The concentration of glutathione in the human body has a significant impact on health, which highlights the increasing urgency to develop highly sensitive methods for its detection. In this study, indium tin oxide (ITO) conductive glass was used as the substrate, and CNTs/Bi4VO8Br nanocomposites and CdS were sequentially modified, which were used as sensing and recognition elements. The usage of CNTs in the electrode design provides enhanced electron transfer rates due to their excellent conductivity, which ultimately results in an increase in the photocurrent intensity. Furthermore, the sensitization effect of CdS in the nanocomposite significantly improves the photocurrent intensity of the sensing system. Utilizing the exceptional photoelectrochemical properties of the aforementioned materials, a highly sensitive photoelectrochemical sensor has been developed for the detection of glutathione. The sensor effectively detects glutathione in the concentration range of 5-1000 mu mol/L, with a detection limit of 0.67 mu mol/L (S/N = 3). Additionally, the constructed sensor exhibits excellent stability, specificity, and reproducibility.

Generally, the photoanodic photoelectrochemical (PEC) immunoassay method has an outstanding photocurrent and low detection limit, but its poor anti-interference ability in the detection of real samples restricts its performance. The photocathode immunoassay method has an excellent ability to see interference in actual sample detection, but it has its own defect in that the photocurrent is not obvious. Here, a promising new cathodic PEC immunosensing platform is reported, which integrates a photocathode and photoanode. The photoanode and photocathode are WO3/Mn:CdS composite modified and reduced graphene oxide (RGO) modified indium tin oxide (ITO) electrodes, respectively. In addition to an excellent PEC response, the immunosensor constructed by the integrating the photoanode and photocathode also has good anti-interference ability in actual sample analysis. The constructed immunosensor achieves accurate detection of NSE with a range from 5.0 pg/mL to 20 ng/mL, and the limit of detection (LOD) is 1.2 pg/mL. The proposed immunoassay method has good stability, selectivity and reproducibility. Moreover, it introduces new ideas for the construction of PEC immunosensors.

In this paper, a photoelectrochemical (PEC) immunosensor was constructed to detect neuron-specific enolase (NSE) with ITO/BiVO4/BiOI/Ag2S as photoanode and ITO/CuInS2 as photocathode. Due to its excellent photocurrent response, Ag2S sensitized BiVO4/BiOI composite was selected to provide stable photocurrent in place of the traditional Pt electrode. ITO/CuInS2 electrode was used to immobilize biomolecules, which solved the deficiency of poor anti-interference ability of single photoanode. Under the optimal experimental conditions, the PEC immunosensor had outstanding linear relationship within the range of NSE concentration from 5 pg/mL200 ng/mL, and the detection limit was 1.2 pg/mL. The constructed PEC immunosensor had two advantages. On the one hand, the PEC immunosensor was built on the photocathode, which had better anti-interference ability because of the separation of light capture and biomolecular recognition process. On the other hand, the introduction of photoanode increased the photocurrent response and reduced the detection limit of target antigen. The PEC immunosensor had good stability, reproducibility and specificity, and provided a broad prospect for the detection of other molecules.

In this paper, we constructed a sandwich-type photoelectrochemical (PEC) immunosensor for the quantitative detection of procalcitonin (PCT) based on the sensitization of Mn2+ doped CdS (CdS:Mn) nanocomposites to Bi2WO6 and the signal amplification effect of an upconversion material NaYF4:Yb,Tm. Bi2WO6 was synthesized with a three-dimensional flowered structure. CdS:Mn reduced the recombination of photogenerated carriers, and significantly improved photocurrent response. Lanthanide-doped upconversion nanomaterials were used as the label of secondary antibody. NaYF4:Yb,Tm have two functions, not only connected with the secondary antibody, but also can further amplify the photocurrent response. The proposed immunosensor for detecting PCT provided a desired linear range of 0.5 pg mL(-1)-100 ng mL(-1) and a detection limit of 0.13 pg mL(-1) under optimal experimental conditions. Besides, the PEC immunosensor demonstrated good reproducibility, specificity and stability. The results of determination of PCT in real human serum samples were satisfactory. Thus, the immunosensor may be applied in the clinical diagnosis of PCT and other biomarkers. (C) 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Medulloblastoma (MB) is a high-grade pediatric brain malignancy that originates from neuronal precursors located in the posterior cranial fossa. In this study, we evaluated the role of STAT3 and IL-6 in a tumor microenvironment mediated drug resistance in human MBs. We established that the Group 3 MB cell line, Med8A, is chemosensitive (hence Med8A-S), and this is correlated with a basal low phosphorylated state of STAT3, while treatment with IL-6 induced robust increases in pY705-STAT3. Via incremental selection with vincristine, we derived the stably chemoresistant variant, Med8A-R, that exhibited multi-drug resistance, enhanced IL-6 induced pY705-STAT3 levels, and increased IL6R expression. Consequently, abrogation of STAT3 or IL6R expression in Med8A-R led to restored chemosensitivity to vincristine, highlighting a prominent role for canonical IL-6/STAT3 signaling in acquired drug resistance. Furthermore, Med8A-S subjected to conditioning exposure with IL-6, termed Med8A-IL6+ cells, exhibited enhanced vincristine resistance, increased expression of pY705-STAT3 and IL6R, and increased secretion of IL-6. When cocultured with Med8A-IL6+ cells, Med8A-S cells exhibited increased pY705-STAT3 and increased IL-6 secretion, suggesting a cytokine feedback loop responsible for amplifying STAT3 activity. Similar IL-6 induced phenomena were also observed in the Group 3 MB cell lines, D283 and D341, including increased pY705-STAT3, drug resistance, IL-6 secretion and IL6R expression. Our study unveiled autocrine IL-6 as a promoter of STAT3 signaling in development of drug resistance, and suggests therapeutic benefits for targeting the IL-6/STAT3 signaling axis in Group 3 MBs.

With the rapid development of the Internet, the traditional stand-alone database cannot meet the needs of massive log storage and high concurrent users' access, so the distributed database came into being. The distributed database is faced with the challenge of data inconsistency due to the complexity of the local database that makes up the distributed database, such as physical location decentralization, different operating systems on the underlying layer and the different ISPs on the network, so this paper designs a distributed message middleware to synchronize heterogeneous database. The paper presents a method of capturing incremental data based on triggers and log tables to get dynamic incremental data after DML operations on the source database. The paper presents a reliable and real-time message transmission mechanism to guarantee the reliability of the message, namely the order consistency and the exactly-once semantics in the process of message transmission. The paper presents a method of generating full data based on real-time computation of incremental data to achieve the high scalability of the destination database and the high availability of the source database service. It can be seen that the paper designs a highly message-oriented reliable, highly architecture-oriented scalable and highly service-based available distributed message middleware to realize heterogeneous databases synchronization. Based on this distributed middleware, this paper designs and implements a prototype system named SUNVE that supports synchronization service from Oracle to PostgreSQL. The final test shows that: SUNVE strictly guarantees the data consistency between the destination database and the source database. The message transmission of SUNVE is the timeliest and its speed is nearly 2 times to that of Kafka and RocketMQ.