Mononuclear platinum(II) complexes with 5,7-methyl-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine (dmtp) of the general formula cis-[Pt(X)2(dmtp)2], where X -acetate (1), trichloroacetate (2), trifluoroacetate (3), nitrate (4) have been synthesized and characterized by multinuclear magnetic resonance (1H, 13C, 15N, 195Pt) and infrared spectroscopy methods. Spectroscopic parameters indicated the presence of the PtO2N2 chromophore system with two monodentate N(3)-bonded 5,7-methyl-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines, and two monodentate O-donor li-gands (carboxylate or nitrate).A cytotoxicity assay of hydrophilic platinum(II) complexes (1-4) against three human tumour cell lines A549 (non-small cell lung carcinoma), T47D (breast cancer), HT-29 (colon adenocarcinoma), and normal murine embryonic fibroblast cells (BALB/3T3) was performed.Considering the cytotoxic parameters of the studied complexes, the best in vitro results against the human breast tumour cells (T47D) were found for cis-[Pt(OOCCCl3)2(dmtp)2] although all the tested complexes (except complex (4)) exhibited moderate in vitro activity.

Six novel platinum(II) complexes containing purine-mimetic ligands (5,7-dimethyl-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine (dmtp), 7-isobutyl-5-methyl-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine (ibmtp), 5,7-ditertbutyl-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine (dbtp)) and dicarboxylato ligands (glutarato (glut) or cyclobutane-1,1-dicarboxylato (CBDC)) have been prepared and characterized with multinuclear magnetic resonance (1H, 13C, 15N, 195Pt) NMR, infrared (IR) and X-ray crystallography. Spectroscopic data in solid state and in solution unambiguously confirm the square-planar geometry of Pt(II) with two monodentate N3-bonded 5,7-disubstituted-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine ligands and one O-chelating dicarboxylato ligand. Next, the effect of all the platinum(II) compounds on the viability of normal or cancer cells and their putative mechanisms of action have been investigated. Of the studied platinum(II) complexes, two ([Pt(glut)(dbtp)2] and [Pt(CBDC)(dbtp)2]) overcame the cisplatin resistance in human ovarian tumor cells (A2780cis or OVCAR-3) and arrested the cell cycle at S phase in mice mammary gland cancer cells (4T1), which indicates a mechanism of action different from that of cisplatin. Interestingly, preliminary in vivo toxicity assays revealed that both compounds tested in mice ([Pt(glut)(dbtp)2] 3 and [Pt(CBDC)(dbtp)2] 6) were less toxic in vivo than cisplatin or oxaliplatin. Additionally, compound 6 did not cause myelosuppression and showed over fivefold less accumulation in the liver than its glutarato analog 3.

The reaction of silver acetate with cis-[PtI2(dbtp)(2)], where dbtp = 5,7-ditertbutyl-1,2,4-triazolo-[1,5-a] pyrimidine, yielded cis-[Pt(OOCCH3)(2)(dbtp)(2)]center dot dmf (1). The complex has been analyzed by multinuclear magnetic resonance (H-1, C-13, N-15), IR, and Raman. The compound formed two rotamers in CDCl3 and its spatial structures have been optimized using computational calculation. It was found that head-to-tail rotamer (1a) is more stable than its head-to-head counterpart (1b). In vitro antiproliferative activity against four tumor cell lines (A549, T47D, FaDu, and A2780cis) revealed in all cases significant cytotoxicity (IC50 = 0.26-1.80 mu M), possessing IC50 values at least fivefold lower than cisplatin, carboplatin, and oxaliplatin (except A2780cis). The remarkable in vitro activity against T47D and A2780cis suggested the ability to overcome cisplatin resistance in these types of tumor cells. In addition, in vitro toxicity was evaluated against BALB/3T3 and has shown that the lipophilic platinum(II) complex (1) inhibits cell proliferation weaker than cisplatin and oxaliplatin. Additionally, cis-[Pt(OOCCH3)(2)(dbtp)(2)]center dot dmf exhibited selective activity, in contrast to cisplatin or oxaliplatin.

A series of malonate (mal) platinum(II) complexes of the general formula [Pt(mal)(L)2], where L=5,7-dimethyl-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine (dmtp) (1), 7-isobutyl-5-methyl-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine (ibmtp) (2) or 5,7-ditertbutyl-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine (dbtp) (3), has been prepared and characterized using multinuclear (1H, 13C, 15N, 195Pt) NMR, IR and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESIMS). Furthermore, the crystal structures of [Pt(mal)(dmtp)2]∙4H2O (1a) and [Pt(mal)(dbtp)2]∙CHCl3 (3a) have been determined using single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The spectroscopic characterization unambiguously confirmed the square-planar geometry of Pt(II) with two monodentate N3-bonded 5,7-disubstituted-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines and one O-chelating malonate. The antiproliferative activities of the compounds against the human cell lines T47D (cisplatin-resistant human ductal breast epithelial tumor cell line) and A549 (lung adenocarcinoma epithelial cell line) and the mouse cell line 4T1 (mouse breast tumor model) were assessed using an in vitro screening assay. Compounds (2) and (3) exhibited substantial antigrowth properties against T47D cells, whereas only (3) exhibited an IC50 value that was lower than cisplatin and carboplatin against the 4T1 cell line. Additionally, compounds (2, 3) are capable of arresting the cell cycle of A549 cells at the G0/G1 phase, whereas cisplatin and carboplatin arrested the cells at the G2/M phase, indicating differences in the mechanism of the suppression of tumor cell growth. Finally, in the quest for low toxicity platinum drugs, the in vitro antiproliferative activity against normal mouse fibroblast cells (BALB/3T3) was evaluated. The inhibition of BALB/3T3 cell proliferation by the evaluated Pt(II) complexes increased in the order (1)<(2)<<carboplatin<<(3)<cisplatin.

Mononuclear, square-planar platinum(II) complexes having general formula cis-[PtI2(L)2], where L=7-isobutyl-5methyl-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine (ibmtp) (1), 5,7-diethyl-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine (detp) (2), 5,6,7-trimethyl-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine (tmtp) (3) and 5-methyl-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-7(4H)-one (HmtpO) (4) have been synthesized and characterized by infrared and multinuclear magnetic resonance (1H, 13C, 15N, 195Pt) spectroscopy. The solid-state structure of cis-[PtI2(dptp)2]·2dmf (5) has been determined by X-ray diffraction method. X-ray structure and spectroscopical parameters revealed that the heterocyclic ligands are coordinated to platinum(II) ion via N(3).

Reaction of cis-[PtI2(dmtp)2] (where dmtp – 5,7-dimethyl-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine) with silver hexafluoroglutarate [Ag2(C5F6O4)] yielded new complex [Pt(C5F6O4)(dmtp)2]·2H2O. The platinum(II) complex has been characterized by 1H, 19F NMR and IR. In additional, kinetics of its hydrolysis and antiproliferative activity in vitro against three cell lines (A549 human non small cell lung carcinoma; A375.S2 human melanoma and mouse B16 melanoma tumors) has been studied.