Erzwiesite, ideally Ag8Pb12Bi16S40, Z= 1, is a new sulfosalt mineral discovered in the Erzwies mining area, Gastein Valley, Salzburg Province, Austria. The mineral occurs as small black, irregular needle-like crystals mixed with galena and heyrovsk & yacute;ite in a quartz matrix. In reflected light, erzwiesite is greyish white. Under crossed polars it is distinctly anisotropic, and the rotation tints change from pale brown to pale bluish grey to dark brown. Reflectance measurements in air yield the following R-min/R-max values based on the standard wavelengths (Commission on Ore Mineralogy, COM): 44.5/47.6 (470 nm), 41.9/45.0 (546 nm), 41.5/44.5 (589 nm), and 40.4/43.6 (650 nm). The Mohs' hardness is 3-3.5 (VHN50 ranges from 195 to 224, mean 210 kg mm(-2)). Averaged electron-microprobe analyses (n= 6) gave (in wt %) Ag 11.10(27), Cu 0.04(3), Pb 29.50(77), Cd 0.17(1), Bi 42.90(63), Te 0.21(14), Se 0.08(5), and S 16.08(11), with a total of 100.10(63). The empirical formula is Ag8.18Cu0.05Pb11.31Cd0.12Bi16.30Sb0.01S39.81Te0.13Se0.06 (based on 76 apfu). The calculated density is 7.075 g cm(-3) using the empirical formula. Erzwiesite crystallises in space group Cmcm (a= 4.085(5), b= 13.462(15), c= 33.92(4) & Aring;, and V= 1866(4) & Aring;3). The crystal structure was determined from single-crystal X-ray diffraction data (R-1= 5.24 % for 308 data with F-o > 4 sigma(F-o) and 51 variable parameters). The structural formula is Ag8.64Pb11.04Bi16.32S40. The seven strongest lines in the X-ray powder diagram are [d in & Aring; (intensity) hkl] 3.588 (64) 028, 3.387 (98) 115, 3.349 (37) 041, 3.288 (85) 029, 2.919 (100)133, 2.846 (99)134, and 2.039(43) 157. Erzwiesite is the first natural (8 : 8) homologue of the lillianite homologous series and is named after its type locality.

AbstractOmariniite, ideally Cu8Fe2ZnGe2S12, represents the Ge-analogue of stannoidite and was found in bornite-chalcocite-rich ores near the La Rosario vein of the Capillitas epithermal deposit, Catamarca Province, Argentina. The mineral is associated closely with three other Ge-bearing minerals (putzite, catamarcaite, rarely zincobriartite) and bornite, chalcocite, digenite, covellite, sphalerite, tennantite, luzonite, wittichenite, thalcusite and traces of mawsonite. The width of the seams rarely exceeds 60 μm, their length can attain several 100 μm. The mineral is opaque, orange-brown in polished section, has a metallic lustre and a brownish-black streak. It is brittle, and the fracture is irregular to subconchoidal. Neither cleavage nor parting are observable in the sections. In plane-polarized light omariniite is brownish-orange and has a weak pleochroism. Internal reflections are absent. The mineral is distinctly anisotropic with rotation tints varying between brownish-orange and greenish-brown. The average result of 45 electron-microprobe analyses is Cu 42.18(34), Fe 9.37(26), Zn 5.17(43), In 0.20(6), Ge 11.62(22), S 31.80(20), total 100.34(46) wt.%. The empirical formula, based on Σ(Me + S) = 25, is Cu8.04(Fe2.03In0.02)Σ2.05Zn0.96 Ge1.94S12.01, ideally Cu8+Fe2+Zn2+Ge24+S122-. Omariniite is orthorhombic, space group I222, with unit-cell parameters: a = 10.774(1), b = 5.3921(5), c = 16.085(2) Å, V = 934.5(2) Å3, a:b:c = 1.9981:1:2.9831, Z = 2. X-ray single-crystal studies (R1 = 0.023) revealed the structure to be a sphalerite derivative identical to that of stannoidite. Omariniite is named after Dr. Ricardo Héctor Omarini (1946–2015), Professor at the University of Salta, for his numerous contributions to the geology of Argentina.

The thallium-rich sulfosalt deposit of Jas Roux, situated in the Pelvoux Massif (Hautes-Alpes de ' partement, France), occurs in a Triassic sedimentary series. Jasrouxite belongs to the early lead-containing stages of the Tl-As-Sb period of mineralization. It occurs in a silicified gangue, along with smithite and late realgar. Jarouxite forms dark gray anhedral grains with metallic luster, up to several millimeters in size, as well as aggregates of grains which range to more than 10 mm in diameter. From their surface, grains of jasrouxite are embayed by a three-phase myrmekite aggregate composed of stibnite, boscardinite and smithite. The mineral is brittle, with irregular fracture; no cleavage or parting was observed. In reflected light, color is off-white. Bireflectance is weak, in off-white tones; anisotropy is distinct. Rare straight twin lamellae occur in otherwise untwinned crystals. The empirical formula, on the basis of 132 apfu derived from the crystal-structure determination, is Cu0.79Ag14.64Pb4.10Tl0.05As15.37Sb24.87S72.18. Calculated density is 4.87 g.cm(-3). The simplified formula is Ag16Pb4(Sb25As15)(Sigma 40)S-72; the only notable variation is the partial substitution As <-> Sb. Jasrouxite is triclinic, space group P-1. Lattice parameters are a 8.2917(5) angstrom, b 19.101(1) angstrom, c 19.487(1) angstrom, alpha 89.731(1)degrees, beta 83.446(1)degrees, gamma 89.944(1)degrees, V 3066.1(3) angstrom(3), Z = 1 for Ag16Pb4(Sb24As16)(Sigma 40)S-72.Jasrouxite is a member of the lillianite homologous series, its order number is 4 and degree of Ag + (Sb, As) <-> 2 Pb substitution is 36.5 % above the theoretical 100 % substitution expressed as PbAg(Sb,As)(3)S-6. The most important features of the crystal structure are: substantial replacement of lead in selected trigonal prismatic sites by Sb, formation of a string of large volumes for accommodation of lone electrons of Sb and As in the central portions of galena-like slabs, and high contents of Ag and (Sb,As).

Barikaite, ideally Pb10Ag3(Sb8As11)(Sigma 19)S-40, is a new mineral species from the Barika Au-Ag deposit, Azarbaijan Province, western Iran. It was formed in fractures developed in silica bands situated in massive banded pyrite and baryte ores. These fractures house veinlets that contain a number of Ag-As-Sb-Pb-rich sulfosalts, tetrahedrite-tennantite, realgar, pyrite and electrum. Barikaite appears as inclusions in guettardite. The mineral is opaque, greyish black with a metallic lustre; it is brittle without any discernible cleavage. In reflected light barikaite is greyish white, pleochroism is distinct, white to dark grey. Internal reflections are absent. In crossed polars, anisotropism is distinct with rotation tints in shades of grey. The reflectance data (%, in air) are: 37.0, 39.3 at 470 nm, 34.1, 36.9 at 546 nm, 33.1, 36.2 at 589 nm and 31.3, 34.1 at 650 nm. The Mohs hardness is 3-31/2, microhardness VHN50 exhibits the range 192-212, with a mean value of 200 kg mm(-2). The average results of five electron-microprobe analyses in a grain are (in wt.%): Pb 35.77(33), Ag 5.8(1), Tl 0.15(08), Sb 18.33(09), As 15.64(16), S 24.00(15), total 99.69(10) wt.%, corresponding to Pb9.31Ag2.90Tl0.04 (Sb8.12As11.26)(Sigma 19.36)S-40.37 (on the basis of 32Me + 40S = 72 a.p.f.u.). The simplified formula, Pb10Ag3(Sb8As11)(Sigma 19)S-40, is in accordance with the results of a crystal-structure analysis, and requires Pb 37.89, Ag 5.91, Sb 17.79, As 15.05 and S 23.42 (wt.%). The variation of chemical composition is minor, the empirical formula ranging from Pb10.39Ag2.32Tl0.02Sb7.52As11.27S40.49 to Pb9.24Ag2.93Tl0.04Sb8.13As11.35S40.31. Barikaite has monoclinic symmetry, space group P2(1)/n and unit-cell parameters a 8.5325(7) angstrom, b 8.0749(7) angstrom, c 24.828(2) angstrom, and beta 99.077(6)degrees, Z = 1. Calculated density for the empirical formula is 5.34 (g cm(-3)). The strongest eight lines in the (calculated) powder-diffraction pattern [d in angstrom(I)(hkl)] are: 3.835(63)(022), 3.646(100)(016), 3.441(60)(212), 3.408(62)(($) over bar 14), 2.972(66)((2) over bar 16), 2.769(91)(222), 2.752(78)((4) over bar 24) and 2.133(54)(402). Barikaite is the N = 4 member of the sartorite homologous series with a near-equal role of As and Sb, which have an ordered distribution pattern in the structure. It is a close homeotype of rathite and more distantly related to dufrenoysite (both distinct, pure arsenian N = 4 members) and it completes the spectrum of Sb-rich members of the sartorite homologous series. The new mineral and its name have been approved by the IMA-CNMNC (IMA 2012-055).

Ferdowsiite is a member of a mineral association subsidiary to the principal metamorphic minerals of the Barika ore deposit in NW Iran. The empirical formula of ferdowsiite (based on 32 apfu, 16Me + 16S) is Ag7.97Pb0.08 Sb4.25As3.15Bi0.01S16 04. The crystal-structure formula is Ag-8(Sb549As251)(Sigma 8)S-16; the simplified formula is Ag8(Sb5As3)I8S16. The slightly plumbian variety of ferdowsiite has the idealized formula Pb2xAg4-x,AsS8 with x Ferdowsiite is monoclinic, space group P2(1)/n, a08.677(2) A, b 5.799(1) A, c 13.839(3) A, p 96.175(4), V 692.28(10) A3, Z = 1 for the formula Ag-8(Sb5As3)Sigma S-8(16). Calculated powder X-ray data are listed; main diffraction lines are [d(calc) (I-el) (hkl)]: 3.225 (96)(113); 3.205 (100)((2) over bar 12); 2.8995 (78)(020); 2.7559 (90)(301); 2.7073 (79)((1) over bar 05); 1.9401 (22)(206); 1.9226 (22)(404). Plumbian ferdowsiite has the same space group, P21/n. It has a 8.746(7) angstrom, b 5.805(4) angstrom, c 13.929(10) angstrom, 3 96.236(11), unit cell volume 703.05 angstrom(3). The mineral is greyish black, opaque, with dark grey streak and metallic luster. It is brittle with irregular fracture; no cleavage or parting was observed. Calculated density is 5.3 g/cm(3). In reflected light ferdowsiite is greyish white. Internal reflections are not observable. Pleochroism is distinct, white to grey. Bireflectance is distinct; reflectance values are [lambda(nm), R-min,R-max]: 470, 34.9, 37.3; 546, 33.4, 35.9; 589, 32.4, 35.1; 650, 30.7, 33.5. Anisotropism is distinct and rotation tints vary between dark brown and bluish grey. Ferdowsiite is associated with large corroded crystals of arsenquatrandorite and is partly replaced by guettardite. It also corrodes smithite. Ferdowsiite is often associated with tetrahedrite/tennantite and forms worm-like symplectites with it. This symplectite is partly replaced on the surface by guettardite. Ferdowsiite is one more member of the group of ABX(2)-type sulfosalts of silver, combining antimony and arsenic, with a crystal structure different from other members of this group. The closest crystallographic and structural affinity is to the ternary sulfosalt diaphorite.

Chovanite, a new representative of the group of oxysulphosalts of Pb and Sb was found in three hydrothermal deposits of antimony ore, Dabrava, Male Zelezne, and Klacianka, situated on the northern slopes of the Low Tatra Mountains, Slovakia. It is associated with other Pb-Sb sulphosalts, especially boulangerite, robinsonite and dadsonite. In reflected light, chovanite is white, bireflectance is distinct already in air. Pleochroism is present; colour varies from white with a yellowish green tint (darkest position) to white with a faint bluish tint (lightest position). Reflectance values in air are R-max - R-min (%) (lambda nm): 43.6-37.7 (470), 43.0-36.7 (546), 41.3-35.4 (589), 39.2-34.0 (650). Anisotropy is moderate to strong both in air and in oil, with blue grey to brown grey polarization colours. Internal reflections and twinning are absent. The optical properties are very similar to boulangerite. Micro-indentation hardness is 222.5 with a range 213-238. Derived Mohs hardness is 3. Cleavage is good, parallel to the c axis. Simplified chemical formula based on electron-microprobe analyses is Pb14.42(35)Sb14.33(11)S36.04(23), Z = 4, which corresponds to Pb 50.74, Sb 29.63, S 19.62, total 100.00 wt%. No other elements exceed detection limits; chlorine is absent and oxygen was not measured. Structural formula is Pb15-zxSb14+2xS36Ox (Z = 4) for which the above mean of microprobe measurement data and the structure refinement give the value of x equal to similar to 0.2. Density (calc.) is 7.14 g/cm(3). Crystal system is monoclinic, space group C2/m, lattice parameters a = 48.189(48) angstrom, b = 4.1104(40) angstrom, c = 34.235(35) angstrom, beta = 106.059(15)degrees, V = 6517(11) angstrom(3), Z = 4. Chovanite belongs to a sulphosalt family of boxwork structures, together with pellouxite, scainiite, pillaite, marruccite, vurroite, neyite, and several synthetic sulphosalts. Its crystal structure contains 11 independent lead sites, 13 coordination polyhedra of antimony, some of them with Sb sites split into two partially occupied non-overlapping positions, and five mixed Pb, Sb sites. The boxwork structure of chovanite is formed by a combination of three types of structural modules: (a) continuous walls with a complex structure of rod-layer type; these walls are interconnected by (b) rod-like partitions, and the resulting box-like channels (c) are filled by still another type of structure rods. Chovanite has the largest box-like channel system and infill elements known at present. In spite of differences in chemical composition, chovanite is structurally closest to pellouxite (Cu,Ag)(2)Pb21Sb23S55ClO which has a moderately large boxwork channel system.

Eldradonite with the simplified formula Cu6BiSe4(Se-2), is a new mineral species discovered in a telethermal vein-type deposit with selenides at the El Dragon mine, Province of Quijarro, Department of Potos, Bolivia. It forms inclusions in krutaite, and is associated with clausthalite, klockmannite, umangite and tiemannite, as well as with watkinsonite, petrovicite and two unnamed phases in the system Cu-Pb-Hg-Bi-Se. The unique vein of eldragonite-bearing krutaite is hosted within sandstones and shales of Devonian age. Eldragonite occurs in anhedral grains and polycrystalline aggregates attaining a size of up to 100 X 80 mu m. Megascopically, the mineral has a brownish to light-maroon color, is opaque and lacks internal reflections. It has a metallic luster and a brownish black streak, is brittle with an uneven to conchoidal fracture, without observable cleavage. The VHN15 values range between 212 and 243 (mean 225) kg/mm(2), corresponding to a Mohs hardness of similar to 3 1/2. In plane-polarized light, eldragcnite is distinctly bireflectant and pleochroic, from light grayish brown to cream; it is strongly anisotropic with rotation tints in shades of orange and blue-black. The reflectances (in air and oil, respectively) for the COM standard wavelengths are: 32.5-34.5, 17.7-19.7 (470 nm), 32.95-36.3, 18.0-21.4 (546 nm), 33.3-36.8, 18.3-21.6 (589 nm), 34.0-36.9, 19.1-21.7 (650 nm). Electron-microprobe analyses gave (mean of 24 analyses): Cu 35.9, Fe 1.25, Ni 0.35, Bi 20.3, Se 42.5, total 100.3 wt.%, corresponding to (Cu5.98Fe0.24Ni0.06)(Sigma 6.28)Bi1.03Se5.70. The ideal formula is Cu6BiSe4(Se-2), which requires Cu 35.84, Bi 19.64, Se 44.52 wt.%. Eldragonite has an orthorhombic cell, space group Pmcn, with a 4.0341(4), b 27.056(3), c 9.5559(9) angstrom, V 1043.0(3) angstrom(3), and Z = 4. The calculated density is 6.76 g/cm(3). The strongest X-ray powder-diffraction lines [d in angstrom (I) hkl] are: 6.547(58)031, 3.579(100)052, 3.253(48)141, 3.180(77)081, 3.165(56)013, 3.075(84)102, 3.065(75)151,112, 2.011(53)200, 1.920(76)154, 1.846(52)1103. The crystal structure was solved from single-crystal data, and was refined to R-1 = 0.026 on the basis of 1731 unique reflections. There are one Bi and six Cu positions. Among the six Se positions, two Se atoms form a Se-2 pair [d(Se-Se) = 2.413 angstrom]; eldragonite is thus a mixed selenide-diselenide compound. The crystal structure is organized according to two slabs alternating along a. The thin slab with formula Cu6Se6 is a zigzag layer derived from the CaF2 archetype; the thick slab, Cu6Bi2Se6, is similar to that of wittichenite, Cu3BiS3. The Se-2 pair is at the junction between these two slabs. This new mineral species is named after the location where it was discovered.

The compositional variation of accessory monazite in ore bearing micaschists from the Schellgaden mining district, Tauern Window, Eastern Alps, was studied by means of the electron microprobe. In ore-rich domains monazite yields unusually high sulfur contents (up to 2.5 wt.% SO3), which enter the monazite structure together with Ca and Sr as “anhydrite-celestine” component replacing P and REEs. The exchange reaction is S6++ (Ca, Sr)2+ = REE3++ P5+. Sulfur-rich monazite is intergrown with anglesite, pyromorphite or galena and shows oscillatory zoning indicating growth from S-bearing fluids. This type of S-enriched monazite yields very high common lead contents (up to 0.5 wt.% PbO) and unrealistic high apparent Th-U-total Pb single dates (> 1 Ga). However, S-enriched monazite grains provide a flat trendline in the Th* vs. Pb isochron diagram similar to the trendline defined through low-S, and low-Pb monazite crystals (0.1–1 wt.% SO3, < 0.05 wt.% PbO), which were observed in ore-poor parts of micaschists. Results from this study imply an Alpine rather than a pre-Alpine formation age for monazite and a strong S-rich fluid activity during the Alpine orogeny. Apart from this geological aspect, the current study also shows that the detection of sulfur in monazite may serve as a warning for a possible presence of common Pb.

Litochlebite, Ag(2)PbBi(4)Se(8), is a new selenide mineral fromthe Zalesi uranium deposit, Rychlebske hory Mountains, northernMoravia, Czech Republic. It occurs as irregular grains up to200 mu m, which form aggregates up to 1-2 mm in size in aquartz gangue. Litochlebite is opaque, dark grey to black, hasa dark grey streak and a metallic luster. No cleavage wasobserved; the mineral is brittle with an irregular fracture.The VHN(10g) microhardness 230 (227-234) kg/mm2 corresponds toa Mohs hardness of about 3; the calculated density is 7.90g/cm3. Litochlebite is monoclinic, space group P21/m, with a13.182(2), b 4.1840(8), c 15.299(2) angstrom, beta109.11(1)degrees, V 797.3(2) angstrom3, and a: b: c 3.1506: 1:3.6565. Its average composition (electron-microprobe data) isCu 0.10, Ag 10.27, Cd 0.05, Pb 11.73, Bi 43.27, Se 32.93, S0.01, total 98.36 wt.%. The resulting empirical formula,written on the basis 15 apfu, is (Ag1.84Cu0.03)1.87)(Pb1.09Cd0.01)1.10Bi3.99Se8.04. The crystal structure oflitochlebite has been solved by direct methods and refined toR(1) = 3.89% on the basis of 938 unique reflections [F(o) > 4sigma(F(o))] collected on a Bruker AXS diffractometer with aCCD detector and MoK alpha radiation. The crystal structurecontains one lead site, four independent Bi sites, four silversites and eight independent Se sites. One Ag site is anoctahedrally coordinated (2 + 4) site in the pseudotetragonallayer, the other Ag site has a distorted tetrahedralcoordination. Litochlebite is an Ag-dominant isotype ofwatkinsonite, Cu2PbBi4Se8, and structurally related toberryite, Cu3Ag2Pb3Bi7S16.

The crystal structure of angelaite, ideally Cu2AgPbBiS4, a 12.734(5), b 4.032(1), c 14.633(5) angstrom, V 751.2(5) angstrom(3), space group Pnma, Z = 4, D-calc = 6.89 g.cm(-3), from the Angela mine, Los Manantiales district, province of Chubut, Argentina, has been solved by direct methods and refined to R-1 = 6.47% on the basis of 606 unique reflections [F-o > 4 sigma(F-o)]; these were collected on a Bruker P3 diffractometer with a CCD detector and MoK alpha radiation from a fragment consisting of an intergrowth of angelaite and galena. Angelaite contains a capped trigonal prismatic Pb site, a quasi-octahedral Bi site, a linearly coordinated Cu site, and three triangular sites, one occupied by Ag and two partially occupied by Cu. Angelaite is a homeotype of galenobismutite with the Pb and Bi1 sites of galenobismutite preserved, and the Bi2 site replaced by the combination of Ag and Cu sites described above, which represent a novel type of substitution: (Ag+ + 2Cu(+))-for-Bi3+. Selenium-free galenobismutite from Felbertal (Austria) was refined to the R-1 value of 2.49% to serve as a reference structure related to that of angelaite.

Angelaite, ideally Cu2AgPbBiS4, occurs as a hypogene mineral in polymetallic ores at the Angela groups of veins in the mining district of Los Manantiales, in the province of Chubut, Argentina. The new mineral species is predominantly associated with pyrite, sphalerite, chalcopyrite, hematite, native gold and galena; less common associates are aikinite, wittichenite, miharaite and cervelleite. Angelaite forms subhedral, commonly oriented inclusions in galena; these may attain a size of up to 200 x 50 mm. The mineral is grey in color with a brownish tint, opaque, and lacks internal reflections. It has a metallic luster and a dark grey streak. The VHN10 ranges between 245 and 263 kg/mm(3) (mean 253), corresponding to a Mohs hardness of 3 1/2. In plane-polarized light, it is strongly bireflectant and pleochroic from light grey with a brownish tint to light cream with a greenish tint. Angelaite is strongly anisotropic, with rotation tints in shades of pale grey, deep green and deep blue. We provide the measured values of reflectance in air and oil. The average of 23 electron-microprobe analyses is: Cu 16.7(3), Ag 13.4(2), Pb 27.8(6), Bi 26.6(5), S 16.0(2), total 100.5(5) wt.%, equivalent to Cu2.07Ag0.97Pb1.05Bi1.00S3.91. The ideal formula (on the basis of nine atoms) is Cu2AgPbBiS4, which requires Cu 16.31, Ag 13.84, Pb 26.58, Bi 26.81, S 16.45, total 100 wt.%. Angelaite is orthorhombic, with a 12.734(5), b 4.032(1), c 14.633(5) angstrom, V 751.8(5) angstrom(3), space group Pnma and Z = 4. The calculated density is 6.934 g/cm(3). It is a homeotype of galenobismutite, with Cu and Ag replacing one of the Bi positions in a complicated way. The strongest eight lines in the calculated powder-diffraction pattern [d in angstrom(I)(hkl)] are 3.672(100)(032), 3.660(64)(004), 3.407(60)(120), 3.319(62) ((1) over bar 21), 3.317(62)(121), 3.111(69)(041), 3.022(72)((1) over bar 13) and 3.017(72)(113). The mineral is named after the location. Both the mineral and its name were approved by the CNMNC (IMA #2003-064).

Dantopaite, Ag5Bi13S22, is the P-6 natural member of the pavonite homologous series. It is a very rare mineral in a quartz vein hosted by Variscan metagranitoids at the abandoned mining district at Erzwies, Gasteiner Valley, province of Salzburg, Austria. The associated sulfosalts are lillianite-gustavite, heyrovskyite, eskimoite, vikingite, ourayite, bismuthinite, krupkaite, benjaminite, pavonite, and cosalite. Traces of pyrite, tetradymite and native gold also are present. The new species occurs as isolated grains intimately intergrown with pavonite or benjaminite or both. The grain size does not exceed 250-300 mu m. Dantopaite has a greyish white color and is opaque. It has a metallic luster and a grey streak. Its hardness (VHN50) is similar to 190 kg/mm(2) (3 1/2 on the Mohs scale). In plane-polarized light, and compared to galena, it is weakly bireflectant, and distinctly pleochroic in shades of grey. The anisotropy is distinct in air and oil, and the rotation tints change from greyish blue to brownish grey. The reflectances (in air) are tabulated. The average result of electron-microprobe analysis is: Cu 1.68, Ag 11.56, Pb 4.64, Bi 63.82, Te 0.34, S 17.52, total 99.57 wt.%, which gives Cu1.06Ag4.24,Pb0.9Bi12.23S21.89Te0.11. The ideal formula is Ag5Bi13S22. Dantopaite is monoclinic with a 13.380(3), b 4.0492(9), c 18.690(4) angstrom, V 975.8(4) angstrom(3), space group C2/m and Z = 1. The calculated density is 6.74 g/cm(3). The strongest eight lines in the (calculated) powder-diffraction pattern [d in angstrom(I)(hkl)] are: 3.578(58)((2) over bar 05), 3.452(90)(112), 3.331(36)((4) over bar 01), 3.301(40)(204), 2.861(100)((3) over bar 13), 2.225(24)((1) over bar 17), 2.025(25)(020) and 2.013(24)(512). The crystal structure, based on 1051 observed reflections (R-1 = 7.3%), is that of N = 6 pavonite homologue, consisting of thick slabs with a width of six octahedra on a diagonal, in alternation with thin slabs composed of foreshortened octahedra and pairs of Bi coordination pyramids. The central columns of the thin structural slabs are populated by octahedrally coordinated Ag sites and tetrahedrally coordinated Cu1 and Cu2 sites; all of them are only partly occupied. In the thick slabs, with distorted octahedral bismuth sites, silver partly replaces bismuth in the centrally placed octahedra. The name honors Dr. Dan Topa (University of Salzburg), ore mineralogist and crystallographer.

Daliranite, ideally PbHgAs2S6, occurs as a rare sulphosalt species at the Carlin-type Zarshouran Au-As deposit North of the town of Takab in the Province of West Azarbaijan, Iran. The new species is associated with orpiment, rarely with galkhaite, hutchinsonite and cinnabar. The strongly silicified matrix of the specimens has veinlets of sphalerite, with rare inclusions of galena and various (Cu)-Pb-As(Sb) sulphosalts. Daliranite occurs as matted nests of acicular and flexible fibres up to 200 mm in length and a width less than a few mm. The colour is orange-red with a pale orange-red streak and the lustre is adamantine. The mineral is transparent and does not fluoresce. The Mohs hardness is <2. Electron microprobe analyses give the empirical formula Pb0.95Tl0.01Hg1.04As2.10S5.91, ideally PbHgAs2S6; the calculated density is 5.93 g cm(-3). Unit-cell parameters were determined by an electron-diffraction study and refined from X-ray powder data. Daliranite is monoclinic primitive with a = 19.113(5) angstrom, b = 4.233(2) angstrom, c = 22.958(8) angstrom, beta = 114.78(5)degrees, V = 1686.4 angstrom(3) and Z = 8, a:b:c = 4.515:1:5.424, space group P2, Pm or P2/m. The strongest X-ray powder-diffraction lines [d in angstrom, (I), (hkl)] are: 8.676, (80), (200); 4.654, (50), (<(4)over bar>01); 3.870, (40), ((2) over bar 11); 3.394, (50), (113); 3.148, (40b), ((6) over bar 02); 2.892, (50), ((6) over bar 00); 2.724, (100), ((7) over bar 03); 2.185, (50), ((3) over bar 19). The formula shows a sulphur excess which may correspond to S-S bonding (persulphide). The new sulphosalt is a late phase in the crystallization sequence, and was formed after orpiment, contemporaneously with quartz II, at a temperature between 157 and 193 degrees C. The name honours Dr Farahnaz Daliran (University of Karlsruhe, Germany) in recognition of her outstanding contributions to research on ore deposits, especially Au, Zn and Fe, in Iran.

The Capillitas deposit is part of the Farallon Negro Volcanic Complex, Catamarca Province, northwestern Argentina. The epithermal mineralization is related to the Capillitas diatreme, a volcanic pipe composed of intrusive and volcanoclastic rocks of rhyolitic to dacitic composition of Miocene age which is located in the granitic basement block of the Sierra de Capillitas. The deposit consists of numerous mineralized veins which crosscut the diatreme volcanics and the adjacent Capillitas granite. The different geological environments, the alteration features and the ore mineralogy enable to distinguish between highand intermediate-sulfidation environments, which are overprinted by supergene processes. The first group is accompanied by advanced argillic alteration and silicification and in the second rhodochrosite and quartz are the predominant gangue minerals. The polymetallic character of the Capillitas epithermal deposit is clearly emphasized by its complex Cu-Pb-Zn-Fe-MnAs-Sb paragenesis, with minor W, Bi, Sn, Te, Ag and Au and traces of Ge, Cd, In, V, Ni and Tl, present in more than 150 different minerals. Additionally, Capillitas represents the type locality for the two new mineral species putzite and catamarcaite. The hydrothermal vein system at Capillitas was formed under strongly changing p-T-X conditions. Cu, As, Te, Sn, Bi and Au represent the key metals of the high-sulfidation stage whereas the metal association Zn-Pb-Ag is typical for the intermediate-sulfidation stage. Based on fluid inclusion studies, the Capillitas deposit can be characterized by temperatures of ore formation mostly below 300 °C and low salinities (< 6 wt. % NaCl equivalent).

Coiraite, ideally (Pb,Sn2+)(12.5)As3Fe2+Sn54+S28, occurs as an economically important tin ore in the large Ag-Sn-Zn polymetallic Pirquitas deposit, Jujuy Province, NW-Argentina. The new mineral species is the As derivative of franckeite and belongs to the cylindrite group of complex Pb sulphosalts with incommensurate composite-layered structures. It is a primary mineral, frequently found in colloforni textures, and formed from hydrothermal solutions at low temperature. Associated minerals are franckeite, cylindrite, pyrite-iliarcasite, as well as minor amounts of hocartite, Ag-rich rhodostannite, arsenopyrite and galena. Laminae of coiraite consist of extremely thin bent platy crystals up to 50 mu m long. Electron microprobe analysis (n = 31) gave an empirical formula Pb11.21As2.99Ag0.13 Fe1.10Sn6.13S28.0, close to the ideal formula (Pb11.3Sn1.22+)(Sigma=12.5)As3Fe2+Sn54+S28. Coiraite has two monoclinic sub-cells, Q (pseudotetragonal) and H (pseudohexagonal). Q: a 5.84(1) angstrom, b 5.86(1) angstrom, c 17.32(1) angstrom, beta 94.14(1)degrees, V 590.05(3) angstrom(3), Z = 4, a:b:c = 0.997:1:2.955; H (orthogonal setting): a 6.28(1) angstrom, b 3.66(1) angstrom, c 17.33(1) angstrom, beta 91.46(1)degrees, V 398.01(6) angstrom(3), Z = 2, a:b:c = 1.716:1:4.735. The strongest Debye-Scherrer camera X-ray powder-diffraction lines [d in angstrom, (I), (hkl)] are: 5.78, (20), (Q and H 003); 4.34, (40), (Q 004); 3.46, (30), (Q and H 005); 3.339, (20), (Q 104); 2.876, (100), (Q and H 006); 2.06, (60), (Q 220).

AbstractCoiraite, ideally (Pb,Sn2+)12.5As3Fe2+Sn4+S28, occurs as an economically important tin ore in the large Ag-Sn-Zn polymetallic Pirquitas deposit, Jujuy Province, NW-Argentina. The new mineral species is the As derivative of franckeite and belongs to the cylindrite group of complex Pb sulphosalts with incommensurate composite-layered structures. It is a primary mineral, frequently found in colloform textures, and formed from hydrothermal solutions at low temperature. Associated minerals are franckeite, cylindrite, pyrite-marcasite, as well as minor amounts of hocartite, Ag-rich rhodostannite. arsenopyrite and galena. Laminae of coiraite consist of extremely thin bent platy crystals up to 50 urn long. Electron microprobe analysis(n =31) gave an empirical formula Pb11.21As2.99Ag0.13Fe1.10Sn6.13S28.0close to the ideal formula (Pb11.3Sn2+1.2)Σ=12.5As3Fe2+Sn4+S28. Coiraite has two monoclinic sub-cells,Q(pseudotetragonal) andH(pseudohexagonal).Q: a5.84(1) Å,b5.86(1) Å, c 17.32(1) Å, β 94.14(1)°, F 590.05(3) Å3, Z = 4,a:b:c =0.997:1:2.955; H (orthogonal setting):a6.28(1) Å,b3.66(1) Å, c 17.33(1) Å, β 91.46(1)°,V398.01(6) Å3, Z= 2, a∶b∶c =1.716∶1∶4.735. The strongest Debye-Scherrer camera X-ray powder-diffraction lines[din Å,(I), (hkl)]are: 5.78, (20),(QandH003); 4.34, (40),(Q004); 3.46, (30),(Qand H 005); 3.339, (20),(Q104); 2.876, (100),(Qand H 006); 2.068, (60),(Q220).

The crystal structure of berryite, ideally Cu3Ag2Pb3Bi7S16, monoclinic, a 12.703(2), b 4.0305(7), c 28.925(5) angstrom, beta 102.484(2)degrees, space group P2(1)/m, Z = 2, D-calc = 6.899 g/cm(3), has been solved by direct methods and refined to an R-1 index of 6.4% for 2352 unique reflections measured with MoK alpha X-radiation on a three-circle diffractometer equipped with a CCD area-detector. There are fifteen unique Me sites and sixteen S sites in the asymmetric unit. Three Pb sites and two Bi sites are located on the surfaces of PbS-like slabs four layers thick, of two kinds; four Bi sites and two Ag sites are located in the interior of the slabs. Copper atoms in triangular coordination lie in a single S layer, with pseudohexagonal geometry. One Bi site straddles the interspace between the PbS-like slab and the S-Cu layer. Three primitive pseudotetragonal subcells of the PbS-like slab match with two orthohexagonal subcells of the Cu-S layer; this semicommensurate lock-in structure is made possible by the extension of the a parameter of the PbS-like slab by insertion of wide AgS2+4 octahedra (linear S-Ag-S coordinations). The structure determined allowed us to derive model structures of orthorhombic berryite (a polytypic variant) and of watkinsonite, Cu2PbBi4(Se,S)(8). Structures of Ca2Sb2S5 and La4In5S13 follow the same modular principles.