BACKGROUND:Models using a double-twist tension band, two partially threaded cancellous screws, a single-twist tension band, and a single-screw tension band were biomechanically compared for fixation of medial malleolus fractures. METHODS:All 72 composite cortical tibial bones used in the study were osteotomy suitable for medial malleolus fracture. They were divided into four groups: double-twist tension band (group 1), two partially threaded cancellous screws (group 2), single-twist tension band (group 3), and single-screw tension band (group 4), with 18 composite tibial bones in each group. Bones in each group were divided into three subgroups and subjected to biomechanical tests by applying force as tension, transverse, and axial loading. RESULTS:In the tension and transverse loading tests, the highest mean stiffness was in groups 1 and 4. Group 4 had statistically significantly higher stiffness values than groups 2 and 3. All of the other groups had statistically significantly higher stiffness values than group 2. A statistically significant difference was found comparing group 4 (with the highest value in the axial loading test) with the other groups. No significant difference was found between groups 1 and 3 in any of the biomechanical tests. CONCLUSIONS:Tension band method did not make a difference biomechanically when applied as a double or single twist. Single-screw tension band was found to be the most stable fixation method in tension, transverse, and axial loading tests. We think that the single-screw tension band method is a stable and suitable fixation method and should find more place in current surgical practices.

The purpose of this research is to identify the angle of pterygoid implant that have minimum equivalent stress and minimum equivalent strain using the finite element analysis (FEA) technique, based on the Frankfort Horizontal Plane. A three-dimensional maxilla model was reconstructed from a CT scan of a toothless patient. This model includes the cancellous and cortical bone. The facial region of a 58-year-old male patient with an atrophic maxilla and an angled pterygoid implant was imaged with CT in DICOM format. The raw DICOM data had a 0.3-mm section thickness. The MIMICS program created a three-dimensional model of the sections bone tissue. A dental implant with a diameter of 3.5 mm, a length of 16 mm, a conical shape, and a private thread design was placed in the pterygoid bone using SOLIDWORKS. This study investigated at how to place a pterygoid dental implant using both monocortical (at the end of the crest and cancellous bone) and bicortical (between the crest and basal bone) methods at 45, 55, 65, 75, and 85° relative to the Frankfort Horizontal Plane. Ten models were used for this study. CAD models were sent to ANSYS for loading. Boundaries of maxilla before force application are fixed from the zygomatic region. Human mastication was simulated using three load situations with the following characteristics, 150-N axial loading and 50-N lateral loading separately and 50-N lateral loading and 150-N axial loading simultaneously. Based on our studies and according to the Frankfort Horizontal Plane, placing the pterygoid implant at an 85° angle is the best in terms of bone stress. In terms of bone strain, it was found that placing the implant at 75 and 85° angles monocortically and bicortically respectively has the best outcome. This research concluded that an angle of 85° exhibits the minimum stress and strain effects on the surrounding bone tissue and the implant's structural integrity.

The combination of superior mechanical properties, corrosion resistance, and biological characteristics makes Ti-6Al-4V a widely used biomaterial. However, its clinical application as an orthopedic implant is limited by its hardness and weak osseointegration capacity. This study focuses on the development of a functionally graded biomaterial that has increased bioactivity and decreased mechanical mismatch with living tissue. In this scope, a novel radially functionally graded Ti-5Mo/hydroxyapatite (HA) biocomposite was successfully fabricated via pressure-assisted sintering using a specially designed mold that enabled directional HA enrichment toward the outer surface. This architectural design addresses the persistent challenge of combining mechanical reliability with biological functionality in load-bearing implants. Comprehensive characterization was performed, including x-ray diffraction (XRD), Rietveld refinement, optical and scanning electron microscopy (SEM/EDX), atomic force microscopy (AFM), contact angle measurements, and in vitro cytotoxicity assays using L929 fibroblast cells. Mechanical behavior was assessed through Brazilian splitting, three-point bending, microhardness, and tribological testing under both dry and corrosive conditions. The biocomposite exhibited a dual-phase α + β titanium matrix and HA-derived oxides in the surface layers, with a graded increase in porosity and hardness from the core to the periphery. Mechanical tests revealed a bending modulus of 22.4 GPa, close to that of cortical bone, while the surface showed enhanced roughness, hydrophilicity (contact angle 35.3°), and corrosion resistance. In vitro results confirmed the material's biocompatibility and superior cell viability in HA-rich regions. These findings demonstrate that the developed Ti-5Mo/HA FGM offers a structurally and biologically optimized solution for orthopedic and dental implant applications.

Background: The aim of study was to biomechanically compare the fixation of Jones fracture using headless cannulated screw, tension band, and two Kirschner wires. Methods: A total of 60 fourth-generation, fifth metatarsal synthetic bone models were divided into three groups according to the fixation techniques. A vertical load, oriented from plantar to dorsal and lateral to medial, was applied to the metatarsal specimen that were potted with molding material. The stiffness and fatigue values were compared between the three fixation groups. Results: In the plantar to dorsal load test, the stiffness values were found to be significantly higher in Group 1 compared to the other groups (P = .034, P = .013). No significant difference was found in the analysis in terms of fatigue values in plantar to dorsal load testing (P = .348, P = .416). No significant difference was found between compression screw and tension band groups in lateral to medial loading test, in terms of stiffness and fatigue values (P = .096, P = .762). However, the stiffness values and fatigue values of these two groups were found to be statistically significantly higher than the Kirschner wire group (P = .003, P = .002, P = .016, P = .023). Conclusions: The result of this study showed that the bicortical fixation of headless compression screw provides a more stable fixation than other fixation methods, especially in plantar to dorsal loading.

The relationship between implant thread design and dental bone arguably has an influence on the distribution of bone stresses. However, the existing data on the influence of the thread profiles on bone stresses is considerably conflicting. For example, some studies concluded that thread shape has a substantial effect on the intensity of bone stresses, while others revealed that thread shape has no effect on the intensity of bone stresses. Accordingly, this study aims to computationally investigate and compare the effect of dental implant thread design on bone stresses under axial loading using a finite element analysis (FEA) approach. A geometrical model of V-thread and square thread implants, with a fixed thread pitch of 0.8 mm and a depth of 42 mm, and the surrounding bone was developed to assess the stresses generated within the implant components and bone structure under a 114 N axial load. The simulation is primarily concerned with the von Mises stresses within the implant components and the surrounding bone. The results demonstrate that the V-thread implant causes extremely high stress on the cortical and cancellous bones compared to the square thread implant. For example, the maximum stresses induced in the cortical bone are 195.3 MPa and 68.8 MPa, while the maximum stresses created in the cancellous bone are 19.7 Mpa and 2.2 Mpa in both designs, respectively. In addition, the cortical bone stresses substantially exceed the implant body stresses in both designs, with maximum stresses of 93.18 Mpa and 41 Mpa for V-thread and square-thread implants, respectively. However, the implant thread shape doesn’t affect the stress distribution in the abutment and screw. In general, the results show that implant thread design can result in featured mechanical stresses in the implant body and bone structure.

In this study, short-stem and long-stem hip prostheses were compared mechanically. The prosthesis and bones are computer modeled and combined to examine the mechanical performance of prosthesis. For the evaluation of the results, the equivalent stress values in the prosthetic components and cement were taken into account. As a result, it has been predicted that the use of a short stem is more advantageous in terms of implant damage and may have the potential to replace long stem hip prosthesis by making design improvements in the total hip surgical operations.

Bu çalışmada kısa saplı ve uzun saplı kalça protezleri mekanik açıdan karşılaştırılmıştır. Protez ve kemikler bilgisayar ortamında modellenmiş ve protezlerin mekanik performansını incelemek amacıyla birleştirilmiştir. Sonuçların değerlendirilmesi için protez komponentleri ve çimentoda oluşan eş değer gerilme (von Mises) değerleri dikkate alınmıştır. Sonuç olarak, total kalça ameliyatlarında kısa saplı protez kullanımın implant hasar açısından daha avantajlı olduğu ve tasarımsal iyileştirmeler yaparak uzun saplı kalça protezinin yerini alma potansiyeline sahip olabileceği öngörülmüştür.

Background:In this study, we aimed to investigate the natural properties of ascending aortic aneurysms and to compare dilated aortic tissues of patients with ascending aortic aneurysms and the non-pathological aortic tissues of cadavers.Methods:Between January 2017 and January 2020, a total of 14 patients (12 males, 2 females; mean age: 66.6±8.4 years; range, 54 to 77 years) who underwent elective ascending aortic surgery without genetic disease or family history in the etiology were included in the study. Aortic tissues taken from the patients with ascending aortic aneurysms and cadavers without any aortic pathology were compared histopathologically and biomechanically. An experienced pathologist performed a histological evaluation with appropriate staining and scoring. In the biomechanical examination, stress-strain curves were created with the uniaxial tensile test. The instantaneous elastic modulus was calculated based on the first regions of the curves (Ei) and the slopes of the linear region close to rupturing (Es).Results:In the pathological examination, there was no statistically significant difference in the parameters of both the patient and control groups (p>0.05). In the biomechanical examination, Ei values were significantly higher in the patients with ascending aortic aneurysms, while Es values were comparable between the groups (p=0.028 and p=0.609, respectively).Conclusion:Our study results showed that the tissues of the ascending aortic aneurysm were much more rigid, although no significant histopathological changes were detected. These findings are meaningful in understanding the structure of normal and pathological aortic tissue.

PurposeThe anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is crucial in maintaining knee stability. Some motion mechanisms, which are common in sports, cause excessive load to be passed on the ACL. In non-contact ACL injuries, the ACL cannot sustain the high stress and becomes injured or ruptures in the valgus-external rotation mechanism (VERM) and varus-internal rotation mechanism (VIRM). The mechanical strength of the grafts used to repair the torn ligament varies. The purpose of this study is to look at the alterations in the menisci after anterior cruciate ligament repair with autografts and synthetic grafts in cases of non-contact re-injury mechanisms.MethodsIn the finite element analysis, VERM and VIRM motions of the injury were simulated with different ACL graft materials. During the simulations of these mechanism motions with polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and patellar tendon (PT), the contact pressures, contact areas, and von mises stress values created in the medial and lateral meniscus were compared.ResultsThe peak contact pressures on the menisci during the VERM are higher than the peak contact pressures during the VIRM, except for one variation. The peak contact pressure of the medial meniscus is almost the same for both graft materials and mechanisms. Furthermore, the peak contact pressures in the menisci are higher than in the VERM. For all injury mechanisms, the peak contact stresses on the lateral meniscus are higher than on the medial meniscus.ConclusionsThe findings suggest that VERM can induce further knee joint injury. It was found that the PET will lessen the pressure on the menisci even more. It is also advantageous since it does not damage the anterior extremities and transmits less pressure to the menisci. In conclusion, using a high-strength ACL is healthier for the menisci. Even though synthetic grafts are not clinically preferred, the study demonstrates that enhancing the material properties of synthetic grafts will increase the chance of their use in the future, based on the current results.

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY We aimed to evaluate the biomechanical properties of quadriceps tendon graft with a bone plug ending (QTBP) and a quadriceps graft with a tendinous ending(QTT) fixed on the femoral side with different fixation devices. MATERIAL AND METHODS Twenty-five paired 2-year-old calf QTs and 25 paired 2-year-old sheep femurs were used for this study. 90x8 mm central part of the quadriceps tendons with or without a bone plug was harvested. 8×25 mm tunnel was placed in lateral condyles. The QTT was fixed with four different fixation devices, including the adjustable suspensory system (QTT-ASS, group 1), biodegradable interference screws (QTT-BIS, group 2), titanium interference screws (QTT-TIS, group 3), and an adjustable suspensory system + biodegradable interference screws (QTT-(ASS+BIS), group 4); QTBP was fixed with titanium interference screws (QTBP-TIS, group 5). All groups were tested in a servohydraulic materials testing machine. Stiffness(N/mm), slippage of the tendon(mm), and the ultimate tensile load-bearing ability(N) of the groups were tested. The Kruskal-Wallis H test was used with the Monte Carlo simulation technique to compare the nonparametric variables of stiffness, slippage, and ultimate tensile load. Dunn's test was used for the post hoc analyses. RESULTS Group 3 had the stiffest fixation (median 45.09 N/mm). The amount of slippage was highest in group 1(median 6.41mm). Group 1 was the most resistant group against a tensile load during the load-to-failure test(464 N). Fixing the QTT with the ASS and BIS in group 4 increased both stiffness and ultimate tensile load strength. There was no significant difference between the QTBP and QTT fixed with titanium screws. Fixing QTT with titanium screws was significantly superior to fixation with BIS(p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that QTBP fixation with TIS have no advantage over QTT fixation with TIS on the femoral side. Although the QTT group fixed with ASS was the most resistant group against tensile forces during load-to-failure test, amount of slippage was highest for this group as well. Thus, if an ASS is to be used, a strong tension force must be applied prior to tibial side fixation to prevent further slippage of the graft in the tunnel. Key words: anterior cruciate ligament, quadriceps tendon graft, femoral side, fixation, biomechanical properties.

BACKGROUND:Distal osteotomy of the first metatarsal is a widely used method for the correction of mild-to-moderate hallux valgus deformities. The objective of this study was to compare the stability of headless compression screws, kirschner wires and absorbable pins in terms of stiffness and maximum load in distal oblique metatarsal osteotomy.METHODS:A total of 30 4th generation first metatarsal synthetic bone models were divided into three groups according to the fixation techniques. The stiffness of the first metatarsal was calculated as the slope of the linear curve that fit with the first linear part of the force displacement curve. The failure strength was recorded as the maximum load. The stiffness and maximum load values in the axillary and transverse configurations were compared between the three fixation groups.RESULTS:The stiffness was statistically higher in Group K and Group C compared to Group B in both axial and transverse loading. Similarly, the maximum load was significantly higher in both Group K and Group C compared to Group B in both loading conditions. No significant difference was found between Group K and Group C in stability. The higher failure strength was obtained with headless compression screws (113.34±35.88 N) in the axial loading. The lowest failure strength was found in the absorbable pins technique (16.17±7.72 N) in the transverse loading.CONCLUSION:No significant difference was found between the Kirschner wires and headless compression screws techniques, although the highest strength was obtained with headless compression screws that are increasingly used in orthopedic practice.

Üç boyutlu (3B) yazıcı teknolojisi, günümüzde sıklıkla tercih edilmeye başlayan, önemli ve popüler teknolojidir. Bu teknoloji gelecekte üretimin farklı alanlarında kullanılabilir olması ile tasarımdaki kısıtlılıklar tamamen ortadan kalkacaktır. Bununla birlikte, 3B yazıcı teknolojisi sınırlı yapı hacmine sahiptir. Bu sebeple, oluşturulan hacim parçalı tasarlanır ve bu parçalar gövdeyi oluşturmak için birbirine bağlanır. Hacimce büyük bir modelin 3B yazıcılardan çıktısını alırken bölümlendirilmiş parçaların bağlantısı çeşitli bağlantı tipleri ile yapılabilmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, 3B yazıcı ile imal edilen parçalı bir üründe kullanılan bağlantı tiplerinin mukavemet açısından değerlendirmek ve en uygun bağlantı tipini belirlemektir. Bu çalışmada, parçaları birbirine bağlamak için dört farklı bağlantı tipi oluşturulmuştur. Bu bağlantı tiplerinin mukavemetini değerlendirmek için standart çekme numunesi tasarımı yapılmış ve bu tasarım ortadan ikiye ayrılarak üretilmiştir. İki parça olarak üretilen çekme numunesi japon yapıştırıcısı (siyanoakrilat), pim, kaynak ve hem kaynak hem de yapıştırıcı (siyanoakrilat) ile birbirine bağlanmıştır. Çekme numunesinin parçalanmamış tek parçalı hali referans numune olarak üretilmiştir. Her grup için yedişer adet üretilen parçalar, üniversal çekme test cihazı ile çekme testine tabi tutulmuştur. Çekme testi sonunda, maksimum çekme kuvveti ve yer değiştirme değerleri elde edilmiş ve bu değerlere göre gerilme, gerinim ve elastik modülleri hesaplanmıştır. Sonuç olarak, 3B kalem kullanılarak yapılan kaynakta en yüksek gerilme ve elastik modül değerleri hesaplanmıştır. Pim ile birbirine bağlanan parçaların en düşük mukavemete sahip olduğu belirlenmiştir. Referans model ile karşılaştırıldığında, tüm bağlantı tipleri parça mukavemetinde minimum %37 azalmaya yol açmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre, mukavemeti en iyi sağlayan bağlantı tipi 3B yazıcı kalemi kullanılarak yapılan kaynak bağlantı tipidir.

Bu çalışmada, perkütan koroner girişimleri detaylandırılarak yapılan hizmet sayıları ile bu işlemlerin maliyetlerine yönelik inceleme yapılmıştır. Kocaeli ilinde bir özel hastanede kardiyoloji bölümüne başvuran hastalara uygulanan 2018 yılı birinci ayından 2019 yılı üçüncü ayının sonuna kadar olan veriler değerlendirmeye alınmıştır. İncelememiz sonucunda erkek hastaların kadın hastalara oranla yaklaşık iki kat daha fazla olduğu gözlemlenmiştir. Yapılan işlem adet sayılarının özellikle yaz aylarında azaldığı ve kış aylarına doğru artış gösterdiği tespit edilmiştir. Elde edilen veriler ışığında, kişilerin kalp sağlığı açısından kış aylarına dikkat etmeleri gerektiği ortaya konulmuştur. Ayrıca 61-75 yaş aralığının en fazla işlem yapılan yaş olduğu ortaya çıkmıştır. Maliyet açısından en fazla maliyetin ilaçlı stent olduğu anlaşılmaktadır. Bu kapsamda, ortalama yaşlardaki hastalar için yapılan işlemlerin kurumlara fazla yük getirdiği anlaşılmaktadır. Toplum kalp sağlığı açısından kurumlara yansıyan maliyetler de düşünülerek çıkarımlar yapılırsa, sağlık harcamalarının düşürülmesi adına ülkemizde bireylerde sağlığı koruma bilincinin artırılmasının hem birey hem de devlet adına yarar sağlayacağı öngörülmüştür.

Omurga sorunlarında sıklıkla pedikül vida ve rod sistemleri kullanılır. Bu sistemlerin en büyük sorunları vida kırılması ve vida gevşemesidir. Vida ve rod malzemesi olarak halihazırda metalik implantlar kullanılmaktadır ve metalik implantların elastik modüllerinin yüksek olması sebebi ile kemiğe yük aktarımında sıkıntılar oluşabilmektedir. Bu çalışmada, metalik implantlara göre elastiklik modülü daha düşük olan ve son zamanlarda kullanımı artan Polilaktik Asit (PLA) malzemesi ve bu malzemeden oluşturulan Polilaktik Asit/Hidroksiapatit (PLA/HA) kompozit malzemesinin pedikül vidalarında kullanılabilirliği mukavemet yönünden değerlendirilmiştir. Bu amaçla sonlu elemanlar yöntemi kullanılmıştır. T9 omurga modeli MIMICS yazılımı ile oluşturulmuş ve vida-rod modelleri ile ameliyat prosedürüne uygun olarak bilgisayar ortamında birleştirilmiştir. Sonlu elemanlar analizi için pedikül vida malzemeleri Ti6Al4V, PLA ve PLA/HA malzemeleri seçilmiştir. Ayrıca, pedikül vida modeli üzerinde tasarım değiştirerek iki farklı model daha analize katılmıştır. Yapılan 5 farklı analiz sonuçları karşılaştırılmış ve en uygun pedikül malzemesi/tasarımı belirlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak, PLA/HA kompozit malzeme kullanımı yeterli mukavemete ve rijitliğe sahip olmuştur. Ayrıca, vida tasarım değişikliği ile PLA malzemesi pedikül vidalar için kullanılabilir.

Background: Distal chevron osteotomy (DCO) is commonly performed in hallux valgus surgery. The fixation of the osteotomy is provided by various implants. The usage of biodegradable implants such as magnesium is gradually increasing due to the advantages they provide. In this study, we aimed to compare the fixation of DCO with magnesium or titanium screw biomechanically. Methods: Twenty sawbones were used. The samples were divided into two equal groups, including ten sawbones for fixation with single headless titanium (group-1) or magnesium screw (group-2). DCO and screw fixations were performed on all samples using the same technique. Biomechanical testing was applied to five samples in each group in cantilever and the other five in a physiological configuration using a computer connected to the electromechanical test machine. The obtained data were evaluated using the Shapiro–Wilk test, Student’s t-test and Mann–Whitney U test on the IBM® SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) V22.0 software. Significance was accepted at the p < 0.05 level. Results: There was no statistically significant difference between the magnesium screw and the titanium screw in terms of maximum force, maximum displacement and stiffness measurements in cantilever and physiological loadings ( p > 0.05 for all). Conclusion: This study found no significant difference in biomechanical stability between the magnesium and titanium screws in DCO fixation on sawbones. Further studies with real bones are needed. Keywords biomechanics , chevron osteotomy , hallux valgus , magnesium screw , titanium screw

Fuji prescale pressure sensitive films (FPPSF) are generally used in biomechanical applications to measure the pressure distributions and the contact areas between two contact surfaces as in coloured stains. FPPSFs are usually calibrated based on the calibration methods using regression analysis to obtain a specific calibration curve. However, researchers in literature achieve different calibration curves based upon their tests and different processes. The purpose of this study is to examine the calibration stains (data) obtained experimentally using the FPPSF samples compressed between two smooth flat surfaces to indicate contact pressures. The gray-level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) was used to evaluate the uniformity of the sample stains for quantitative evaluation of uniform distribution of the sample stains. Moreover, the generated calibration data is also compared and validated statistically with the related calibration curves presented in the available literature. As a result, the parameter of energy property of GLCM can be practicable to check the image uniformity of samples in order for performing the accuracy of a generated curve.

In this study, effects of the Dynamic Hip Screw (DHS) positions on its failure are investigated in unstable femur fracture using Finite Element Analysis (FEA). The failures of DHS were emphasised in the latest several case studies. In order to create 3D computerised models, the unstable femur fractures were generated in the trochanteric region of the femur obtained from Computerised Tomography Images. The DHS model in 3D CAD form was placed in nine different positions into the fractured femur. Two different Tip-Apex distances (TAD) (20 and 25 mm) were used for each DHS positions. In the FEA, muscles and body forces were applied to the femur according to the maximum value based on regular walking. The best position and TAD value were determined according to the von Mises stresses calculated on the DHS. The FEA calculation showed that the minimum stress value was obtained on the DHS placed in the middle and superior regions of femur head. Higher TAD value (25 mm) were decrease the von Mises stresses of the DHS. In conclusion, the calculated results suggest that the best DHS position is in the spherical centre of the femur head considering the failures of both femur and DHS together.

Background: Distal chevron osteotomy (DCO) is commonly performed in hallux valgus surgery. The fixation of the osteotomy is provided by various implants. The usage of biodegradable implants such as magnesium is gradually increasing due to the advantages they provide. In this study, we aimed to compare the fixation of DCO with magnesium or titanium screw biomechanically. Methods: Twenty sawbones were used. The samples were divided into two equal groups, including ten sawbones for fixation with single headless titanium (group-1) or magnesium screw (group-2). DCO and screw fixations were performed on all samples using the same technique. Biomechanical testing was applied to five samples in each group in cantilever and the other five in a physiological configuration using a computer connected to the electromechanical test machine. The obtained data were evaluated using the Shapiro–Wilk test, Student’s t-test and Mann–Whitney U test on the IBM® SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) V22.0 software. Significance was accepted at the p < 0.05 level. Results: There was no statistically significant difference between the magnesium screw and the titanium screw in terms of maximum force, maximum displacement and stiffness measurements in cantilever and physiological loadings ( p > 0.05 for all). Conclusion: This study found no significant difference in biomechanical stability between the magnesium and titanium screws in DCO fixation on sawbones. Further studies with real bones are needed.

Objectives: This study aims to analyze and compare total deformations with tension band wiring (TBW), intramedullary screw (IS) and novel suture anchor (SA) fixation methods, and to investigate practicality of SA fixation in olecranon fractures using finite element analysis (FEA). Materials and methods: This finite element analysis study was conducted between May 2019 and October 2019. TBW, IS and SA fixation methods were compared in order to analyze fracture behavior in the ulna and humerus using FEA, which is among the mathematical methods of stress analysis. Boundary conditions were applied to the created model and total deformation amounts were compared among the methods in terms of displacement. Results: The lowest amount of displacement was obtained with TBW method (1.2095 mm), while IS method (2.7703 mm) showed the highest amount of total displacement. Total displacement was lower with SA system (2.0397 mm) compared to IS fixation. In addition, no problem was observed with SA system in terms of failure occurrence. Conclusion: According to the results of FEA, although the lowest amount of displacement was obtained with TBW, it is concluded that anchor fixation method may be an alternative with practicality and mechanical properties. However, further studies are needed to obtain more precise data.