Deep neural networks (DNNs), while powerful, often suffer from a lack of interpretability and vulnerability to adversarial attacks. Concept bottleneck models (CBMs), which incorporate intermediate high-level concepts into the model architecture, promise enhanced interpretability. This study delves into the robustness of Concept Bottleneck Models (CBMs) against adversarial attacks, comparing their original and adversarial performance with standard Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs). The premise is that CBMs prioritize conceptual integrity and data compression, enabling them to maintain high performance under adversarial conditions by filtering out non-essential variations in input data. Our extensive evaluations across different datasets and adversarial attacks confirm that CBMs not only maintain higher accuracy but also show improved defense capabilities against a range of adversarial attacks compared to traditional models. Our findings indicate that CBMs, particularly those trained sequentially, inherently exhibit higher robustness against adversarial attacks than their standard CNN counterparts. Additionally, we explore the effects of increasing conceptual complexity and the application of adversarial training techniques. While adversarial training generally boosts robustness, the increment varies between CBMs and CNNs, highlighting the role of training strategies in achieving adversarial resilience.

INTRODUCTION:The Cognitive Distortions Questionnaire (CD-Quest) is an instrument that identifies logical errors or cognitive distortions and is used in trial-based cognitive therapy (TBCT). However, it had previously only been available for adults.OBJECTIVES:To develop and validate a version of the CD-Quest for teens (CD-Quest-T) aged 11 to 17 years and test its psychometric properties.METHOD:A total of 299 schoolchildren participated in the investigation. After content validity was assessed, the language was adapted for the target age group, and the length of the instrument was reduced to eight items (from the initial 15). Five cognitive therapists analyzed the content and structure of the items. Finally, to investigate the construct validity of the CD-Quest-T, the instrument was divided into a full scale and two subscales, which measure the frequency of the distortions and the intensity attributed to them, respectively.RESULTS:The overall internal consistency of the scale was α = 0.77, whereas subscale indices were α = 0.75 for the frequency scale and α = 0.73 for the intensity scale. Results from exploratory factor analysis and concurrent validity analysis indicated that the CD-Quest-T items have good psychometric properties and generate scores reliably.CONCLUSION:The psychometric properties of the CD-Quest-T demonstrate its adequacy for measurement of cognitive distortions in adolescents.

It is a qualitative research that aimed to get to know the discomforts experienced at the daily life of relatives of people admitted at the intensive care unit (ICU). It happened on a general ICU at a public hospital, in Salvador-BA, by the second half of 2009. Nine relatives of people admitted were interviewed. The technique used was the analysis from the Grounded Theory. The results showed that the interaction of the families with the reality of life threat from the relative admitted, had as main discomfort, the discontinuity in their daily life, which was characterized by four categories: Living the distress of a possible loss, difficulties to take care of themselves, facing a separation in the family, suffering with changes in their social and professional lives. These discomforts can be minimized by the healthcare team’s effectiveness to the demands of the family and the support of its social network.

PurposeThis study investigates organizational climate under the thriving at work perspective using a network approach. The authors demonstrate how organizational climate functions as a complex system and what relationships between variables from different dimensions are the most important to characterize the construct.Design/methodology/approachBy surveying 119,266 workers from 284 companies based in Brazil, the authors estimated a Gaussian graphical model with LASSO regularization for the complete dataset and for two subsets of cases randomly drawn from the whole dataset. The walktrap algorithm was applied for community detection, and a strong model for measurement invariance was fit to test whether the organizational climate is perceived similarly across groups.FindingsResults show that the networks estimated for both groups are quite consistent, with similar number of communities and items detected. The same pattern was found for the expected influence of each item. Measurement invariance was confirmed, showing that organizational climate is perceived similarly in both groups. The most important community detected and whose items have higher levels of centrality was organizational commitment, followed by a community centered around macro-organizational aspects covering cultural integrity, organizational agility and responsible leadership.Research limitations/implicationsStudies in the field have attested to the possibility of investigating the phenomenon from four (Campbell et al., 1970) to over 80 dimensions (Koys and DeCottis, 1991). As a result, since several dimensions have been produced to investigate organizational climate, there is no consensus on the quality and number of dimensions that should be considered to measure such a vast and multifaceted construct. Built on thriving at work perspective, eight dimensions were devised to cover a wide range of characteristics that distinguish organizational climate, including those related to Industry 4.0 (Coetzee, 2019). However, one may argue that a few dimensions, namely social responsibility, diversity and inclusion, or even more items describing work-life balance could expand the depth and breadth of the instrument and potentially trigger new associations that might eventually impose a new logic to the comprehension of climate as a system. Future studies combining the dimensions investigated in this study with other dimensions are therefore highly recommended for an even more comprehensive investigation.Practical implicationsThe results of this investigation show how to apply psychological networks to gain insights into different variables and dimensions of organizational climate. These findings can be used for the development of organizational policies focused on the most relevant aspects of organizational climate. This information would allow organizations to go beyond simply describing the individual frequencies for each item and could even be used to create a weighted scoring model that could prioritize variables with higher levels of centrality.Originality/valueTo the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study that investigates organizational climate using psychological networks; it provides a better understanding of the relationships established between items from different dimensions as opposed to the common cause framework whose focus is on the investigation of dimensions separately.

The amount of research investigating psychological networks has grown substantially over the last decade but to our knowledge this is the first study applying network analysismethodology to the fields of OB/HRM. As such, this study aims to provide researchers and practitioners with an easy-to-use syntax to conduct network analysis for the exploration of relationships among organizational behaviors. Unlike the mainstream techniques used in psychometrics (e.g., principal component analysis and structural equation modelling), which are constrained by the number of associations among variables or assumptions regarding dimensionality, network analysis is able to analyze the whole set of items at once in order to find the most representative associations among them. A step-by-step guide is provided with an example showing how to test potential relationships between engagement and authentic leadership using the R package bootnet. Besides information on edge-weights and centrality measures, this paper covers a bootstrapping procedure to test their accuracy and stability when small sample sizes are used. The possibilities of applications of psychological networks to organizational behavior and HRM practices are endless and can help overcome some of the limitations of the traditional statistical techniques applied to these fields.

The purpose of this work was to present evidences of validity for Orpheus Business Personality Inventory to the Brazilian population. Five experts contributed to the investigation of evidence content validity. In total, 938 individuals responded the test. To examine the evidences of construct validity, a Full Information Factor Analysis was carried out. The results of this exploratory study identified a group of items with low factor loadings. Cronbach’s alpha and omega coefficient were calculated to measure reliability in the scales, their values varied from .65 to .77, and from .53 to .77, respectively. Misfit measurements were also deployed using Rasch model all items presented adequate values. Future studies are needed to clearly define the adaptability to the population; however, the quality of the psychometric properties could be testified through evidences of content validity, internal structure and stability test-retest for OBPI, test-retest stability for OBPI, which may be an important selection test in Brazilian organizations.

The amount of research investigating psychological networks has grown substantially over the last decade but to our knowledge this is the first study applying network analysis methodology to the fields of OB/HRM. As such, this study aims to provide researchers and practitioners with an easy-to-use syntax to conduct network analysis for the exploration of relationships among organizational behaviors. Unlike the mainstream techniques used in psychometrics (e.g., principal component analysis and structural equation modelling), which are constrained by the number of associations among variables or assumptions regarding dimensionality, network analysis is able to analyze the whole set of items at once in order to find the most representative associations among them. A step-by-step guide is provided with an example showing how to test potential relationships between engagement and authentic leadership using the R package bootnet. Besides information on edge-weights and centrality measures, this paper covers a bootstrapping procedure to test their accuracy and stability when small sample sizes are used. The possibilities of applications of psychological networks to organizational behavior and HRM practices are endless and can help overcome some of the limitations of the traditional statistical techniques applied to these fields.

Hours of video are uploaded to streaming platforms every minute, with recommender systems suggesting popular and relevant videos that can help users save time in the searching process. Recommender systems regularly require video summarization as an expert system to automatically identify suitable video entities and events. Since there is no well-established methodology to evaluate the relevance of summarized videos, some studies have made use of user annotations to gather evidence about the effectiveness of summarization methods. Aimed at modelling the user's perceptions, which ultimately form the basis for testing video summarization systems, this paper seeks to propose: (i) A guideline to collect unrestricted user annotations, (ii) a novel metric called compression level of user annotation (CLUSA) to gauge the performance of video summarization methods, and (iii) a study on the quality of annotated video summaries collected from different assessment scales. These contributions lead to benchmarking video summarization methods with no constraints, even if user annotations are collected from different assessment scales for each method. Our experiments showed that CLUSA is less susceptible to unbalanced compression data sets in comparison to other metrics, hence achieving higher reliability estimates. CLUSA also allows to compare results from different video summarizing approaches. (C) 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

The purpose of this work was to present evidences of validity for Orpheus Business Personality Inventory to the Brazilian population.Five experts contributed to the investigation of evidence content validity.In total, 938 individuals responded the test.To examine the evidences of construct validity, a Full Information Factor Analysis was carried out.The results of this exploratory study identified a group of items with low factor loadings.Cronbach's alpha and omega coefficient were calculated to measure reliability in the scales, their values varied from .65 to .77, and from .53 to .77,respectively.Misfit measurements were also deployed using Rasch model all items presented adequate values.Future studies are needed to clearly define the adaptability to the population; however, the quality of the psychometric properties could be testified through evidences of content validity, internal structure and stability test-retest for OBPI, test-retest stability for OBPI, which may be an important selection test in Brazilian organizations.Evidencias de validez en la adaptación del Orpheus Business Personality Inventory en Brasil. ResumenEl propósito de este trabajo fue presentar las evidencias de validez del Orpheus Business Personality Inventory para la población brasileña.Cinco jueces contribuyeron a la investigación de las evidencias de validez de contenido.Participaron de este estudio 938 individuos.Los datos fueron recolectados en la plataforma Concerto.Para investigar las evidencias de validez de constructo, se utilizó el Full Information Factor Analysis.Los resultados de este estudio exploratorio identificaron un conjunto de ítems con cargas factoriales bajas.El alfa de Cronbach y el coeficiente Omega fueron calculados para medir la confiabilidad de las escalas, sus valores variaron de 0,65 a 0,77 y de 0,53 a 0,77, respectivamente.También se evaluaron medidas de misfit usando el modelo Rasch, todos los elementos presentaron valores adecuados.Los estudios futuros son necesarios para definir con claridad su adaptabilidad a la población, sin embargo fue posible demostrar evidencias de validez de contenido, estructura interna y estabilidad test-reteste para el OBPI, que podrá ser un importante instrumento de selección en las organizaciones brasileñas.

The purpose of this study is to make available to researchers and practitioners a new instrument to measure turnover reasons based on a compensatory Multidimensional Item Response Theory (MIRT) model. Since extrinsic and intrinsic aspects are measured, item parameters and individual scores are provided for each dimension. An alternative procedure for standardization (WS scores) was introduced for the calculation of respondents’ scores. The Multidimensional Turnover Reasons Scale (MTRS) was administered to 615 workers. Multidimensional Graded Response Model was chosen for item calibration and EAP estimation technique was deployed for producing the individual’s factor scores. The two-dimensional structure was confirmed, with 28 out of 30 items properly measuring turnover reasons. Items more likely to predict turnover reasons and an interpretation about individual scoring under a MIRT approach are presented. Finally, when compared to estimated factor scores, WS scoring technique shows very attractive psychometric properties, which suggests it could be used in place of factor scores for the standardization of multidimensional models, under the scenario in consideration. The MTRS can help companies to work beyond their turnover rates, mainly on the analyses of their talented employees with stronger reasons to leave the organization, and then create new strategies aimed at worker retention.

With rapid growth of self-driving vehicle technologies, policymakers and industry are actively engaging the public to understand attitudes toward smart mobility. As public officials explore implementing connected systems, they may find diverse reactions. We present an important insight using precise technology adoption curves for three age groups within a major initiative in the United Kingdom, going beyond theoretical expectations. Specifically, the adaptation of self-driving cars reflects the patterns of adaptation to previous technologies. Furthermore, older participants were more likely to be late adopters of the technology than younger participants. Implications from these insights offer the opportunity to enhance public engagement and optimize the implementation of such systems, thereby maximizing population benefits.

Global medical travel has had an increasing trend without a comprehensive, evidence-driven policy to ensure safe and effective practice. To identify key factors that influence medical travel, we conducted a series of studies culminating with a preference and decision-making component of over 500 prospective medical travelers from a number of countries. Results indicated that quality of care was the most critical factor in the decision, followed by lower costs of procedure and shorter waiting times. Lower costs were less of a factor if the procedure was more invasive, which also increased the importance of waiting time in the decision. The most desired destinations for care were in Europe (United Kingdom, Germany) and North America (United States). Building on these insights and previous literature, we present a model that implements applications from these factors and additional insights generated across the series of studies toward an effective policy framework.

Although the core belief construct is central in A. T. Beck's cognitive theory, little empirical research has been conducted to date to establish its psychometric properties as well as the way it explains manifestations of psychopathology. The aims of this study were to develop and provide the first evidence of validity and reliability of a new measure of core beliefs that quantifies negative core beliefs about the self (nCB-S) and negative core beliefs about others (nCB-O). Results indicated that this measure has adequate internal consistency and test-retest reliability. Factor analyses confirmed that nCB-S and nCB-O fall on separate dimensions, and they provided preliminary evidence that nCB-S can be separated further into (a) helplessness/inferiority, (b) helplessness/vulnerability, (c) unlovability, and (d) worthlessness. Consistent with expectations, the scores on the nCB-S and nCB-O scales correlated positively with reports of negative experiences in childhood, attachment styles, anxiety, and depression. These preliminary results suggest that core beliefs can be measured in a reliable and valid manner and that the instrument proposed in this article can be used in studies designed to validate aspects of A. T. Beck's cognitive theory.

ABSTRACT Objective : to evaluate the attitudes of nurses towards conditions that may predispose to the occurrence of adverse events in the ICU. Method : exploratory, analytical, descriptive, cross-sectional study with quantitative approach performed in six high complexity ICUs of general and teaching hospitals using a convenience sample of 128 nurses . Results : nearly 48% of participants had low perception of risk factors that could predispose to the occurrence of adverse events. There was a significant difference in the attitude of nurses working in public and philanthropic organizations (p <0.01). Conclusion : the evidence of predominant low perception among specialists points to the need to include the discussion of adverse events and quality of nursing care in the program of undergraduate Nursing courses, and post-graduations in intensive care. Descriptors : Patient Safety; Nursing Care; Intensive Care Units; Adverse Events; Attitude. RESUMO Objetivo : avaliar as atitudes dos enfermeiros perante condicoes que podem predispor a ocorrencia de eventos adversos em UTI. Metodo : estudo exploratorio, analitico, descritivo, de corte transversal, de abordagem quantitativa , realizado em seis UTI de alta complexidade de hospitais gerais e de ensino, que utilizou amostra de conveniencia, composta por 128 enfermeiros . Resultados : cerca de 48% possuiam uma baixa percepcao dos fatores de risco que poderiam predispor a ocorrencia de eventos adversos. Houve diferenca significativa na analise da atitude dos enfermeiros que trabalhavam nas organizacoes publicas em relacao as filantropicas (p<0,01). Conclusao : a evidencia dessa baixa percepcao de forma predominantemente entre especialistas aponta para a necessidade de inclusao nos curriculos de graduacao em Enfermagem e pos-graduacao em terapia intensiva da discussao sobre eventos adversos e a qualidade do cuidado de enfermagem. Descritores : Seguranca do Paciente; Cuidados de Enfermagem; Unidades de Terapia Intensiva; Eventos Adversos; Atitude. RESUMEN Objetivo : evaluar las actitudes de los enfermeros sobre las condiciones que pueden predisponer a la aparicion de eventos adversos en UTI. Metodo : estudio exploratorio, analitico, descriptivo, de cohorte transversal, de enfoque cuantitativo , realizado en seis UTI de alta complejidad de hospitales generales y de ensenanza que utilizo muestra de conveniencia, compuesta por 128 enfermeros . Resultados : cerca de 48% poseian una baja percepcion de los factores de riesgo que podrian predisponer a la aparicion de eventos adversos. Hubo diferencia significativa en el analisis da actitud de los enfermeros que trabajaban en las organizaciones publicas en relacion a las filantropicas (p<0,01). Conclusion : l a evidencia de esa baja percepcion de forma predominantemente entre especialistas apunta para la necesidad de inclusion en los curriculos de graduacion en Enfermeria y post-graduacion en terapia intensiva de la discusion sobre eventos adversos y la calidad del cuidado de enfermeria. Descriptors : Seguridad del Paciente, Cuidado de Enfermera; Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos; Eventos Adversos; Actitud. Normal 0 21 false false false PT-BR X-NONE X-NONE /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:Tabela normal; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:Calibri,sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:Times New Roman; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:Times New Roman; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;}

O comprometimento organizacional, um dos fenômenos mais investigados no campo do comportamento organizacional, pode ser considerado um construto polissêmico e multifacetado. Este trabalho buscou discutir a complexidade e dispersão que cerca o conceito de comprometimento organizacional, envolvendo três problemas centrais: 1º) a quantidade de interfaces teóricas entre comprometimento organizacional e outros construtos da área organizacional; 2º) o grande desequilíbrio entre estudos que tomam o construto como uma atitude em detrimento de definições que enfatizem indicadores comportamentais; e 3º) a dimensionalidade do construto e a falta de consenso a respeito de quantas e quais são as bases constitutivas do comprometimento organizacional. Além de sistematizar os principais problemas sobre o construto, este estudo sugere alguns caminhos de investigação teórica e empírica que poderiam minimizar os problemas que cercam esta vertente de pesquisa, em razão das questões conceituais que caracterizam o seu construto central.

Large-scale educational assessment has been established as source of descriptive, evaluative and interpretative information that influence educational policies worldwide throughout the last third of the twentieth century. In the 1990s the Brazilian Ministry of Education developed the National Basic Education Assessment System (SAEB) that regularly measures management, resource and contextual school features and academic achievement in public and private institutions. In 2005, after significant piloting and review of the SAEB, a new sampling strategy was taken and Prova Brasil became the new instrument used by the Ministry to assess skills in Portuguese (reading comprehension) and Mathematics (problem solving), as well as collecting contextual information concerning the school, principal, teacher, and the students. This study aims to identify which variables are predictors of academic achievement of fifth grade students on Prova Brasil. Across a large sample of students, multilevel models tested a large number of variables relevant to student achievement. This approach uncovered critical variables not commonly seen as significant in light of other achievement determinants, including student habits, teacher ethnicity, and school technological resources. As such, this approach demonstrates the value of MLM to appropriately nuanced educational policies that reflect critical influences on student achievement. Its implications for wider application for psychology studies that may have relevant impacts for policy are also discussed.

Medical travel has expanded rapidly in recent years, resulting in new markets and increased access to medical care. Whereas several studies investigated the motives of individuals seeking healthcare abroad, the conventional analytical approach is limited by substantial caveats. Classical techniques as found in the literature cannot provide sufficient insight due to the nested nature of data generated. The application of adequate analytical techniques, specifically multilevel modeling, is scarce to non-existent in the context of medical travel. This study introduces the guidelines for application of multilevel techniques in public health research by presenting an application of multilevel modeling in analyzing the decision-making patterns of potential medical travelers. Benefits and potential limitations are discussed.