Twenty-two Kiko crossbred male goats (Capra hircus; initial BW = 27.5 ± 1.04 kg) were used in a randomized complete block design to determine the effects of feeding pine bark (PB; Pinus taeda L.) on animal performance, rumen fermentation, blood parameters, fecal egg counts (FEC), and carcass characteristics in goats. Experimental treatments included the control diet [0% PB plus 30% wheat straw (WS)], 15% PB plus 15% WS, and 30% PB plus 0% WS (on as-fed basis), where PB replaced WS. Freshly air-dried PB and WS were finely (1.5 to 3.0 mm) ground and incorporated in the grain mixes. Experimental diets provided a total of 1.9, 16.3, and 32 g of condense tannins (CT)/kg DM in 0%, 15%, and 30% PB diets, respectively. The grain mixes were fed daily at 85% of the feed offered, with remaining 15% consisting of Bermuda grass hay (Cynodon dactylon). Animals were fed once a day at 0800 h, and feed offered and refused was monitored for an 83-d performance period. Rumen and blood samples were collected at d 0, 50, and 80 of the study. Carcass traits were assessed after slaughter at the end of performance period. There was no difference in initial BW, hay, and total NDF intake among treatments; however, final BW (P = 0.06), ADG (P < 0.01), grain mix intake (P < 0.001), total DMI (P < 0.001), and G:F (P < 0.04) increased linearly as the PB increased in the diets. Rumen ammonia N, acetate, isovalerate and acetate-to-propionate ratio were reduced linearly (P < 0.05). There was no difference in carcass traits except cold carcass weight (P = 0.06), which tended to increase linearly in goats fed 15% and 30% PB. Breast, sirloin, trim trait, liver, and hide weight increased (linear; P < 0.01) with addition of PB. Blood basophils, alanine transaminase, aspartate aminotransferase, albumin, Na, and Cl concentrations decreased (linear; P < 0.02 to 0.01) as PB supplementation increased. Supplementation of PB reduced (linear; P < 0.01) average FEC. Addition of PB in the diets improved performance, reduced FEC, and favorably modified rumen fermentation.

The objectives of this experiment were to determine the effects of 2 different breeds (BR), Boer and Kiko, and 4 post-weaning harvest ages (HA; Days 0, 29, 56, and 85) on growth, carcass traits, blood metabolites, and lipogenic gene expression. Forty-eight goat (Capra hircus) kids (BW = 23.9 ± 1.50 kg; 3 to 4 mo) were used in a 2 × 4 factorial arrangement of treatments. Goats were stratified by BW within BR and randomly assigned to 4 HA. Kids were born between March 15 and April 7 to purebred does, and were represented by at least 3 purebred sires within each BR. They were fed a grain/hay (80:20) diet once per day. At designated HA, randomly pre-assigned goats (n = 6) from each BR were transported to the Meat Science Lab at Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, and were harvested. There were no interactions (P > 0.10) between BR and HA. Boer tended (P = 0.08) to have greater initial BW, final BW (P = 0.05), and G/F ratio (P = 0.05). Although the 80:20 grain/hay diet was reinforced by adjusting DMI, both BR had similar total DMI, Boer kept that ratio, while Kiko consumed more (P = 0.001) hay (70:30, grain/hay) and had more (P = 0.001) DMI when expressed as g/kg BW. Boer tended to have greater transportation shrink (P = 0.07), HCW (P = 0.08), and cold carcass weights (CCW; P = 0.08), with greater (P = 0.001) carcass fat. No differences (P > 0.10) were observed in carcass shrink, dressing percentage, 12th rib fat thickness, and LM area between the 2 BR. When expressed as percentage empty BW, carcass bone was similar (P = 0.25), whereas muscle percentage (P = 0.02) was greater for Kiko and fat percentage was greater (P = 0.001) for Boer. Fat as a percentage of CCW remained relatively similar (P > 0.10) for both BR for the 2nd and 3rd HA. Differences were more evident (P = 0.01) at the 4th HA. Boer reached targeted harvest weight (29 kg) at the 3rd HA, while fat deposition continued (P = 0.01) during the 4th HA. Breed had no effect (P > 0.10) on meat color (L*, a*, b*) but HA affected (P = 0.001) all color values. Boer had similar 3-hydroxyl-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase mRNA abundance, but was greater (P < 0.03) in acetyl CoA carboxylase compared with Kiko. There was no difference (P = 0.52) in total serum fatty acids (FA, mg/mL) between the 2 BR. As animals aged, their total serum FA increased (P < 0.05) and changed to an undesirable profile. Kiko had a greater (P = 0.02) percentage of muscle and less (P = 0.001) fat in the carcass. We concluded that different BR might need different harvest endpoints and feed input according to consumer acceptability.

Twelve purebred Boer and Kiko male goat kids (n=6) were randomly selected from a group of 24 counterparts for each breed to determine intake of forage vs. concentrate, growth performance, feed efficiency, different organ growths, and carcass quality. Three sire lines represented each breed group. Goat kids were weaned at 3 months of age and had average body weight (BW) of 24.6 and 22.8±1.34kg for Boer and Kiko kids, respectively. Goats were offered a commercial concentrate mix and bermudagrass hay at 80:20 ratio, respectively. Feed intake and growth performance were monitored for 85 days. At the end of the study goats were transported about 370km to Mississippi State University Meat Lab and were slaughtered according to USDA guideline. Upon slaughter, carcasses were evaluated and different organ weights were recorded. There was no difference (P=0.37) in initial BW for two breeds; however, final BW (P=0.09) and average daily gain (P=0.06) of Boer kids tended to be higher than Kiko kids. Although there was no difference in total dry matter intake (DMI; P=0.48), given a choice, concentrate intake tended to be higher (P=0.07) for Boer kids and hay intake was higher (P=0.05) for Kiko kids. Gain efficiency (gain:feed intake) tended to be higher (P=0.06) for Boer kids. Boer kids preferred less hay (23.1% vs. 31.5% DMI; P=0.004) and more grain (76.9% vs. 68.5% DMI; P=0.004) in their diet. There were no differences (P>0.10) in dressing percentage and carcass characteristics between two breeds, except Boer kids had higher fat thickness over 12th rib (P=0.04), higher total % fat (P=0.001), and lower total % bone mass (P=0.05) in carcass, with no difference in muscle mass (P=0.22) between breeds. All the body organs as a % of fasted BW were similar between two breeds, except Boer kids tended to have heavier head and scrotum (P=0.05). In conclusion, Boer kids preferred and consumed more grain and tended to have higher ADG than Kiko kids; however, they gained more fat, and less bone mass.

Einleitung: Die Kombination von endoskopischer Resektion (ER) von Frühkarzinomen bzw. hochgradigen Dysplasien im Barrett-Epithel (BE) mit der Radiofrequenzablation (RFA) verbliebener gering dysplastischer Barrett-Reste wurde in der Amsterdamer Pilotstudie mit kleinen Patientenzahlen als effektiver und sicherer Vorgehensweg belegt. Die Verlaufsbeobachtung der in unserer Abteilung so behandelten Patienten bestätigt diese Einschätzung auch aus der Versorgungssituation heraus.

Einführung: Die retroperitoneale endoskopische Therapie symptomatischer postpankreatitischer Nekrosen ist seit ihrer Einführung vor 11 Jahren vielerorts Therapie der ersten Wahl geworden. Wir berichten aus diesem Zeitraum über die größte bisher vorliegende monozentrische Fallzahl.

Chicory (Chicorum intybus) is becoming popular as a warm-season forage for ruminant livestock in the United States. A study was conducted with weaned crossbred meat goats to elucidate how growing / finishing meat goats grazing Joy chicory pasture respond to supplementation with varying levels of dietary protein. Thirty 6 weaned crossbred kids (26 ± 3 kg) were blocked by body weight and genotype and divided into 3 treatment groups. Each treatment group was replicated in 2 0.4 ha Joy chicory and native grass paddocks with 6 kids per paddock and supplemented with isocaloric grower / finisher ration containing 11, 16 or 21% crude protein for 56 d. The data generated from the study was subjected to Analysis of Variance for randomized complete block design. Grower / finisher ration intake (1.13, 1.31 and 1.31 kg / day) and cost (0.41, 0.51 and 0.51 dollars / day) for the 11, 16 and 21% protein supplemented groups, respectively) were not affected by protein content of the diet. Total live weight gain (7.7 kg) and average daily gain (145.0 g) for the16% protein level were significantly higher (P < 0.05) than for the 11% (2.7 kg and 52.0 g, respectively) and 21% (6.0 kg and 113.0 g, respectively) protein levels. Feed cost per kg gain was significantly lower (P < 0.05) for the 16% protein level than for the 11 and 21% protein levels (3.5 versus 7.8 and 4.5 dollars / day, respectively). Boneless retail cut from the leg, loin, shoulder and rack followed similar trend as weight gain, being significantly higher (P < 0.05)for the 16% protein level than for the 11 and 21% while the 21% level was higher than the 11%. Back fat thickness and fat cover over the carcass tended to increase (P < 0.05) with protein level in the diet. It is concluded that optimum performance and return from meat goats grazing Joy Chicory is obtained when they are supplemented with 16% protein in the diet as compared with lower (11%) and higher (21%) levels.

Einführung: Seit den 1990er Jahren hat sich die endoskopische Schlingenresektion von Adenomen der Vater'schen Papille als weniger invasive Alternative zur chirurgischen Ampullektomie zunehmend etabliert. Wir berichten über eine Serie von Papillenresektionen in unserem Zentrum unter dem besonderen Aspekt von Komplikationen und Rezidiven.

A randomized complete block design with 3 replications (n = 432, 72 broilers per treatment) was used to evaluate the effects of electrical (ES) and vacuum stunning (VS) on broiler breast meat quality. Electrical stunning was performed by applying 11.5 V, <0.05 mA, AC to DC current for 3 s for each broiler. Vacuum stunning was accomplished by exposing the birds to a low atmospheric pressure of 597 to 632 mmHg in an airtight decompression chamber. Breast removal was then performed at 0.75, 2, and 4 h postmortem for each stunning method. Color, pH, cook loss, and shear force values were measured on breasts that were removed from the right side of the carcass. Breasts removed from the left side of the carcass were used for consumer acceptability testing. The L* values were lower (P < 0.05) for VS than ES at 4-and 2-h deboning times. On average, 15-min and 24-h postmortem pH values were not different (P > 0.05) for both stunning method and deboning time. Shear force did not differ (P > 0.05) between stunning methods but decreased (P < 0.05) as deboning time increased. On average, no differences (P > 0.05) existed in consumer acceptability (appearance, texture, flavor, overall) among breast meat from ES or VS birds that were deboned at 2 or 4 h. However, consumers could be clustered into 8 groups based on preference and liking of samples regarding overall and texture acceptability. Sixty-five percent of consumers (3 clusters) liked all broiler breast treatments. Within these 3 clusters, some consumers preferred (P < 0.05) 4-h deboned samples over those deboned at 2 h (cluster 7), and other consumers preferred (P < 0.05) those deboned at 2 h over 4-h samples (cluster 6). Data revealed that both stunning methods provided high-quality breast meat with minimal product differences.