The trade‐offs in plant root traits significantly influence the adaptation and community dynamics in heterogeneous habitats. However, the role of inter‐ and intraspecific root trait variation in the adaptation of pioneer plants in stressed mine tailings is poorly understood. We assessed root morphological and chemical traits of 16 dominant species from unexploited forest sites adjacent to rare earth elements (REEs) mine tailings, and three pioneer species ( Miscanthus sinensis , Dicranopteris linearis and Pinus massoniana ) across a gradient of soil stress—including REEs toxicity, nutrient deficiency and compaction—from forest to REEs tailings. In the two‐dimensional root economics space (RES), the contents of cellulose, hemicellulose and silicon were coaxial with the collaboration gradients (‘do‐it‐yourself’–‘outsourcing’) and inversely related to fine root diameter. Meanwhile, root REEs content aligned with conservation gradients (‘fast’–‘slow’), indicating a slow strategy. Interspecific variations did not show a distinct strategy preference for pioneer species compared with non‐pioneer plants. However, notable intraspecific variations were observed, particularly in stress‐related traits, such as root N content, C:N ratio and REEs content, which exceeded interspecific variations. All three pioneer species exhibited a shift towards ‘slow’ strategies, while P. massoniana also transitioned towards ‘do‐it‐yourself’ strategies, driven by increased soil bulk density, elevated bioavailable REEs content, and reduced soil carbon and nutrient levels in the tailings. Synthesis and applications . Our findings highlight the pivotal role of root chemical traits and intraspecific plasticity in facilitating the adaptation of pioneer plants to extreme REE tailing environments. The observed shifts towards stress‐tolerant ‘slow’ strategies and ‘do‐it‐yourself’ nutrient acquisition provide a trait‐based framework for advancing phytoremediation in the ecological restoration of degraded mine tailings, such as informing plant species selection.

m6A writer and eraser mutants exhibit contrasting stress-dependent responses, highlighting that m6A-mediated regulation modulates plant stress responses in a stress-type-specific manner. N6-methyladenosine (m⁶A) is the most prevalent internal RNA modification in eukaryotic mRNAs and plays important roles in plant development and abiotic stress responses. However, how distinct m⁶A regulatory components contribute to stress adaptation under a unified experimental framework remains incompletely understood. Here, we performed a comparative analysis of Arabidopsis thaliana loss-of-function mutants of core m⁶A regulators, including m6A methyltransferase (writer) mutants (atfip37-2 and atmtb) and m6A demethylase (eraser) mutants (atalkbh9b-1 and atalkbh10b), using parallel phenotypic, physiological, molecular, and transcriptomic approaches under matched conditions. Under normal growth conditions, all mutants exhibited reduced primary root length, lower fresh weight, and delayed flowering compared with wild-type plants. Under stress treatments, all mutants were more growth-compromised than the wild type, but the magnitude of inhibition differed among regulatory classes in a stress-type-dependent manner: writer mutants exhibited comparatively less overall growth inhibition than eraser mutants under mannitol-based osmotic stress, whereas eraser mutants showed comparatively milder growth inhibition than writer mutants under NaCl treatment. Transcript stability assays further suggested that disruption of m⁶A regulatory components is associated with altered stability of selected stress-responsive transcripts, including genes involved in ABA biosynthesis and signaling. Together, these results provide a comparative genetic framework linking m⁶A regulatory perturbation to drought- and salt-related responses and support a context-dependent role for post-transcriptional regulation in plant stress adaptation.

Archaic introgression introduced functionally relevant variants into modern humans, yet small-scale insertions remain understudied. Here, we leverage 2519 modern human genomes and four high-coverage archaic hominin genomes to systematically characterize nuclear mitochondrial DNA segments (NUMTs). We uncover 483 polymorphic NUMTs across globally diverse human populations and 10 in archaic genomes. By combining overlap with Neanderthal-derived and Denisovan-derived haplotypes, phylogenetic analyses, insertion time estimates, and haplotype colocalization, we identify five NUMTs introduced into modern humans via archaic hominin introgression. Functional analyses reveal that introgressed NUMTs can modulate gene expression, including allele-specific up-regulation of the immune-related gene RASGRP3, and reshape three-dimensional chromatin structure at loci such as SCD5 and HNRNPD. These findings highlight an underappreciated mechanism by which archaic mitochondrial fragments shape nuclear genome function and evolution. Our study reframes NUMTs not as passive genomic fossils but as dynamic elements influencing modern human diversity and adaptation.

As covalently closed non-coding RNAs, circular RNAs (circRNAs) play important roles in microRNA (miRNA) function regulation. To identify sorghum circRNAs and investigate functional roles they play in salt tolerance, high throughput transcriptome sequencing was performed for a salt-tolerant sorghum genotype M-81E and one salt-sensitive sorghum genotype Roma. Comparative analysis identified 87 significantly differentially expressed circRNAs (DEcircRNAs) in M-81E, of which 27 were up-regulated and 60 down-regulated. In contrast, 22 up-regulated and 62 down-regulated DEcircRNAs were identified in Roma. Competing endogenous RNA (ceRNAs) network construction identified different networks in M-81E and Roma, suggesting different circRNA-miRNA-mRNA regulatory modules in response to salt stress in the two genotypes. We then studied the functions of two circRNAs, circRNA1562 and circRNA910, from M-81E that participated in network regulation. Both transgenic plants overexpressing these two circRNAs showed increased tolerance against oxidant and ion stress caused by salt treatment. Expression patterns of these genes suggest a role of circRNA1562 in regulating the expression of SbOXS3 by competitively binding sbi-MIR399i-p5, whereas circRNA910 may be involved in regulating SbIBH1 expression by competitively binding to PC-3p-23854_516, suggesting a role of circRNAs as miRNA “sponge” by increasing target gene expression and decreasing the ROS content, so as to enhance tolerance against salt stress. Together, our work reveals the potential molecular mechanism of circRNAs in response to salt stress and provides important information for crop breeding.

Genome-wide studies have identified the nuclear gene EPAS1 and the mitochondrial M9a haplogroup as pivotal contributors to hypoxia adaptation in Tibetans. However, the interaction between these two genetic components is not yet clear. In this study, we demonstrate that cells harboring the Tibetan-specific M9a haplogroup with downregulated EPAS1 (M9a+shEPAS1) exhibit enhanced cellular function under hypoxic conditions. These cells display improved mitochondrial function and proliferation, alongside reduced apoptosis and mtDNA-mediated inflammation, driven by the activation of HIF-1α-BNIP3/NIX-mediated mitophagy and an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. Furthermore, treatment with N-acetylcysteine (NAC), PX-478, or Mdivi-1 significantly attenuated BNIP3/NIX-mediated mitophagy, leading to an aggravation of mtDNA-mediated inflammation and apoptosis in M9a+shEPAS1 cells during hypoxia. This study first reveals that ROS-driven HIF-1α-BNIP3/NIX-mediated mitophagy mitigates hypoxia-induced inflammation and apoptosis, contributing to the enhanced hypoxia adaptation observed in Tibetans. HIF-1α-BNIP3/NIX-mediated mitophagy may offer potential therapeutic targets for high-altitude illnesses by regulating cellular energy metabolism and inflammation.

The Baima is one of the oldest Chinese ethnic populations.Lines of historical and cultural evidence indicated close relationships between the Baima population and Tibetan Plateau related populations,however,there was little investigation on genetics.In this study,we collected 49 individuals from the Baima population and sequenced the mitochondrial DNA genomes.We conducted principal component analysis of the mitochondrial DNA haplogroup data of a total of 5676 individuals from 95 Asian populations,including the Baima population.As a result,the Baima population was closest to the Tibetan Plateau related populations,indicating a close genetic relationship between the Baima population and the Tibetan Plateau related populations.Subsequent analysis of sequence polymorphism across 18 populations(including Baima,Tibetan Plateau related populations and Han Chinese)showed the lowest genetic diversity in the Baima population,which is significantly lower than those of Tibetan Plateau related populations and Han Chinese.In addition,we identified six major sub-haplogroups(frequency＞4％)among the Baima people(A21,D4j1a1,D4b2b+T3398C+A390G+A15613G,M9a1a2,M62b1a,and D5b1b).We constructed median-joining networks and estimated the coalescence times of the most recent common ancestors of these six haplogroups.We found that three out of six principal haplogroups of the Baima showed a close genetic relationship with specific lineages of Tibetan Plateau related populations,and four of the six major haplogroups originated after the advent of the Neolithic.Thus,we concluded that the Baima population has a close relationship with the Tibetan Plateau related populations and the formation of the Baima population may be associated with the development of agriculture after the advent of the Neolithic due to the increased human activity on the Tibetan Plateau and in the surrounding areas.

The accumulation of Cd by rice poses significant health risks. Foliar fertilization with Zn can reduce grain Cd contents in rice grown in Cd-contaminated soils. However, atmospheric deposition on leaves is another vector of Cd contamination, and it remains unclear how Zn application affects the allocation of such Cd. We conducted an experiment where the flag leaves of rice plants were treated with solutions with various Zn concentrations and a constant Cd concentration. The 111Cd stable isotope was used to trace the flux of foliar-applied Cd. Higher levels of foliar-applied Zn enhanced Cd efflux and grain allocation. This is attributed to limited sequestration of foliar-applied Cd in the leaf cell symplasm and increased Cd desorption from leaf cell walls when a high Zn2+ concentration occurs in the apoplast. Nonionic Zn oxide nanoparticles mitigated these effects. Additionally, the expressions of OsLCT1 and OsZIP7 in flag leaves and OsHMA2 and OsZIP7 in the uppermost nodes were upregulated under high-Zn2+ treatment, which may facilitate Cd phloem loading and grain allocation. Caution is advised in using foliar Zn in areas with high atmospheric Cd due to potential grain-contamination risks.

Abstract An increasing number of studies have shown how feedback interactions between plants and soil can influence primary and secondary succession. However, very little is known about the patterns and mechanisms of such plant–soil feedbacks on stressed mine tailings ecosystem, which can be severely contaminated by a range of toxic elements. In a two‐phase plant–soil feedback experiment based on the rare earth element (REE) mine tailing soil, we investigated biotic (changes in bacterial and fungal communities) and abiotic (changes in chemical properties) legacies of three pioneer grass species, and examined feedback effects of three grasses, two legumes and two woody plants with different root traits. Positive plant–soil feedbacks were found in Miscanthus sinensis, Paspalum thunbergii and Tephrosia candida, and neutral feedbacks were observed in the other four plants. These effects corresponded with an increase in nutrients and total organic carbon, as well as a decrease in acidity and extractable aluminium and REEs. There were less signs of biotic changes in the conditioned tailings. The correlation analysis suggested a relationship between plants' responses to soil legacies and root traits, as well as root economics spectrum. On the mine tailings, acquisitive species with higher specific root length appeared to have greater potential for positive feedback. Synthesis and application. Our study shows that early succession on contaminated rare earth element mine tailings may lead to more positive plant–soil feedback than predicted based on results of non‐contaminated soils, mainly due to the alleviation of abiotic stress in tailings. Therefore, the improvement of specific abiotic soil stress and the trait‐based selection of acquisitive plants should be preferentially considered to promote the primary restoration of degraded land.

Modern humans have experienced explosive population growth in the past thousand years. We hypothesized that recent human populations have inhabited environments with relaxation of selective constraints, possibly due to the more abundant food supply after the Last Glacial Maximum. The ratio of nonsynonymous to synonymous mutations (N/S ratio) is a useful and common statistic for measuring selective constraints. In this study, we reconstructed a high-resolution phylogenetic tree using a total of 26,419 East Eurasian mitochondrial DNA genomes, which were further classified into expansion and nonexpansion groups on the basis of the frequencies of their founder lineages. We observed a much higher N/S ratio in the expansion group, especially for nonsynonymous mutations with moderately deleterious effects, indicating a weaker effect of purifying selection in the expanded clades. However, this observation on N/S ratio was unlikely in computer simulations where all individuals were under the same selective constraints. Thus, we argue that the expanded populations were subjected to weaker selective constraints than the nonexpanded populations were. The mildly deleterious mutations were retained during population expansion, which could have a profound impact on present-day disease patterns.

N 6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification is a crucial and widespread molecular mechanism governing plant development and stress tolerance. The specific impact of m6A regulation on plants with inherently high salt tolerance remains unclear. Existing research primarily focuses on the overexpression or knockout of individual writer or eraser components to alter m6A levels. However, a comprehensive study simultaneously altering overall m6A modification levels within the same experiment is lacking. Such an investigation is essential to determine whether opposing changes in m6A modification levels exert entirely different effects on plant salt tolerance. In this study, we identified the major writer member mRNA adenosine methylase A (SbMTA) in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) as critical for sorghum survival. The sbmta mutant exhibits a phenotype characterized by reduced overall m6A, developmental arrest, and, ultimately, lethality. Overexpression of SbMTA increased m6A levels and salt tolerance, while overexpression of the m6A eraser alkylated DNA repair protein AlkB homolog 10B (SbALKBH10B) in sorghum showed the opposite phenotype. Comparative analyses between sorghum with different m6A levels reveal that SbMTA- and SbALKBH10B-mediated m6A alterations significantly impact the stability and expression levels of genes related to the abscisic acid signaling pathway and growth under salt stress. In summary, this study unveils the intricate relationship between m6A modifications and salt tolerance in sorghum, providing valuable insights into how m6A modification levels on specific transcripts influence responses to salt stress.

Since plants are sessile organisms, they are inevitably exposed to various environmental stresses, and the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) could affect the growth and development of plants. ROS play either positive or negative roles in various plant life activities as a two-edge sword. Class III peroxidase (CIII PRX) is a highly conserved antioxidant enzyme family specifically identified in plants, which is involved in maintaining ROS homeostasis in the cell and plays multiple functions in plant growth metabolism and stress response. In this review, the classification and structure of CIII PRXs are represented, and the roles of CIII PRXs in physiological and developmental processes such as plant growth, cell wall modification, loosening and stiffening, and lignin biosynthesis are described in detail. The molecular mechanisms of CIII PRXs in response to abiotic stress such as salt and drought, and biological stress such as pathogens invasion are introduced, with emphasis on the research results of PRX related genes in signal transduction. Furthermore, we summarize the difficulty in exploring the function of individual CIII PRX gene due to functional redundancy and promising technique that may break this research bottleneck.

Mitochondria play a key role in lipid metabolism,and mitochondrial DNA(mtDNA)mutations are thus considered to affect obesity susceptibility by altering oxidative phosphorylation and mitochondrial function.In this study,we investigate mtDNA variants that may affect obesity risk in 2877 Han Chinese individuals from 3 independent populations.The association analysis of 16 basal mtDNA haplogroups with body mass index,waist circumference,and waist-to-hip ratio reveals that only haplogroup M7 is significantly negatively correlated with all three adiposity-related anthropometric traits in the overall cohort,verified by the analysis of a single population,i.e.,the Zhengzhou population.Furthermore,subhaplogroup analysis suggests that M7b1a1 is the most likely haplogroup associated with a decreased obesity risk,and the variation T12811C(causing Y159H in ND5)harbored in M7b1a1 may be the most likely candidate for altering the mitochondrial function.Specifically,we find that proportionally more nonsynonymous mutations accumulate in M7b1a1 carriers,indicating that M7b1a1 is either under positive selection or subject to a relaxation of selective constraints.We also find that nuclear variants,especially in DACT2 and PIEZO1,may functionally interact with M7b1a1.

Studying language evolution brings a crucial perspective to bear on questions of human prehistory. As the most linguistically diverse region on earth, East and Southeast Asia have witnessed extensive sociocultural and ethnic contacts among different language communities. Especially, the Kra-Dai language family exhibits tremendous socio-cultural importance in these regions. Due to limited historical accounts, however, there are several controversies on their linguistic relatedness, ambiguities regarding the divergence time, and uncertainties on the dispersal patterns. To address these issues, here we apply Bayesian phylogenetic methods to analyze the largest lexical dataset containing 646 cognate sets compiled for 100 Kra-Dai languages. Our dated phylogenetic tree showed their initial divergence occurring approximately 4000 years BP. Phylogeographic results supported the early Kra-Dai language dispersal from the Guangxi-Guangdong area of South China towards Mainland Southeast Asia. Coupled with genetic, archaeological, paleoecologic, and paleoclimatic data, we demonstrated that the Kra-Dai language diversification could have coincided with their demic diffusion and agricultural spread shaped by the global climate change in the late Holocene. The interdisciplinary alignments shed light on reconstructing the prehistory of Kra-Dai languages and provide an indispensable piece of the puzzle for further studying prehistoric human activities in East and Southeast Asia.

Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) is one of the top five cereal crops in the world in terms of production and planting area and is widely grown in areas with severe abiotic stresses such as drought and saline-alkali land due to its excellent stress resistance. Moreover, sorghum is a rare multipurpose crop that can be classified into grain sorghum, energy sorghum, and silage sorghum according to its domestication direction and utilization traits, endowing it with broad breeding and economic value. In this review, we mainly discuss the latest research progress and regulatory genes of agronomic traits of sorghum as a grain, energy, and silage crop, as well as the future improvement direction of multipurpose sorghum. We also emphasize the feasibility of cultivating multipurpose sorghum through genetic engineering methods by exploring potential targets using wild sorghum germplasm and genetic resources, as well as genomic resources.

SbMYBHv33 negatively regulated biomass accumulation and salt tolerance in sorghum and Arabidopsis by regulating reactive oxygen species accumulation and ion levels. Salt stress is one of the main types of environmental stress leading to a reduction in crop yield worldwide. Plants have also evolved a variety of corresponding regulatory pathways to resist environmental stress damage. This study aimed to identify a SbMYBHv33 transcription factor that downregulates in salt, drought, and abscisic acid (ABA) in the salt-tolerant inbred line sorghum M-81E. The findings revealed that overexpression of SbMYBHv33 in sorghum significantly reduced sorghum biomass accumulation at the seedling stage and also salinity tolerance. Meanwhile, a heterologous transformation of Arabidopsis with SbMYBHv33 produced a similar phenotype. The loss of function of the Arabidopsis homolog of SbMYBHv33 resulted in longer roots and increased salt tolerance. Under normal conditions, SbMYBHV33 overexpression promoted the expression of ABA pathway genes in sorghum and inhibited growth. Under salt stress conditions, the gene expression of SbMYBHV33 decreased in the overexpressed lines, and the promotion of these genes in the ABA pathway was attenuated. This might be an important reason for the difference in growth and stress resistance between SbMYBHv33-overexpressed sorghum and ectopic expression Arabidopsis. Hence, SbMYBHv33 is an important component of sorghum growth and development and the regulation of salt stress response, and it could negatively regulate salt tolerance and biomass accumulation in sorghum.

尿酸(UA)是人体内嘌呤核苷酸代谢的最终产物,与多种慢性疾病相关.因线粒体处于人体代谢的核心位置,线粒体DNA变异可能影响血液中尿酸水平.本研究对来自广西南宁、江苏泰州和河南郑州的3个中国汉族人群共计2 837例样本(其中男性样本1 112例、女性样本1 725例)进行分析,对样本初始的UA值矫正了性别和年龄因素.本研究根据线粒体DNA的变异将受试者分为16种基础单倍群,通过比较每个单倍群样本和其他样本的UA水平差异,探索线粒体单倍群和UA的相关性.在总体3个汉族人群中,M8单倍群的UA矫正值((310.5±87.2)μmol/L)显著低于其他单倍群((326.1±80.6)μmol/L,P=0.02),B5 单倍群的 UA 矫正值((338.8+72.5)μmol/L)显著高于其他单倍群((324.9±81.2)μmol/L,P=0.01).本研究结合后续分析发现,在总人群、南宁人群和泰州人群女性数据中,M8单倍群均与低UA水平显著相关;在总人群和女性数据中,B5单倍群与高UA水平显著相关.综上所述,本研究在中国汉族人群中发现了与UA水平显著相关的线粒体单倍群,为后续线粒体DNA变异在尿酸代谢中的作用机制研究提供线索.

Rare earth elements (REEs) are critical for numerous modern technologies, and demand is increasing globally; however, production steps are resource-intensive and environmentally damaging. Some plant species are able to hyperaccumulate REEs, and understanding the biology behind this phenomenon could play a pivotal role in developing more environmentally friendly REE recovery technologies. Here, we identified a REE transporter NRAMP REE Transporter 1 (NREET1) from the REE hyperaccumulator fern Dicranopteris linearis. Although NREET1 belongs to the natural resistance-associated macrophage protein (NRAMP) family, it shares a low similarity with other NRAMP members. When expressed in yeast, NREET1 exhibited REE transport capacity, but it could not transport divalent metals, such as zinc, nickel, manganese, or iron. NREET1 is mainly expressed in D. linearis roots and predominantly localized in the plasma membrane. Expression studies in Arabidopsis thaliana revealed that NREET1 functions as a transporter mediating REE uptake and transfer from root cell walls into the cytoplasm. Moreover, NREET1 has a higher affinity for transporting light REEs compared to heavy REEs, which is consistent to the preferential enrichment of light REEs in field-grown D. linearis. We therefore conclude that NREET1 may play an important role in the uptake and consequently hyperaccumulation of REEs in D. linearis. These findings lay the foundation for the use of synthetic biology techniques to design and produce sustainable, plant-based REE recovery systems.

N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is one of the most common types of RNA modification and is involved in regulating various stages of plant growth and development. Sorghum is a C4 crop with the characteristics of fast growth, high yield, and resistance to salinity and alkalinity. However, the systematic identification of m6A regulatory components in sorghum and the exploration of their potential functions in stress responses have not yet been achieved. In this study, 29 m6A-regulated genes were identified from the genome of sorghum, and gene signatures were analyzed. The potential functions of m6A regulatory components involved in sorghum growth, development, and crop yield were predicted by integrating the expression profiles in different sorghum tissues in a series of developmental stages under different environmental stresses. Most of the m6A-regulated genes were differentially expressed when the response of sorghum to environmental stress was regulated, and the trends were different in response to different environmental stresses. Transient transformation experiments showed that m6A-regulated genes mediated sorghum responses to stress by regulating reactive oxygen species accumulation. The results of this study suggested that m6A-regulated genes played an important role in regulating sorghum growth and responding to environmental stresses, providing a reference for improving crop quality and stress resistance from an epigenetic perspective.

Dicranopteris linearis is the best-known hyperaccumulator species of rare earth elements (REEs) and silicon (Si), capable of dealing with toxic level of REEs. Hence, this study aimed to clarify how D. linearis leaves cope with excessive REE stress, and whether Si plays a role in REE detoxification. The results show that lanthanum (La - as a representative of the REEs) stress led to decreased biomass and an increase of metabolism related to leaf cell wall synthesis and modification. However, the La stress-induced responses, especially the increase of pectin-related gene expression level, pectin polysaccharides concentration, and methylesterase activity, could be mitigated by Si supply. Approximately 70% of the Si in D. linearis leaves interacted with the cell walls to form organosilicon Si-O-C linkages. The Si-modified cell walls contained more hydroxyl groups, leading to a more efficient REE retention compared to the Si-free ones. Moreover, this [Si-cell wall] matrix increased the pectin-La accumulation capacity by 64%, with no effect on hemicellulose-La and cellulose-La accumulation capacity. These results suggest that [Si-pectin] matrix fixation is key in REE detoxification in D. linearis, laying the foundation for the development of phytotechnological applications (e.g., REE phytomining) using this species in REE-contaminated sites.

Salt stress adversely affects plant growth and development. It is necessary to understand the underlying salt response mechanism to improve salt tolerance in plants. MYB transcription factors can regulate plant responses to salt stress. However, only a few studies have explored the role of MYB TFs in Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench . So we decided to make a systematic analysis and research on the sorghum MYB family. A total of 210 MYB genes in sorghum were identified in this study. Furthermore, 210 MYB genes were distributed across ten chromosomes, named SbMYB1-SbMYB210 . To study the phylogeny of the identified TFs, 210 MYB genes were divided into six subfamilies. We further demonstrated that SbMYB genes have evolved under strong purifying selection. SbMYBAS1 ( SbMYB119 ) was chosen as the study object, which the expression decreased under salt stress conditions. Further study of the SbMYBAS1 showed that SbMYBAS1 is located in the nucleus. Under salt stress conditions, Arabidopsis plants overexpressed SbMYBAS1 showed significantly lower dry/fresh weight and chlorophyll content but significantly higher membrane permeability, MDA content, and Na + /K + ratio than the wild-type Arabidopsis plants. Yeast two-hybrid screening result showed that SbMYBAS1 might interact with proteins encoded by SORBI_302G184600, SORBI_3009G247900 and SORBI_3004G59600. Results also showed that SbMYBAS1 could regulate the expression of AtGSTU17, AtGSTU16, AtP5CS2, AtUGT88A1, AtUGT85A2, AtOPR2 and AtPCR2 under salt stress conditions. This work laid a foundation for the study of the response mechanism of sorghum MYB gene family to salt stress.