The pharmacokinetics, organ distribution, and 24-hr urinary excretion of negatively charged "To-labeled multilamellar lipo somes, composed of dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine and dimyristoylphosphatidylglycerol in a 7:3 molar ratio, were studied in seven patients with cancer. The radiolabeled liposomes were administered i.v. in three doses: 150 mg/sq m of body surface area; 300 mg/sq m; and 450 mg/sq m of lipid. The dose of "Tc was 4.8 to 7.6 mCi per patient. The plasma disappearance curve was biphasic (half-life «= 5.53 min, half-life ß= 289 min), suggesting a two-compartmental model of distribution. The cal culated volume of distribution indicated considerable tissue re tention of liposomes. This was confirmed by body imaging. Twenty-four hr after injection, liposomes were localized in organs rich in reticuloendothelial cells, i.e., liver [44.5 ±9.1% (S.E.)], spleen [25.5 ±7.7%], lung [14.5 ±4.9%], and bone marrow. Although the hepatic uptake accounted for more than 40% of the total uptake, the spleen retained liposomes at a higher density. Cumulative urinary excretion of radioactivity was 13.4 ±1.5% over 24 hr. Liposome administration was safe and devoid of any adverse side effects. The results provide a basis for the use of liposomes as potential target-specific and safe drug carriers in the treatment of pathological conditions that involve organs rich in reticuloendothelial cells.

38 patients were included in phase I study of localization of melanoma with Indium-111 labeled P96.5 monoclonal antibody reactive to melanoma antigen P97. 21 patients were studied using 2.5 mCi of In-111 and 17 patients using 5 mCi of In-111. Results of the two doses of In-111 were compared with results of scans. In 9 pats. receiving doses of 2.5 mCi In-111/20 mg stable antibody, out of 54 evaluable sites of disease, 19 sites were seen on scans performed 48 to 72 h after injection (Sensitivity 35%). In 12 pats. studied with 5.0 mCi of In-111/20 mg stable antibody there were 43 known sites of disease of which 30 were identified giving a sensitivity of 70%. As there was a high percentage of lesions greater than 1 cm in diameter in the group receiving 5 mCi and since tumor size has been previously shown to be related to sensitivity of imaging, the data was reanalyzed after excluding lesions less than 1 cm. When only lesions > 2 cm in diameter were considered there were 17 out of 21 (81%) imaged with the 2.5 mCi tracer dose and 27 out of 29 (93%) with 5.0 mCi dose. These differences are significantmore » by chi square test with P < 0.05. Absorbed radiation dose from a 5 mCi dose of In-111 antibody has been calculated at 1.36 rads for the total body and 6.96 rads for the liver (critical organ). Although these doses could be lowered by using lower tracer dose, the results reported here suggest that the sensitivity would be significantly impaired at the smaller dose of 2.5 mCi. We conclude that the current maximum dose of 5.0 mCi should be used in evaluating In-111 labeled anti-P97 antibody imaging of melanoma.« less

Medical PhysicsVolume 10, Issue 4 p. 495-496 Studies of Cellular Function Using Radiotracers edited by M. W. Billinghurst Howard J. Glenn, Howard J. Glenn Reviewer M. D. Anderson Hospital and Tumor Institute, Houston, TexasSearch for more papers by this author Howard J. Glenn, Howard J. Glenn Reviewer M. D. Anderson Hospital and Tumor Institute, Houston, TexasSearch for more papers by this author First published: July 1983 https://doi.org/10.1118/1.595401AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume10, Issue4July 1983Pages 495-496 RelatedInformation

Radiation dose to mouse testis was estimated to be about 1.65 rad per microCi of intravenously injected 32P. This high dose to the organ was due to the incorporation of this isotope into the macromolecules of the testis. Up to 30% of the total testis activity was in DNA molecules. Biologic effects on mouse testis from 32P were determined by testis weight loss and the decrease in the number of sperm heads in the testis. Number of sperm heads reached a minimum of 1.3% of control 36 days after injection of 3.5 microCi/g body weight of 32P. Significant decreases in sperm head counts were observed after as little as 0.2 microCi/g body weight of 32P.

Medical PhysicsVolume 8, Issue 6 p. 914-915 Introduction to Radiochemistry, by D. J. Malcolme-Laws Howard J. Glenn, Howard J. Glenn Reviewer M. D. Anderson Hospital and Tumor Institute, Houston, TexasSearch for more papers by this author Howard J. Glenn, Howard J. Glenn Reviewer M. D. Anderson Hospital and Tumor Institute, Houston, TexasSearch for more papers by this author First published: November 1981 https://doi.org/10.1118/1.594883AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume8, Issue6November 1981Pages 914-915 RelatedInformation

Although subject to limitations, there is a need for carefully controlled laboratory studies using animal tumor models in research on tumor-localizing agents. This paper reviews the literature relating to the more important transplantable tumor systems, spontaneous or induced, as to origin, host, site, and radioactive agent used. The historical background of animal tumor models is discussed, including such technical aspects as source of tumor, techniques of transplantation, transplantation sites, and maintenance of transplants. Also, considered are the use of animal tumor models as predictive systems, expression of experimental results of quantitative studies of tissue uptake and comparative radionuclide tumor and distributional studies, and suggestions for future studies, such as the need of more intensive study of existing tumor models for a better understanding of the relationship between animal and human tumors, the need for the development of new tumor model systems, and for standardization of experimental protocols and procedures. A total of 48 t,mor models (26 in mice, 11 in rats, 7 in hamsters, 2 in rabbits, and 2 in dogs) are presented in seven tables dividing the models into tumors of epithelial tissue, connective tissue, hematopoietic tissues, melanin-forming tissue, neural tissues, undetermined site of origin or undifferentiated histologic pattern, and miscellaneous background. The use of animal tumor models in cancer research, which utilizes radionuclides, permits the investigator to do many things not permissible with human beings, but the extrapolation of animal results to human beings must be approached with caution, Although malignant disease, whether in animals or man, must be individualized, certain trends in animal studies can be observed. It is the goal of the laboratory investigator to be able to indicate to the clinician those trends or phenomena that, when repeatedly observed in animal model systems, may be applicable to an understanding of malignant disease in man.

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTetrahydroacenaphthene and the Mills--Nixon EffectWilliam S. Johnson and Howard J. GlennCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1949, 71, 3, 1087–1092Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1949Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1949https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01171a091https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01171a091research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views97Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIntramolecular Acylation. II.1 The Inverse Friedel--Crafts MethodWilliam S. Johnson and Howard J. GlennCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1949, 71, 3, 1092–1096Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1949Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1949https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01171a092RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views704Altmetric-Citations17LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (651 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts

A radiolabeled monoclonal antibody (96.5) reactive with an M, 97,000 antigen found on over 80% of melanoma cell lines and tissue extracts was examined for its ability to detect malignant melanoma métastasesin vivo. For imaging purposes, it was conjugated with diethyltriaminepentaacetic acid and subse quently labeled with 111lnby chelation. Thirty-one patients with metastatic melanoma received single injections of monoclonal antibody 96.5 at concentrations ranging from 0.5 to 20 mg and at specific activities of 111lnranging from 0.125 to 4 mCi/mg. Total-body scans were performed at various time intervals fol lowing administration. No serious side effects were observed. Of a total of 100 previously documented metastatic sites, 50 imaged for a specificity of 50%. The number of sites imaged increased significantly as the amount of antibody administered increased relative to the average radiation dose. Considerable background uptake of isotope was observed in blood pool and other organs with gradual acquisition of label in tumor sites by 48 to 72 h. Hence, tumor imaging of melanoma using 111 In-labeled monoclo nal antibody 96.5 appeared feasible, especially at antibody doses above 2 mg.