To determine if olfaction could be reliably measured in young children, we tested 114 normal children, ages 4-10 years. We used 41 microfragrance (“scratch ‘n’ sniff”) cards, and photographs to depict the test substances. The cards were randomized into 41 blocks of five. Each subject was scored on 5 trials of one block of five odorants, and identified each odorant by selecting one of the photographs. Children ages 4-5 identified 10, children ages 5-6 identified 13, and children ages 8-10 identified 22 of the odorants correctly more than 70% of the time. We then selected 5 of the more frequently recognized odorants and tested 175 additional children. The odorants were candy cane, fish, baby powder, bubble gum, and orange. We also administered the Peabody Picture Vocabulatory Test-Revised to determine the relationship, if any, between olfactory scores and general intellectual ability. Children between the ages of 3 6/12 and 4 years had only 68% correct. By age 5, the percent correct had reached a plateau of 93%. An adult with Kallmann syndrome (hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and anosmia) had only 24% correct. There was no relationship between the Peabody Test scores and percent correct on the olfactory test. In conclusion, we have developed an olfactory test for evaluating young children. The improvement in olfactory scores with age may be due to maturation of the olfactory process rather than intellectual development.