Sir, We treated six male patients of lower urinary tract dysfunction (LUTD) serendipitously and found good outcome. Six male patients presented with a complaint of pant wetting, increased frequency, and poor flow even after ablation of posterior urethral valve (PUV). Fulguration was done in four and Abraham needle ablation in two. All patients were from poor educa-economic status. On inquiry, all had a history of constipation which was, as if, not bothering parents and patients. Uroflowmetry curve was vibratory, but flow was not very poor. They were advised regular normal saline enema but failed regularity. As previous micturating cystourethrogram (MCU) looked similar to PUV [Figure 1], we suspected residual PUV or stricture and proceed for endoscopy. In all six patients, we found trabeculations and mild sacculation in three patients. Three patients had elevation of bladder neck; we did BNI. However, PUV was mini or almost no residual valve in all six patients. Nevertheless, we fulgurated the "seems to be PUV." Per urethral catheter was kept for seven days. We did low-energy anal stretching along with.Figure 1: Picture of MCU showing bilateral VUR, hypertrophy of bladder neck, and dilated posterior urethra. Looks alike inadequate PUV fulguration (Courtesy: Koyle MA, Lorenzo AJ. Management of defecation disorders. In: Partin AW, editor. Campbell-Walsh-Wein Urology. 12th Edition (International), Ch. 36, Philadelphia: Elsevier; 2021. p. 667). MCU: Micturating cystourethrogram, VUR: Vesico ureteric refluxAfter removal of the catheter, pant wetting and frequency stopped; and flow increased in five out of six patients clinically and in uroflowmetry. One patient did not return at follow-up. We were surprised on outcome! Did we treat post ablated PUV? Or bowel–bladder dysfunction (BBD)/(dysfunctional elimination syndrome (DES)/LUTD! As per literature, LUTD or BBD or DES found to be due to dyscoordination or delayed coordination or inappropriate "crosstalk" between autonomic (detrusor) and somatic nervous system (Rhabdo sphincter/external sphincter). Damage of renal function is directly proportional to the duration of delay in development of coordination between autonomic and somatic system. From the outcome, we putatively explain that, we were able to decrease spasm of Rhabdosphincter[1] or external sphincter of urethra following reablation of mini PUV. Similarly, we were able to decrease the perineal sphincter by anal stretching. Vricella et al.[2] have tried botulinum neurotoxin type A (BoNTA) to decrease Rhabdosphincter spasm with good outcome. However, the effect of BoNTA lasts for 6–9 months. So repeat application of BoNTA might be necessary. Anal stretching is controversial in fissure in ano. Nevertheless, it is recommended by some authors.[3] We also did low-energy stretching in anus with intact mucosa not in fissure in ano. Chance of fibrosis in intact anal mucosa and sphincter is remote, unlike in fissure-in-ano. Intimate association between bowel and bladder function is well known and dysfunction of bowel–bladder is similarly well known annoyance both for parents and patients; socially and psychologically. We hope this putative management, found serendipitously, might help manage LUTD following further studies. This correspondence is only to convey our observation. Further study with subjective digital rectal examination (DRE) or objective manometry will be necessary for clinical application. Financial support and sponsorship Nil. Conflicts of interest There are no conflicts of interest.

Aims: Incidence and recurrence of bladder stone in augmented exstrophy bladder rate is high. So, recurrent open cystolithotomy is not a preferred procedure; particularly through scarred tissues, consequence of previous surgeries. Percutaneous cystolithotomy (PCCL) is an old but standard procedure for retrieval of bladder stones in adults. We extrapolated PCCL for bladder stone in augmented bladders in children. Patients and Methods: In three patients, we made suprapubic (SP) needle track with initial puncture (IP) needle under cystoscopic guidance. Following that laparoscopic cannula was placed through dilated SP track that was crafted with Alken's dilators and bladder stones were removed with grasper. Results: On cystoscopy, we also observed the patches of skin tissues in native bladders. Continence and bladder capacity were not affected following PCCL. Conclusion: PCCL in augmented bladder showed good outcome. High recurrence of bladder stone is possibly due to presence of keratin in dermal tissue; invaded mucosa in open bladder plate. It seems shaving or fulguration of those dermal elements during bladder reconstruction might decrease incidence of stone formation. However, we haven't attempted fulguration during PCCL.

In December 31, 2019, hospitals pronounced a cluster of instances with pneumonia of unknown motive in Wuhan, Hubei, China, attracting brilliant interest nationally and worldwide.The pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 precipitated by means of the SARS-CoV-2 offers an unheard of venture to discover superb capsules for treatment.Given the speedy tempo of scientific discovery and medical statistics generated by means of the massive quantity of human beings unexpectedly contaminated by using SARS-CoV-2, clinicians want correct proof involving nice clinical remedies for this infection.This paper analysis the literature on all on hand records about the Treatments of COVID-19.Treatments, together with Antibodies, Vaccines, antiviral agents, convalescent plasma transfusion, corticosteroids, chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine, are mentioned in this article.

Plastic is a significant reason for Environmental Pollution.Major earth surfaces, sea waters are getting polluted day by day with accumulation of plastic as waste material from different sources which is a serious concern for human beings and different marine animals living in this world.A few stages happen in the plastic biodegradation process and could be distinguished by explicit phrasing.Bio-weakening characterizes the activity of microbial networks and other decomposer life forms answerable for the physical and synthetic decay that brought about a shallow debasement that changes the mechanical, physical and substance properties of the plastic.Bio-discontinuity alludes to the reactant activities that separate polymeric plastics into oligomers, dimers or monomers by ectocompounds or free-radicals discharged by microorganisms.Osmosis portrays to the incorporation of particles moved in the cytoplasm in the microbial digestion.Mineralisation alludes to the total corruption of atoms that brought about the discharge of totally oxidized metabolites (CO 2 , N 2 , CH 4 , H 2 O).The microbial species discovered related with the debasing materials were recognized as two Gram positive and five Gram negative microscopic organisms.The microbial species related with the polythene materials were recognized as Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus amylolyticus, Bacillus cereus, Pseudomonas species etc. of which Bacillus amylolyticus causes 30% degradation and Bacillus subtilis causes 20% average degradation in a month.In this review article different isolation and identification processes followed so far for these important categories of microbes have been discussed for general awareness of research in this field.

Ganga is known to be a help to a tremendous measure of individuals in India and is known to be the heartbeat of the profound existence of the Hindu culture.Self-purifying and recuperating power have consistently been related with stream Ganga.In any case, of late, logical research has likewise sponsored this case.

Extreme intense respiratory disorder coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the infection that causes coronavirus illness 2019 (Covid-19), has created an overall pandemic.The interference of its spread relies upon a blend of pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic intercessions.Beigel., et al. have given in the Journal the principal report of a powerful treatment for Covid-19, coming about because of a thoroughly structured and led clinical trial [1].

In December 2019, an outbreak of corona disorder reasons due to coronavirus-2, befell in Wuhan city, china.Later this virus is unfold and infect nearly all international locations in the world.As the no. of contaminated and demise instances will increase hastily World Health Organization (WHO) declare this as a pandemic.As it is a contagious disorder to keep away from spreading of contamination from individual to individual authorities declare extended lockdown in countries.Countries hostilities to deal with corona however in this way, financial system is badly stuck.The coronavirus outbreak is severely disrupting the international economy.Magnitude of financial influence is relying upon the length and severity of covid-19.In corona disaster humans no longer solely misery about fitness issue, however additionally due to monetary issue.The foremost contribution of this work is a comparative find out about of pre-Covid monetary situation and post-covid monetary condition.In this paper, we describe about covid-19 sickness and the viable methods in which spreading can controlled, and they have an effect on of lockdown on varies sectors.Major sectors are banking sector, tourism, agricultural region and pharmaceutical sector.

The ongoing effect of COVID-19 in Italy has caused local deficiencies of key hardware, including covers and hoods for non-obtrusive ventilation in CPAP/PEEP respiratory help.The reason for this review is to feature late activities and coordinated efforts performed by organizations, emergency clinics, and analysts in using 3D printing during the COVID-19 pandemic and to help nearby 3D printing endeavors that can be lifesaving.The 3D printing network can pull together its clinical consideration universally, profiting by unified enormous scope fabricating offices just as privately circulated assembling of confirmed and tried CAD records.Moreover, there are different clinical, designing and different social orders and gatherings that can arrange to chip away at normal needs, huge numbers of which are delineated in this audit.While models examined here are basically opensource necessities accessible at the hour of composing, the CAD record assets alluded to in this survey are proposed for a conversation of an advancing assortment of prepared to-print models and connections to the significant assets to help in supporting pressing clinical reaction.A model assortment can be found at the NIH 3D Print Exchange.We should recognize that at the hour of composing, the clinical viability of a large number of the gadgets made by the CAD records depicted in this audit has not been tried and a considerable lot of these gadgets have not been endorsed for bleeding edge clinical use by significant administrative bodies.The creators of this review can't ensure clinical viability of the introduced gadgets and would ask thought of these assets at the clients' tact and just where no restoratively cleared options are accessible.

Medical clinics are overpowered with the devastating heap of COVID-19 cases and are experiencing deficiencies of individual defensive gear (Personal Protective Equipment) for care suppliers.More than 67,000 Indians have affected with COVID-19 till date, out of which 20,917 have been recovered with more than 2,206 of them are died.22,171 cases overview from Maharashtra state alone out of which 832 have lost their life and remaining are under treatment and sent for quarantine (Figure 1).Since late-April, either by choice or in response to shelter-in-place orders,

Novel extreme intense respiratory condition coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) lies behind the continuous episode of coronavirus malady 2019 (COVID-19).There is a developing comprehension of SARS-CoV-2 in virology, the study of disease transmission, and clinical administration systems.Be that as it may, no enemy of SARS-CoV-2 medication or antibody has been authoritatively affirmed because of the nonattendance of satisfactory proof.Researchers are dashing to build up a treatment for COVID-19.Late investigations have uncovered numerous alluring remedial choices, regardless of whether some of them stay to be additionally affirmed in thorough preclinical models and clinical preliminaries.In this minireview, we mean to sum up the refreshed potential methodologies against SARS-CoV-2.We stress that further endeavors are justified to build up the most secure and best methodology.

In December 2019, another coronavirus, named SARS-CoV-2, has risen up out of China causing pneumonia episodes first in the Wuhan locale and have now spread overall in view of its plausible high transmission productivity.Because of the absence of productive and explicit medicines and the need to contain the pestilence, medicate repurposing has all the earmarks of being the best instrument to discover remedial arrangement.Chloroquine, remdesivir, lopinavir, ribavirin or ritonavir have demonstrated viability to restrain coronavirus in vitro.Teicoplanin, an anti-microbial used to treat staphylococci disease, recently demonstrated adequacy to hinder the principal phase of MERS coronavirus viral cycle in human cells.This action is preserved on the SARS-Cov-2, accordingly putting teicoplanin as an expected treatment for patients with this infection.

Impact of covid-19 measures on children infection related hospitalization. estimation of causal inference from observational