'StandClear CLP' (Reg. no. CV-1162, PI 693236) hard red winter (HRW) wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was developed and released by the Montana Agricultural Experiment Station and exclusively licensed to Loveland Products, Inc., in 2020. StandClear CLP is a two-gene Clearfield, semisolid-stem wheat intended for use with the selective imidazolinone (IMI) herbicide imazamox. StandClear CLP resulted from a cross of MTS0531 to an IMI herbicide tolerant F-1 plant from a population segregating for two acetohydroxyacid synthase (AHAS) genes [TaAHAS1D and TaAHAS1B]. Original herbicide tolerance donors were IMI 'Fidel' (TX12588*4/FS2, BASF) for allele TaAHAS1D via descended experimental lines MTCL0309 and MTCL0510, and proprietary hard red spring wheat line CDC Teal 11A (BASF Corporation) for allele TaAHAS1B. StandClear CLP was selected as a F-6:7 headrow in 2014 following multiple cycles of phenotypic mass selection for IMI herbicide tolerance and stem solidness. StandClear CLP was tested under the experimental number MTCS1601 from 2016 to 2019 in Montana for field performance, herbicide tolerance, and end-use quality. StandClear CLP is a high-yielding, Clearfield HRW wheat cultivar with intermediate stem solidness, moderate host plant resistance to wheat stem sawfly, and acceptable milling and baking quality.

'Flathead' (Reg. no. CV-1164, PI 693237) hard red winter (HRW) wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was developed and released by the Montana Agricultural Experiment Station in 2019. Flathead was derived from a composite of two very closely related single crosses of the predominant cultivar 'Yellowstone' to stripe rust resistant source PI 640431, a hard white spring wheat backcross derivative of WA007900 that carries stripe rust all-stage resistance genes Yr5 and Yr15. Flathead was developed using a modified bulk breeding method and selected as an F-5:6 head row after phenotypic selection for stripe rust resistance at Kalispell, MT. Flathead was tested under the experimental number MT1564 in Montana yield trials from 2015 to 2019. Flathead is a high-yielding HRW wheat cultivar with early maturity, short stature, medium grain protein concentration, excellent milling and baking quality, and a high level of all-stage resistance to predominant races of stripe rust. Flathead was released for its early maturity, improved stripe rust resistance, and improved grain yield relative to other Montana-adapted early heading cultivars.

'Bobcat' (Reg. no. CV-1161, PI 693235) hard red winter (HRW) wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was developed and released by the Montana Agricultural Experiment Station in September 2019. Bobcat is of unknown pedigree, derived from a composite of two related single crosses made in 2007: MT0598/98X366-E29-1 and 01X258-C1/MT0598. MT0598 is an unreleased, hollow-stem experimental line, and 98X366-E29-1 and 01X258-C1 are unreleased, Montana solid-stem experimental lines. Bobcat was developed using a modified bulk breeding method and selected as an F-5:6 head row. Bobcat was tested under the experimental number MTS1588 from 2015 to 2019 in Montana. Quality was evaluated in multilocation Montana trials since 2015. Bobcat is a solid-stem, high-yielding HRW wheat cultivar with medium to high test weight, medium maturity, reduced height (Rht-Blb), medium to high grain protein, and acceptable milling and baking quality. Bobcat was released for its improved host plant resistance to wheat stem sawfly (Cephus cinctus Nort.) conditioned by stem solidness, along with short stature, and improved yield potential relative to 'Warhorse, the current predominant solid-stem cultivar in Montana.

‘FourOsix’ (Reg. no. CV‐1153, PI 689753) hard red winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was developed and released by the Montana Agricultural Experiment Station in 2018. FourOsix was derived from a composite of five single crosses of the predominant cultivar Yellowstone to advanced Montana breeding lines. FourOsix was developed using a modified bulk breeding method and selected as an F5:6 headrow. FourOsix was tested under the experimental number MT1465 in Montana yield trials from 2014 to 2018. FourOsix is a high‐yielding, winter‐hardy hard red winter wheat cultivar with medium maturity, medium to high grain protein concentration, and excellent milling and baking quality. FourOsix was released for its excellent grain yield performance in winter wheat production environments of Montana, with earlier heading date, reduced plant height, improved grain volume weight, and improved stripe rust resistance relative to Yellowstone.

‘Ray’ (Reg. no. CV‐1156, PI 689754) hard red winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was developed and released by the Montana Agricultural Experiment Station in 2018. Ray was derived from the backcross population, ‘Yellowstone’*2/98X168‐1. The line 98X168‐1 is an unreleased Montana forage breeding line. Ray was developed using the pedigree breeding method and selected as an F4:5 headrow. It was tested under the experimental number MTF1432 in Montana grain and forage yield trials from 2014 to 2018. Ray is suitable in Montana as a dual‐purpose forage and grain cultivar with dry matter forage yield and quality in a one‐cut annual hay harvest evaluation similar to ‘Willow Creek’ winter wheat, and grain production and end‐use quality characteristics similar to the widely grown, high‐yielding Montana hard red winter wheat grain cultivar Yellowstone.

‘Northern’ (Reg. No. CV‐1114, PI 676026) hard red winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was developed and released by the Montana Agricultural Experiment Station in 2015. Northern was derived from a composite of two crosses, MT9982//MTW0072/NW97151 and MTW0047//MTW0072/NW97151. Northern was developed using a modified bulk breeding method and selected as an F5:7 headrow. Northern was tested under the experimental number MT0978 in Montana yield trials from 2009 to 2015. Like predominant cultivar Yellowstone, Northern is a high‐yielding, winter‐hardy hard red winter wheat cultivar with medium to late maturity, medium to high grain protein, and acceptable milling and baking quality. Northern was released for its excellent performance in winter wheat production environments of north‐central Montana, reduced plant height, and improved grain volume weight and resistance to stem rust (caused by Puccinia graminis Pers.:Pers. f. sp. tritici Eriks. & E. Henn.) relative to Yellowstone.

'Colter' (Reg. No. CV-1099, PI 670156) hard red winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was developed and released by the Montana Agricultural Experiment Stations in September 2013. Colter was derived from the cross MT9982*2/BZ9W96-895. MT9982 is a sib selection of 'Yellowstone', and BZ9W96-895 is an unreleased breeding line of unknown pedigree developed by Westbred. Colter was developed using a modified bulk breeding method and selected as an F-5:6 headrow. Colter was tested under the experimental number MT08172 in Montana yield trials from 2009 to 2013. Like Yellowstone, Colter is a high-yielding, winter-hardy hard red winter wheat line with medium to late maturity, medium to high grain protein, and acceptable milling and baking quality. Colter was released for its excellent performance in winter wheat production environments of north-central Montana and its improved grain volume weight and stem rust (caused by Puccinia graminis Pers.: Pers. f. sp. tritici Eriks. & E. Henn.) resistance relative to Yellowstone.

‘WB3768’ (Reg. No. CV-1100, PI 670158) hard white winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was developed and released by the Montana Agricultural Experiment Station in September 2013. An exclusive license for commercialization of WB3768 was granted to Monsanto. WB3768 is of unknown pedigree, derived from a composite of two related topcrosses: MTW0047 (‘Judith’/PI 262605//S86-740)/2*MT9982 and MTW0047/MT9982//MT9989 (Judith/‘Arapahoe’). MT9982 is a sib selection of ‘Yellowstone’, and S86-740 (‘Norstar’/’‘Plainsman V’//‘Ulianovkia’) is an unreleased breeding line developed by the Crop Development Center in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan. WB3768 was developed using a modified bulk breeding method and selected as an F5:6 headrow. WB3768 was tested under the experimental number MTW08168 in Montana yield trials from 2009 to 2013. WB3768 is a high-yielding, winter-hardy, conventional-height hard white winter wheat line with late maturity, medium to high grain protein, low polyphenol oxidase activity, and acceptable milling and baking quality. WB3768 was released for its combination of the hard white market class and excellent yield performance in winter wheat production environments of Montana.

'SY Clearstone 2CL' (Reg. No. CV-1094, PI 668090) hard red winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was developed by the Montana Agricultural Experiment Station and released in September 2012 through a marketing agreement with Syngenta Seeds. SY Clearstone 2CL is a two-gene Clearfield backcross-derivative of 'Yellowstone' (PI 643428) hard red winter wheat with resistance to imazamox herbicide Beyond (BASF Corporation). SY Clearstone 2CL was selected from the cross Yellowstone*4/3/MTCL01158/Teal 11A//'Jagalene' (PI 631376). Yellowstone is a high-yielding hard red winter wheat released by the Montana Agricultural Experiment Station in 2006. MTCL01158 is an unreleased doubled haploid breeding line [TX12588*4/FS2//Tiber (PI 517194)], which served as the source of proprietary mutant allele TaAHASL1D. Proprietary hard red spring wheat germplasm line Teal 11A (BASF Corporation) served as the source of mutant gene TaAHASL1B. Alleles for herbicide resistance were selected during the backcross process using single-nucleotide, allele-specific polymerase chain reaction markers for TaAHASL1D and TaAHASL1B developed by BASF. SY Clearstone 2CL was selected as an F-2:4 line in 2009 following three generations of screening of the backcross population with imazamox herbicide. Results of three years of replicated field testing indicate that SY Clearstone 2CL is similar to recurrent parent Yellowstone for grain yield, most agronomic characteristics, and milling and baking qualities.

‘Warhorse’ (Reg. No. CV-1096, PI 670157) hard red winter (HRW) wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was developed and released by the Montana Agricultural Experiment Station in September 2013. Warhorse is of unknown pedigree, derived from a composite of three topcrosses made to the same F 1 population in 2000: MT9908//‘Nuplains’/MTS9862; Nuplains/ MTS9862//MTW0047; and Nuplains/MTS9862//MTS0028. Warhorse was developed using a modified bulk breeding method and selected as an F 5:6 headrow. Warhorse was tested under the experimental number MTS0808 from 2008 to 2013 in Montana. Quality was evaluated in multilocation Montana trials since 2008. Warhorse is a solid-stem, high-yielding HRW wheat line with medium to high test weight, medium maturity, reduced height (Rht-B1b), medium to high grain protein, and acceptable milling and baking quality. Warhorse was released for its improved host plant resistance to wheat stem sawfly (Cephus cinctus Nort.) conditioned by stem solidness, along with short stature and improved yield potential relative to existing solid-stem cultivars adapted to Montana.

‘Bearpaw’ (Reg. No. CV‐1083, PI 665228) hard red winter (HRW) wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was developed and released by the Montana Agricultural Experiment Station in September 2011. Bearpaw is of unknown pedigree, derived from a composite of five crosses made to the same F1 male sterile parent in 1999: Dominant male sterile (DMS)/‘Rampart’//‘Pronghorn’/3/2*Rampart, DMS/Rampart//Pronghorn/3/Rampart/4/MTW9806, DMS/Rampart//Pronghorn/3/Rampart/4/‘Nuplains’, DMS/Rampart//Pronghorn/3/Rampart/4/MT9513, DMS/Rampart//Pronghorn/3/Rampart/4/MT98113. Bearpaw was developed using a modified bulk‐breeding method and selected as an F5:6 headrow. Bearpaw was tested under the experimental number MTS0721 from 2007 to 2011 in Montana. Quality has been evaluated in multilocation Montana trials since 2007. Bearpaw is a high‐yielding, solid‐stem, semidwarf (Rht‐B1b) HRW wheat cultivar with medium maturity, medium to high test weight and grain protein, and acceptable milling and baking quality. Bearpaw was released for its host‐plant resistance to wheat stem sawfly (Cephus cinctus Nort.) conditioned by stem solidness, along with short stature and improved yield potential relative to existing solid‐stem cultivars adapted to Montana.

‘Judee’ (Reg. No. CV‐1084, PI 665227) hard red winter (HRW) wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was developed and released by the Montana Agricultural Experiment Station in September 2011. Judee has the pedigree ‘Vanguard’/‘Norstar’//‘Judith’ dwarf selection/3/‘NuHorizon’. Judee was developed using a modified bulk‐breeding method and selected as an F5:6 headrow. Judee was tested under the experimental number MTS0713 from 2007 to 2011 in Montana. Quality was evaluated in multilocation Montana trials since 2007. Judee is a solid‐stem, high‐yielding HRW wheat line with medium to high test weight, medium maturity, reduced height (Rht‐B1b), medium to high grain protein, and acceptable milling and baking quality. Judee was released for its host‐plant resistance to wheat stem sawfly (Cephus cinctus Nort.) conditioned by stem solidness, along with short stature and improved yield potential relative to existing solid‐stem cultivars adapted to Montana.

The winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) lines NB474‐23 (‘NuSky’/6*‘McNeal’) (Reg. No. GP‐866, PI 660648) and NB475‐12 (‘Paul’/6*McNeal) (Reg. No. GP‐867, PI 660649) were developed by backcrossing the winter allele vrn‐A1 into the hard red spring wheat variety McNeal. Both lines are winter habit, although their winter survival is lower than that of the winter wheat cultivars. The spring wheat lines NB481‐23‐1 (‘Choteau’/6*‘Yellowstone’) (Reg. No. GP‐868, PI 660650) and NB489‐54‐1 (‘Reeder’/6*NuSky) (Reg. No. GP‐869, PI 660651) were developed by backcrossing the spring allele Vrn‐A1 into the winter wheat cultivars Yellowstone and NuSky, respectively. Spring wheat lines NB085WS03686 (Choteau/6*Paul) (Reg. No. GP‐870,PI 660652) and NB085WS03690 (Choteau/6*Paul) (Reg. No. GP‐865, PI 660647) were developed by backcrossing the spring allele at Vrn‐A1 into the winter wheat cultivar Paul. Although these four lines are all spring habit, their heading date is delayed relative to that of the spring wheat cultivars. All six lines will provide spring wheat and winter wheat breeding programs with access to genes from elite cultivars possessing the alternate growth habit.

Trap crops are a plausible control strategy for the wheat stem sawfly (WSS), Cephus cinctus Norton (Hymenoptera: Cephidae), especially in alternate wheat fallow cropping systems. Identifying the most suitable winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L., Poaceae) cultivars is necessary to further improve the effectiveness of winter wheat trap crops. We compared cultivars suitable for cultivation in Montana to identify those that exhibit the greatest potential as trap crops. To accomplish this we used nine winter wheat cultivars to analyze plant characteristics that influence the oviposition behavior of the WSS: stem height, stem diameter, rate of plant development, and emission of the WSS attractant (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate. Data on sawfly-induced stem cutting collected from these cultivars in field nurseries were analyzed to evaluate the potential of each cultivar to attract sawflies. Based on these criteria, five cultivars with good potential as trap crops are 'Norstar', 'Neeley', 'Morgan', 'Rampart', and 'BigSky'. More data from laboratory preference tests and detailed measurement of semiochemical production from these cultivars are required for selecting optimal cultivars for trap-cropping.