isolate. Nuclear counts did not differ significantly between resistant mutants and the parental isolate. Gene sequencing, molecular docking, and protoplast transformation analyses revealed that a heterozygous mutation in the SdhD subunit (SdhDH103Y) confers resistance to thifluzamide and other SDHI fungicides in S. rolfsii. CONCLUSION:These findings demonstrate that thifluzamide resistance in S. rolfsii associated with the target mutation SdhDH103Y, rather than with variation in nuclear number. © 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.

BACKGROUNDPeanut stem rot, caused by Sclerotium rolfsii, has become increasingly prevalent in China, leading to significant yield losses in peanut production. To effectively manage peanut stem rot, we assessed the potential application of difenoconazole against peanut stem rot.RESULTSDifenoconazole has a good inhibitory effect on the mycelial growth of S. rolfsii, with half maximal effective concentration (EC50) values ranging from 0.10 to 1.58 mu g/mL and an average of 0.33 +/- 0.02 mu g/mL. Nonetheless, a small percentage of wild-type isolates exhibiting low resistance to difenoconazole were identified in the field. The primary reason for S. rolfsii resistance to difenoconazole was found to be attributed to the overexpression of CYP51. In addition, a small number of resistant isolates also exhibited multidrug resistance through the overexpression of efflux pump genes atrB and atrD. Pot experiments revealed that difenoconazole demonstrated superior protective efficacy against peanut stem rot, with mist spray treatment exhibiting better control efficacy compared to root drench treatment. Specifically, at a concentration of 100 mu g/mL, the protective efficacy of difenoconazole mist spray against peanut stem rot reached 65.24%, which was statistically similar to that of tebuconazole. Furthermore, no significant correlation was observed between sensitivity to difenoconazole and mefentrifluconazole, benzovindiflupyr, boscalid, thifluzamide, carboxin, or picoxystrobin.CONCLUSIONTo delay the emergence of resistant populations, we recommend early-stage application of difenoconazole via spraying for peanut stem rot management, alongside the judicious use of fungicides with no cross-resistance like thifluzamide and boscalid for optimal control. (c) 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.

BACKGROUND Sclerotium rolfsii is a destructive soil-borne fungal pathogen which is distributed worldwide. In previous study, the succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHI) fungicide benzovindiflupyr has been identified for its great antifungal activity against Sclerotium rolfsii. This study is aimed to investigate the resistance risk and mechanism of benzovindiflupyr in Sclerotium rolfsii. RESULTS Eight stable benzovindiflupyr-resistant isolates were generated by fungicide adaptation. Although the obtained eight resistant isolates have a stronger pathogenicity than the parental sensitive isolate, they have a fitness penalty in the mycelial growth and sclerotia formation compared to the parental isolate. A positive cross-resistance existed in the resistant isolates between benzovindiflupyr and thifluzamide, carboxin, boscalid and isopyrazam. Three-point mutations, including SdhBN180D, SdhCQ68E and SdhDH103Y, were identified in the benzovindiflupyr-resistant isolates. However, molecular docking analysis indicated that only SdhDH103Y could influence the sensitivity of Sclerotium rolfsii to benzovindiflupyr. After mycelial co-incubation of resistant isolates and the sensitive isolate, resistance genes may be transmitted to the sensitive isolate. The in vivo efficacy of benzovindiflupyr and thifluzamide against benzovindiflupyr-resistant isolates was a little lower than that against the sensitive isolate but with no significant difference. CONCLUSION The results suggested a low to medium resistance risk of Sclerotium rolfsii to benzovindiflupyr. However, once resistance occurs, it is possible to spread in the population of Sclerotium rolfsii. This study is helpful to understanding the risk and mechanism of resistance to benzovindiflupyr in multinucleate pathogens such as Sclerotium rolfsii.

Peanut southern blight, caused by the soil-borne pathogen Sclerotium rolfsii, is a widespread and devastating epidemic. Frequently, it is laborious to effectively control by labor-intensive foliar sprays of agrochemicals due to untimely find. In the present study, seed treatment with physcion (PHY) at doses of 0.08, 0.16, and 0.32 g AI kg-1 seed significantly improved the growth and photosynthetic activity of peanuts. Furthermore, PHY seed treatment resulted in an elevated enzymatic activity of key enzymes in peanut roots, including peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, polyphenol oxidase, catalase, lipoxygenase, and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, as well as an increase in callus accumulation and lignin synthesis at the infection site, ultimately enhancing the root activity. This study revealed that PHY seed treatment could promote the accumulation of reactive oxygen species, salicylic acid (SA), and jasmonic acid (JA)/ethylene (ET) in peanut roots, while also decreasing the content of malondialdehyde levels in response to S. rolfsii infection. The results were further confirmed by transcriptome data and metabolomics. These findings suggest that PHY seed treatment activates the plant defense pathways mediated by SA and JA/ET in peanut roots, enhancing the resistance of peanut plants to S. rolfsii. In short, PHY is expected to be developed into a new plant-derived immunostimulant or fungicide to increase the options and means for peanut disease control.

Peanut southern blight is a fungal disease which is caused by the pathgen Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc., and seriously restricts the quality and yield of peanut. In this study, 116 strains of actinomycetes were isolated and purified from rhizosphere soil of Achyranthes bidentata by dilution coating method, and the strains that can control peanut southern blight were screened and identified. Two strains, Soil-1-5 and Soil-3-28, with good and stable antifungal activity, were screened by the plate confrontation test, and their inhibition rates were 92.34% and 80.43%, respectively. Morphological observation, physiological and biochemical tests and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis identified strains Soil-1-5 and Soil-3-28 as Streptomyces scabiei and Streptomyces luteogriseus, respectively. The inhibition of aseptic fermentation filtrate of antagonistic strains on plant pathogens was measured by mycelium growth rate method. The results showed that after 5 times dilution of aseptic fermentation filtrate of strains Soil-1-5 and Soil-3-28, the inhibit rates of S. rolfsii were 73.67% and 57.11%, respectively, and the two strains had different degrees of inhibition effects on the six plant pathogens including Fusarium graminearum. In addition, the two strains of aseptic fermentation filtrate also had good antagonistic effects on the sclerotinia germination and sclerotinia formation. The results of pot experiment showed that the control effects of strain Soil-1-5 and Soil-3-28 on peanut white silk disease were 51.92% and 31.74%, respectively, and strain Soil-3-28 could promote the growth of peanut. In conclusion, strains Soil-1-5 and Soil-3-28 had better control efficacy on peanut southern blight, and had potential application value.