Entre las más recientes, y a su vez, prometedoras e innovadoras tecnologías orientadas a la mejora de las propiedades superficiales de materiales metálicos, se encuentra el tratamiento superficial mediante ondas de choque generadas por láser (Laser Sh

Uno de los principales factores que determinan la viabilidad de la aplicación industrial de la tecnología DLM es la productividad del proceso, que, a su vez, viene determinada por el flujo de partículas metálicas que se inyectan durante la aplicación

La productividad en el proceso de Fusion Selectiva por Laser (SLM por sus siglas en ingles) esta directamente relacionada con el espesor del lecho de polvo que se aplica repetidamente, en cada incremento, en el crecimiento del material consolidado durante la fabricacion por capas de la pieza. Aunque la mayoria de los fenomenos relevantes (difusividad limitada asociada al contacto de particulas, cambios de fase, gradientes de tension superficial asociados con la conveccion de Marangoni o incluso la conocida como Recoil Pressure), se consideran en los modelos con un pequeno espesor de capa (aproximadamente 20 μm - 40 μm), en el caso de espesores mas grandes (entre 100 μm y 200 μm), estos factores influyen fuertemente en el tamano y la forma del bano de fusion, lo que conduce a una geometria no trivial del material consolidado final. El presente trabajo propone el uso del metodo conocido como Arbitrary Lagrangean-Eulerian (metodo ALE) para resolver las ecuaciones termicas y de Navier-Stokes en el marco de una discretizacion dotada de movimiento libre para predecir simultaneamente la evolucion espacio-temporal de la temperatura y la dinamica asociada del bano de fusion. De este modo es posible usar un dominio continuo para representar el lecho de polvo, que, en lugar de un enfoque basado en la representacion de las particulas, es ventajosamente compatible con parametros de proceso realistas, donde el laser cubre largas trayectorias.

- Laser Shock Processing (LSP) is developed as a technique allowing the effective induction of residual stresses fields in metallic materials allowing a high degree of surface material protection against fatigue crack propagation, abrasive wear, chemical corrosion and other failure conditions. - This makes the technique specially suitable and competitive with presently use techniques for the treatment of heavy duty components in the aeronautical, nuclear and automotive industries. - However, the practical application of LSP treatments to real high reliability components is burdened by a lack of physical understanding of material transformation mechanisms and the subsequent process design capability. - By means of an integrated Modelling-Processing-Testing approach, the authors show the way for a reliable progress in the physical process understanding and gained process design capability assuring the desired components performance improvement sought through the application of LSP treatments. - A brief summary description of such integrated approach is described together with some examples of its application and a presentation of he most relevant challenges envisaged for real-scale process design and implementation.

1. Introduction: The Search for Hydrophobic Surfaces. 2. Basic Experimental Setup and Initial Results: Hydrophobicity Induced by Surface Patterning with Individual ns Laser Pulses. 3. The Next Step: Extended Surfaces Patterning with ns Laser Generated Channels. a) Effect of repetition rate / processing speed. b) Effect of hatch distance. 4. Generation of Withstanding Superhydrophobic Surfaces with 2DMicropillar Patterns 5. The Way for the Generation of Low Wettability and Bio-inspired Self-Cleaning Surfaces 6. Conclusions

Laser Shock Processing (LSP) is developed as a technique allowing the effective induction of residual stresses fields in metallic materials allowing a high degree of surface material protection against fatigue crack propagation, abrasive wear, chemical corrosion and other failure conditions, what makes the technique specially suitable and competitive with presently use techniques for the treatment of heavy duty components in the aeronautical, nuclear and automotive industries. The highly beneficial effect of LSP treatments has been demonstrated in the extension of life of test specimens with induced surface notches. The application of the LSP treatment to concrete high reliability components, particularly in the field of metallic materials of biomedical interest is envisaged. In the present communication, several experimental examples of the effects introduced in this kind of materials are shown along with some computational design tools developed in relation with typical prosthetical components. Additionally, the prospects for the application of the LSP treatment to new/advanced materials of biomedical interest are discussed.

The physically based UPM Integrated Modelling-Processing-Testing approach for the design of LSP treatments will be presented along with different examples of its application to realistic treatment design problems and with recent developments on laser-plasma interaction and diagnosis, shocked materials behavior description and process application to novel high reliability components of emerging interest.

- Laser shock processing (LSP) is increasingly applied as an effective technology for the improvement of mechanical properties in different types of metallic components, principally as a means of enhancement of their corrosion and fatigue life behavior. Specially wear resistance, stress corrosion cracking susceptibility and crack propagation rate seem to be material properties specially improved by LSP treatments. - On the other hand, Mg and its alloys have gained increasing relevance as natural biomaterials as their mechanical properties are in the same range as those corresponding to natural bone as well as due to their inherent bioreabsorbable properties. - In the present paper, the application of the LSP technology to biocompatible bioreabsorbable Mg alloys suitable for chirurgical implementation is envisaged, the experimental verification of the residual stresses fields induced under different processing conditions and the experimental characterization of the corresponding surface properties being specifically considered.

Laser Shock Processing (LSP) is developed as a technique allowing the effective induction of residual stresses fields in metallic materials allowing a high degree of surface material protection against fatigue crack propagation, abrasive wear, chemical corrosion and other failure conditions, what makes the technique specially suitable and competitive with presently use techniques for the treatment of heavy duty components in the aeronautical, nuclear and automotive industries. The highly beneficial effect of LSP treatments has been demonstrated in the extension of life of test specimens with induced surface notches. The application of the LSP treatment to concrete high reliability components, particularly in the field of metallic materials of biomedical interest is envisaged. In the present communication, several experimental examples of the effects introduced in this kind of materials are shown along with some computational design tools developed in relation with typical prosthetical components. Additionally, the prospects for the application of the LSP treatment to new/advanced materials of biomedical interest are discussed.

Laser Shock Processing (LSP) is as an effective technology for the improvement of surface and mechanical properties of metallic alloys and is an emerging technology in its way to production engineering in direct competence with other well established technologies as, i.e. shot peening. The technique is based on the application of a high intensity pulsed laser beam on a metallic target forcing a sudden vaporization of its surface into a high temperature and density plasma that immediately develops inducing a shock wave propagating into the material. The main advantage of this technique consists on its capability of inducing a relatively deep compression residual stresses field into metallic alloy pieces allowing an improved mechanical behaviour, explicitly, the life improvement under cyclic load connected with improved wear and corrosion resistance. The laser shock effects achieved by this method are comparable to those of shot-peening: that is, a local material compression linked to the generation and displacement of defects, surface state modification and, most important, a compressing residual stress field whose magnitude and depth into the material is generally associated with large improvements in fatigue resistance. Along with a description of the theoretical/computational and experimental methods developed by the authors for the predictive assessment and experimental implementation of LSP treatments, experimental results on the residual stress profiles and associated surface properties modification successfully reached under different LSP irradiation conditions in typical high strength materials will be presented in this paper.

- Laser Shock Processing (LSP) is developed as a technique allowing the effective induction of residual stresses fields in metallic materials allowing a high degree of surface material protection against fatigue crack propagation, abrasive wear, chemical corrosion and other failure conditions. - This makes the technique specially suitable and competitive with presently use techniques for the treatment of heavy duty components in the aeronautical, nuclear and automotive industries. - However, the practical application of LSP treatments to real high reliability components is burdened by a lack of physical understanding of material transformation mechanisms and the subsequent process design capability. - By means of an integrated Modelling-Processing-Testing approach, the authors show the way for a reliable progress in the physical process understanding and gained process design capability assuring the desired components performance improvement sought through the application of LSP treatments. - A brief summary description of such integrated approach is described together with some examples of its application and a presentation of the most relevant challenges envisaged for real-scale process design and implementation.