Pestalotiopsis-like taxa encompass a diverse group of fungi that are often associated with plant diseases, unique ecological interactions such as endophytism, and the production of novel chemical metabolites. Traditionally, classifying pestalotiopsis-like taxa has been challenging due to their significant phenotypic plasticity and the overlapping morphological characteristics among species. Identifying certain isolates at the species level remains problematic, or even impossible, with current DNA sequencing methods, which highlights issues with defining species boundaries. To refine species boundaries, we integrated evidence from single-gene phylogenies (ITS, tef1, and tub2), multi-gene phylogenetic analyses combined with species delimitation methods (GCPSR—genealogical concordance phylogenetic species recognition; PTP—Poisson tree processes; mPTP—multi-rate Poisson tree processes; ABGD—automatic barcode gap discovery; and ASAP—assemble species by automatic partitioning), and genomic metrics including average nucleotide identity (ANI) and the proportion of shared core gene clusters within the pangenome. Two novel species, Neopestalotiopsis camelliae and Pseudopestalotiopsis dasymaschalonis, are introduced based on integrative analyses. Evidence of over-splitting was detected across all three genera. Consequently, five species complexes—Pe. adusta species complex, Pe. brassicae species complex, Pe. clavata species complex, Pe. rosea species complex, and Ps. cocos species complex—are established to accommodate lineages that form monophyletic clades in both multi-gene and genome-scale phylogenies but exhibit short internal branches, low statistical support, and indistinct species boundaries. Furthermore, 28 species are synonymized, including seven in Neopestalotiopsis, 18 in Pestalotiopsis, and three in Pseudopestalotiopsis. Overall, our findings highlight the necessity of integrating genomic evidence with traditional phylogenetic approaches to achieve reliable species delimitation and prevent taxonomic inflation in pestalotiopsis-like fungi.

The Miao is an ancient ethnic group that has continued to migrate throughout history, forming a rich cultural heritage. Songtao Miao is the earlier settled Miao in Guizhou, and different branches and different dialects have been formed among the Miao in the mountainous areas of Guizhou. Since the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Songtao area, as a "passport" between Guizhou Province and the outside world, has absorbed the cultures of other ethnic groups, and this is how Songtao Miao wedding songs have been formed. However, with the development of culture, the wedding songs has been changing: the grammatical structure, singing rhythm and singing occasions have become more diversified, and Chinese vocabulary has been widely used in the wedding songs. Based on previous studies, this paper explores the changes of Miao wedding songs in Songtao, including the continuous enrichment of Songtao Miao wedding song lyrics since the Qing Dynasty, the changes of Songtao Miao wedding songs with the change of regimes, and the singing of classics such as the "Ancient Songs of the Miao People", and the addition of lifelike singing styles.

Twenty-one strains of Arthrinium were cultured from leaf samples of ten medicinal plant hosts in Yunnan Province, China. Morphological and multi-locus ITS+TUB+TEF1 sequence analyses revealed that the strains represented two previously described species ( A. paraphaeospermum and A. rasikravindrae ) and two new species: Arthrinium cordylines , which produces subglobose conidia that are shorter and wider than A. aureum but larger than A. hydei , and Arthrinium pseudomarii , which produces subglobose to ellipsoid conidia narrower than A. hispanicum , A. marii , and A. mediterranei.

Three strains of the genusDiaporthewere isolated from different plant hosts in south-western China. Phylogenetic analyses of the combined ITS,β-tubulin,tef1 and calmoudulin dataset indicated that these strains represented three independent lineages inDiaporthe.Diaporthe millettiaesp. nov.clustered withD. hongkongensisandD. arecae,Diaporthe osmanthisp. nov.grouped withD. arengae,D. pseudomangiferaeandD. perseaeandDiaporthestrain GUCC9146, isolated fromCamellia sinensis, was grouped in theD. eresspecies complex with a close relationship toD. longicicola. These species are reported with taxonomic descriptions and illustrations.