The Nupix-R1 is a prototype Monolithic Active Pixel Sensor designed for the Electron -ion collider in China. It consists of 128 rows x 128 columns of square pixels with a pitch of 26.3 mu m. Since it is implemented in a 130 nm commercial triple -well process, the in -pixel circuit contains only NMOS transistors. The Nupix-R1 can simultaneously measure the energy, arrival time and position of particle hits. In addition, it can also record only the hit positions with a novel zero -compression scheme to increase the readout speed and reduce the data volume. This paper will discuss the design of the Nupix-R1 sensor.

With the increasing demands of lower RC and higher interconnect density in scaling technology, an accurate electromigration (EM) reliability modeling without sacrificing lifetime performance becomes crucial. In this work, an efficient multi-link EM pattern was proposed to have a better understanding of fabrication defects and low-percentile EM reliability modeling in the dual-damascene process. Without collecting over thousand samples, the proposed multi-link EM patterns successfully validated lognormal based 3-parameter (t50, sigma and X0) at <1% lifetime extrapolation based on weakest link statistics. The improved lifetime and higher current density, achieved through an efficient stress sampling plan to meet EM reliability specifications, highlights the significance of an accurate low-percentile EM reliability model with a multi-link structure to enable transistor scaling in back-end-of-line (BEOL) process innovations.

Dental caries is a common disease affecting quality of life globally. In the present study, we found that a bacteriophage lysin LysP53 against Acinetobacter baumannii possesses selective activity on Streptococcus mutans, the main etiological agent of dental caries, even in low pH caries microenvironments, whereas only minor LysP53 activity was detected against Streptococcus sanguinis, Streptococcus oralis, and Streptococcus mitis. Testing activity against S. mutans planktonic cells showed that 4 μM LysP53 could kill more than 84% of S. mutans within 1 min in buffer with optimal pHs ranging from 4.0 to 6.5. Daily application of LysP53 on biofilms formed in BHI medium supplemented or not with sucrose could reduce exopolysaccharides, expression of genes related to acid resistance and adhesion, and the number of live bacteria in the biofilms. LysP53 treatment also showed similar effects as 0.12% chlorhexidine in preventing enamel demineralization due to S. mutans biofilms, as well as effective removal of S. mutans colonization of tooth surfaces in mice without observed toxic effects. Because of its selective activity against main cariogenic bacteria and good activity in low pH caries microenvironments, it is advantageous to use LysP53 as an active agent for preventing caries.

The High Intensity heavy-ion Accelerator Facility (HIAF) is being constructed to generate intense beams of primary and radioactive ion for a wide range of research fields. Hence, a Monolithic Active Pixel Sensor (MAPS) named Nupix-A2 has been developed in a 130-nm High Resistivity CMOS process. The Nupix-A2 can simultaneously measure the particle hit' energy, arrival time, and position. It consists of a 128 × 128 pixel array, a digital-to-analog converter array, and a digital control module. The Nupix-A2 can measure energy deposition from 300 e- to over 50 ke- and time duration from 13 μs to 140 μs. This sensor also offers full readout mode and fast readout mode. In full-readout mode, all pixels measure arrival time and energy, suitable for real-time beam monitoring and image reconstruction. In fast-readout mode, only particle hit's positions are detected and read out. This paper presents the design of the Nupix-A2.

How to ensure water safety and clean water supply is a problem that cannot be ignored in modern industrialized society. However, due to the rapid urbanization, the content of heavy metal ions, antibiotics and organic pollutants in the water have increased. Water pollution has become a global problem. Therefore, how to efficiently carry out water treatment has become an urgent problem to be solved. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are new porous materials with three-dimensional crystal structure, which are composed of metal ions and organic ligands. MOFs have controllable pore size, abundant adsorptive sites, a large number of active sites, so they have great application prospects in the field of water treatment. However, the water stability of general pure MOFs is relatively poor because water molecules attack the coordination bonds between metal ions and organic ligands in MOFs. Based on this theory, by modifying pure MOFs, the binding energy between metal and ligand increases, which can effectively protect the structure of MOFs. In this paper, metal ion modification, polymer modification, inorganic nonmetallic modification and functional group modification of MOFs are reviewed to remove heavy metal ions, antibiotics, and organic pollutants from water.

EMPIX2 is a novel hybrid pixel detector readout ASIC for electron microscopy with a maximum frame rate of 100 kfps and a very large dynamic range (5 x 10(5):1). It features 128 x 128 square pixels at a pitch of 150 mu m. Adaptive gain switching and charge pump technology are applied to enhance the dynamic range. The pixels can operate in two modes: pulse mode and continuous mode. In pulse mode, ultra-fast gain switching enables a rapid response to pulsed electron sources, making it highly suitable for UEM applications. In continuous mode, the power consumption and dynamic range are optimized for STEM applications. The readout is frame-based, and digital image data is output by 64 pairs of LVDS drivers working in DDR mode at a clock frequency of 400 MHz. A dedicated data acquisition system was developed for the transmission and processing of the image data. Preliminary verification of the readout chip was performed using an on-chip calibration source.

Small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a recalcitrant malignancy. Despite immunochemotherapy showed promise with a 2-month overall survival (OS) benefits in extensive-stage SCLC (ES-SCLC), improving long-term survival remains an unmet need. Limited benefit might attribute to the complicated SCLC microenvironment, which is characterized by immunosuppression, angiogenesis and vascularization. Tumor microenvironment reprogramming and tumor vessel normalization could promote immune cell infiltration, obtaining synergistic effects with immunotherapy.

It has been known that bulk La0.6Ca0.4MnO3 is an intermediate material of the first- and second-order characters with the tricritical-point exponents, and the doping of a metal ion in it usually causes a continuous second-order transition. The present work reports the re-entrance of a discontinuous first-order transition in orthorhombic La0.6-xYxCa0.4MnO3 (x = 0.03-0.09) compounds. This enhances the magnetocaloric effect. For the field H = 30 kOe, the maximum magnetic-entropy change (vertical bar Delta S-max vertical bar) and relative cooling power (RCP) have been evaluated being about 5.45-6.3 J/kg.K and 130-185 J/kg, respectively. If combining these compounds as refrigerant blocks in a rotary ring model, a magnetic cooling device can operate at temperatures T = 85-280 K, with (vertical bar Delta S-max vertical bar) approximate to 5.5 J/kg.K and RCP approximate to N 1073 J/kg. Aside from the re-entranced first-order phase transition, the magnetization and structural analyses have proved the enhanced magnetocaloric effect in La0.6-xYxCa0.4MnO3 related to a Griffiths singularity, and local Jahn-Teller distortions of the pemvskite structure (since the Mn3+/Mn4+ ratio and orthorhombic structural phase are unchanged vs. x).

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) technology was combined with nanotechnology to detect the Raman intensity of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in saliva and of three kinds of populations (healthy volunteers, patients with gingivitis, and patients with periodontitis). The Raman intensities of IL-1β and TNF-α in the saliva of the periodontitis group were significantly higher than those of the control and gingivitis groups (P = 0.00). The Raman intensities of the two inflammatory factors in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of the periodontitis group were also significantly higher than those of the other two groups (P = 0.00). In the same group, the Raman intensities of IL-1β and TNF-α showed no significant difference between the saliva and GCF samples, respectively (P > 0.05). Combining SERS technology and nanotechnology can aid in detecting the Raman intensity of inflammatory factors using saliva and GCF more effectively than traditional methods.