民间科学基金会是以推动科学发展为宗旨,利用捐赠及其他合法收入,支持非营利性科学活动的科技非政府组织,可分为科技奖励型、科学传播型、科学教育型、科研资助型、阿卡德米型和综合型等六种类型.它们能拓展科研经费来源、对科学进行“风险投资”、增加科学多样性、引领科研管理创新、丰富科技评价与激励手段、培育科学文化、开展科学外交和推动科技治理,有效提升了创新生态系统的品质.我国应大力发展民间科学基金会,发挥其鲶鱼效应,激发创新活力.

This article examines how contemporary Chinese engage with Western commentaries on Chinese in their identity construction. It concentrates on the responses of contemporary Chinese towards Chinese Characteristics, a book by Arthur Henderson Smith published in the late nineteenth century. Almost one hundred years after its publication, this old' book, however, enjoys great popularity in contemporary China. From 1991 to 2014, at least 29 editions have been published. Based on a study of 28 responses of contemporary Chinese towards this book, I argue that instead of being merely submissive or subversive to the authority of the Western text, contemporary Chinese actively appropriate the text for their own agendas of seeking for the Chinese identity, which manifests itself through self-criticism and self-declaration.

This study is based on behavioral theories and has the purpose of determining the predictors and contingencies of strategic decision making within the strategic tripod framework and CEO age effect. Furthermore, we focus on the effect of the interaction of these aspects on strategic decisions. Multiple theories and concepts are applied in this paper, such as the institution-, industry-, and resource-based view, upper echelons theory, socio-emotional wealth, empathy, and so on. Specifically, we focus on why Chinese real estate firms decide to enter the aged housing market. By conducting an empirical study using panel data from 134 listed Chinese real estate companies, we make the following conclusions: Institutional pressure and competitor numbers positively affect, whereas slack harms, the likelihood of entry. Ceteris paribus, the resource effect is strongest when the institutional effect is the most significant. When facing institutional pressure, a firm with a CEO older than 50 is significantly more likely to enter the aged housing market than firms with a CEO that is younger.Relieving institutional pressure and avoiding cutthroat competition are helpful in making strategic decisions but not for digesting slack resources. The CEO makes strategic decisions by replying to institutional pressure but likely not from engagements in resource or competitive affairs.

This study investigates how organizational slack affects corporate social performance (CSP). Our evidence, gathered from a sample of 1,299 Chinese listed companies, shows that only unabsorbed slack contributed to CSP and the positive relationship between unabsorbed slack and CSP is consistent with the same relationship of unabsorbed slack with corporate finance performance (CFP). Furthermore, absorbed slack was found to have a negative impact on CSP. Our hypotheses concerning the moderating effect of state ownership concentration on the relationship between slacks and CSP were not supported. Instead, the research finding indicates that the state ownership has a negative impact on the relationship between unabsorbed slack and CSP. This means the state ownership weakened unabsorbed slack's contribution to CSP.

Purpose – Although it has been proved in the macro level, that institutional quality (IQ) has significant influence on a country's economic growth, international trading, resource allocation, development strategy and others, its direct influence on micro level, or firm level still remains ambiguous. In this article, the authors aim to focus on the influence of IQ of a company's original region on its financial performance. The authors choose H share companies as the sample and try to answer an interesting question that whether original region matters during the development of a company in abroad stock market. Design/methodology/approach – This article uses a panel data of 120 H share firms, each ranges from 2005 to 2009. First, the authors use sectional analysis by SPSS19.0 to test the correlations and primary relationship among variables. Then, the authors use ordinary linear square (OLS) regression model to test the hypotheses with cross-sectional to reveal the primary results. In the end, the authors use STATA 11.0 to test panel data to decide the final results. Findings – The authors concluded that private sector development and product market development have positive effects on corporate financial performance, while laws and regulations development have negative effect. Type of the first shareholder plays an important role partly between region IQ and corporate financial performance: to governance-CFP relationship, non-state shareholders perform better than state ones; to product market-CFP relationship, state shareholders perform better non-state ones. Practical implications – In practices perspective, this conclusion is also inspirative. This study has implications for executives, too, and should help them to better manage their ownership structure. The results suggest that managers should choose first shareholder with critical thinking. Another way, this study has implications for governments-company interactions. It suggests that governments should engage in building an institution with high quality, so that every company will benefit from it. Originality/value – This article is the first research on region-level relationship between IQ and corporate financial performance, which is consistent with the multi-level structure of institution concept. And the authors employ H share companies as the sample, which revealed more about the conflict between governance and market embedded in regional institution.

This study investigates how organizational slack affects corporate social performance (CSP). Based on a sample of 1,299 Chinese listed firms, our results show that only unabsorbed slack contributes to CSP and the positive relationship between unabsorbed slack and CSP is consistent with the relationship between unabsorbed slack and corporate financial performance (CFP). Our results also show that absorbed slack generates a negative impact on CSP. Furthermore, our findings indicate that state ownership has a negative impact on the relationship between unabsorbed slack and CSP. This finding illustrates that state ownership weakens unabsorbed slack’s contribution to CSP.

Purpose - Although it has been proved in the macro level, that institutional quality (IQ) has significant influence on a country's economic growth, international trading, resource allocation, development strategy and others, its direct influence on micro level, or firm level still remains ambiguous. In this article, the authors aim to focus on the influence of IQ of a company's original region on its financial performance. The authors choose H share companies as the sample and try to answer an interesting question that whether original region matters during the development of a company in abroad stock market.Design/methodology/approach - This article uses a panel data of 120 H share firms, each ranges from 2005 to 2009. First, the authors use sectional analysis by SPSS19.0 to test the correlations and primary relationship among variables. Then, the authors use ordinary linear square (OLS) regression model to test the hypotheses with cross-sectional to reveal the primary results. In the end, the authors use STATA 11.0 to test panel data to decide the final results.Findings - The authors concluded that private sector development and product market development have positive effects on corporate financial performance, while laws and regulations development have negative effect. Type of the first shareholder plays an important role partly between region IQ and corporate financial performance: to governance-CFP relationship, non-state shareholders perform better than state ones; to product market-CFP relationship, state shareholders perform better non-state ones.Practical implications - In practices perspective, this conclusion is also inspirative. This study has implications for executives, too, and should help them to better manage their ownership structure. The results suggest that managers should choose first shareholder with critical thinking. Another way, this study has implications for governments-company interactions. It suggests that governments should engage in building an institution with high quality, so that every company will benefit from it.Originality/value - This article is the first research on region-level relationship between IQ and corporate financial performance, which is consistent with the multi-level structure of institution concept. And the authors employ H share companies as the sample, which revealed more about the conflict between governance and market embedded in regional institution.

Issues of undergraduates' psychological health have been one of the hottest topics of current society.Lacking of general knowledge of society,undergraduates may become positive,confused,wait-and-see or passive during the process of maturity in thoughts.The turbulence of psychological trend will lead to psychological anxiety.The faster the society changes,the stronger the psychological anxiety will be.In the course of society transformation,it has been a universal and concerned psychological problem of undergraduates.By literature reviews,we conducted six hypotheses.Empirical results revealed that academic pressure is positively related to psychological anxiety and depression,while negatively related to subjective well-being.Psychological capital moderates the relationship between independent variable and dependent variables.Limitations and future directions of present research are also discussed in this paper.

Based on dichotomy, we depart from the heated debate on the relationship between organizational slacks and corporate financial performance, focus on the relationship between organizational slacks and corporate social performance. This article is both a qualitative and quantitative one. Applying resource based view, industrial organization theory, and institutional theories, based on the empirical study of 233 Chinese listed companies, we draw out conclusions as follow: in the context of transition economy as China, listed companies' unabsorbed slacks are positive related to corporate social performance significantly; while absorbed slacks are negative related to corporate social performance significantly. Among these relationships, state-owned holding plays an positive moderating role, thus, it enhance the positive relationship between unabsorbed slacks and corporate social performance, and weaken the negative relationship between unabsorbed slacks and corporate social performance. We also explore the role of state-owned holding. We discuss the interaction between state-owned holding and organizational slacks, which make contributions to organizational efficiency- performance relationship study in transition economy. This article is the first one to test the relationship between organizational slacks and corporate social performances, and it open the new era in this area for further studies.