Nançay radio astronomy station teams are involved in several aspects of the Research and Development (R&D) for radio astronomy detectors and systems: i) Microelectronics: Low Noise Amplifiers (LNA), receiver on chip and system in package. The long-term goal is to provide sub-systems for the future Square Kilometer Array and its Pathfinders. A beamformer chip has been integrated in the FP6 SKADS dense aperture array technology demonstrator EMBRACE. Wide band SiGe LNAs are developed, beamformers with in-chip control are studied and more complex integrated receivers are designed for the european Aperture Array Verification Programme demonstrator. ii) Digital signal processing: EMBRACE beamforming has been implemented in the digital backend and RFI-mitigation oriented signal processing has been designed for realtime systems, including work for FP6 SKADS and FP7 PrepSKA. iii) A study of Phased Array Feeds has started in 2008, in order to study the radio electric properties of PAFs at the focus of large F/D telescopes, such as the Nançay Radio Telescope, as well as to test PAF systems in collaboration with the SPP/IRFU and LAL/IN2P3 laboratories. 1 Station de radioastronomie, 18330 Nançay, France 2 GEPI and Station de radioastronomie, Observatoire de Paris, Place Jules Janssen, 92190 Meudon, France 3 LESIA and Station de radioastronomie, Observatoire de Paris, Place Jules Janssen, 92190 Meudon, France 4 Institut PRISME, Université d’Orléans, 12 rue de Blois, BP 6744, 45067 Orléans Cedex 2, France c © EDP Sciences 2009 DOI: (will be inserted later) 2 The Title of this Volume

Nancay radio astronomy station teams are involved in several aspects of the Research and Development (R&D) for radio astronomy detectors and systems:i) Microelectronics: Low Noise Amplifiers (LNA), receiver oil chip and system in package. The long-term goal is to provide sub-systems for the future Square Kilometer Array and its Pathfinders. A beamformer chip has been integrated in the FP6 SKADS dense aperture array technology demonstrator EMBRACE. Wide band SiCe LNAs are developed, beamformers with in-chip control are studied and more complex integrated receivers are designed for the european Aperture Array Verification Programme demonstrator.ii) Digital signal processing: EMBRACE beamforming has been implemented in the digital backend and RFI-mitigation oriented signal processing has been designed for realtime systems, including work for FP6 SKADS and FP7 PrepSKA.iii) A study of Phased Array Feeds has started in 2008, in order to study the radio electric properties of PAFs at the focus of large F/D telescopes, such as the Nancay Radio Telescope, as well as to test PAF systems in collaboration with the SPP/IRFU and LAL/IN2P3 laboratories.

Three approaches to provide rib-periosteal or osteocutaneous composite tissue in maxillary or mandibular reconstruction are presented. All methods appear to be useful in replacing viable osteocytes and improving vascularity of maxillary or mandibular defects. Disadvantages include the bulk of the transplanted tissue, volume deficiency of bone, and the unreliability in viability of the associated cutaneous tissue, especially with the posterior and posterolateral approach. Significant patient morbidity and pulmonary complications in our series should indicate caution when considering these methods of reconstruction. At present, rib-periosteal transplantation is most often indicated to replace segmental defects of mandibular continuity when the recipient bed is avascular but the quantity of cutaneous cover is adequate. In those patients with deficient soft tissue and a small segmental mandibular loss, reconstruction with musculocutaneous flaps and nonvascularized bone grafts is indicated. With extensive deficiencies of both soft tissue cover and mandibular or maxillary continuity, an iliac osteocutaneous flap based on the deep circumflex iliac vessels may be the most effective. Lower patient morbidity statistics should be anticipated.