Spike-based neuromorphic devices promise to alleviate the energy greed of the artificial intelligence hardware by using spiking neural networks (SNNs), which employ neuron like units to process information through the timing of the spikes. These neuron-like devices only consume energy when active. Recent works have shown that resonant tunnelling diodes (RTDs) incorporating optoelectronic functionalities such as photodetection and light emission can play a major role on photonic SNNs. RTDs are devices that display an N-shaped current-voltage characteristics capable of providing negative differential conductance (NDC) over a range of the operating voltages. Specifically, RTD photodetectors (RTD-PDs) show promise due to their unique mixture of the structural simplicity while simultaneously providing highly complex non-linear behavior. The goal of this work is to present a systematic study of the how the thickness of the RTD-PD light absorption layers (100, 250, 500 nm) and the device size impacts on the performance of InGaAs RTD-PDs, namely on its responsivity and time response when operating in the third (1550 nm) optical transmission window. Our focus is on the overall characterization of the device optoelectronic response including the impact of the light absorption on the device static current-voltage characteristic, the responsivity and the photodetection time response. For the static characterization, the devices I-V curves were measured under dark conditions and under illumination, giving insights on the light induced I-V tunability effect. The RTD-PD responsivity was compared to the response of a commercial photodetector. The characterization of the temporal response included its capacity to generate optical induced neuronal-like electrical spike, that is, when working as an opto-to-electrical spike converter. The experimental data obtained at each characterization phase is being used for the evaluation and refinement of a behavioral model for RTD-PD devices under construction.

Abstract Introduction Childhood obesity is a natural response to the modern food environment. A daily consumption of sugar that exceeds the WHO recommendation by 40.7% of Portuguese children influence this condition. It is recognized that children spend more time watching television and youtube, absorbing commercials about food, being susceptible to these messages and negative health literacy. Nutrition marketing is involved in these ads and most of them promote foods high in fat, sugar and salt through persuasive techniques. Purpose Assess implications of exposure to nutritional marketing through television and YouTube on preferences, attitudes and consumption of children from 6 to 10 years old and contribute to the increment of health literacy. Materials and methods Data collection through two online questionnaires about television and youtube habits and children's food preferences, developed by the research team. Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics software. Results Forty-two students who were attending a private school, aged between 6 and 10 were evaluated. Access to youtube has led to less healthy choices for breakfast in 95% of students (p = 0.038). It was found that most children do not have TV in their room and have a more balanced breakfast (81%). Cereals, soft drinks and biscuits are foods groups that children see the most in the tv commercials (p = 0.001). Conclusions Exposure to nutritional marketing influences children's preferences, consumption and preferences. An active strategy should be encourage to increment health literacy levels at the family level influencing therefore children's healthier choices.

Introduction:The term, Hu ¨rthle cell, is used to describe follicular-derived epithelial cells with oncocytic cytology.We can find them in the whole body, however there are more auspicious rgans, such as the thyroid gland, kidneys, salivary glands and in the parathyroid glands. Objectives:The aim of this study was to determine the Hu ¨rthle cells frequency in samples of thyroid aspiration cytology, in order to analyse the importance of them in the development of the disease and to clarify if there is any association of gender and age relative to the target population. Methods:The samples used in this study were provided by the Centro de Diagno ´stico Anatomopatolo ´gico (CEDAP).They are samples of Thyroid Fine Needle Aspiration and were performed through conventional cytology and liquid-based cytology.This study was based on 1572 samples which samples with Hu ¨rthle cells were characterized for age and gender.They were divided according to the cytological diagnosis of The Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology (TBSRTC). Results:The mean age of patients target of this study was 55 (AE14) years.65 samples belonged to the feminine gender and 7 belonged to the masculine gender.According to the TBSRTC, 9 cytologies should be repeated and 25 patients will be referred for surgery.There is a statistically significant association between samples with Hu ¨rthle Cells and categories II-Benign, III-Atypia of Undetermined Significance or Follicular Lesion of Undetermined Significance and IV-Follicular Neoplasm or Suspicious for a Follicular Neoplasm. Conclusions:The incidence of thyroid neoplasm is increasing and becoming more aggressive.According to the obtained results, we have confirmed the same variables of the previous studies (age and gender) and conclude that Hu ¨rthle cells appear to have a statistically significant association with some diagnosis, predicting more advanced stages.

colonization isolates was achieved by API20E and ID32GN and by Vitek2-system in clinical isolates. ESBL-producers were confirmed by E-test and the double-disk-synergy-test. PCR was performed for detection of TEM/OXA/SHV/CTX-Mgroup1/CTX-M-15 genes, phylogenetic-groups, O25b-ST131clonal-group, genes coding for resistance to non-lactamantibiotics and twenty-two virulence-factors. Sequencing was performed using group-specific primers for -lactamase-genes. E. coli isolates relationship was addressed by pulsed-field-gelelectrophoresis (PFGE). Results: Fifty-eight CTX-M-15-producing-E. coli-O25b-ST131 isolates were detected and clustered in nine PFGE-profiles ( 80%homology). Each PFGE type contains clinical isolates from different products, and intestinal-colonization isolates. These isolates showed also extended-resistance-phenotype to nonlactam-antibiotics and a virulent profile. Conclusions: Clonality relationships of CTX-M-producing-E. coli-O25bST131, alert to the circulation of patients between different types of care, favoring the dissemination of these multiresistant bacteria in elder-care network. Intestinal colonization is a silent form of dissemination of CTX-M-15-producing-E. coli and resistance genes, promoted by patient circulation through the healthcare network.

Falls can cause fear of falling, participation estrictions, gait changes or isolation.Once a fall occurred, the risk of falling again within the following year increases 3 times. Objectives:To examine the characteristics and the consequences of falls in the Portuguese community-dwelling adults aged 50 or over. Methods:Descriptive study of a subsample of 168 Portuguese community-dwelling adults aged 50 or over (mean age 70.45AE10.40years old; 78.6% female), who reported at least one fall in the previous 12 months, retrieved from a representative sample of the Portuguese Population (n = 537), surveyed regarding demographics, health condition, history of falls, fear of falling, sedentary lifestyle and participation profile.Results: 59.5% of the sample reported fear of falling, 49.4% sedentary lifestyle, 55.4% hypertension, 65.5% daily intake of 4 or more different medicines; 32.1% needed assistance after falling, mainly emergency services (81.5%); 8.3% had a fracture and 3.6% were hospitalized (mean of days 7.67 AE 14.39).64.7% of the falls occurred outside home, due to stumble (42.3%) or slip (25.6%).After a fall, 23.2% reported restrictions in participation (mean of days 48.51 AE 67.77). Conclusions:Fall related injuries can lead to hospital admission, long-term care facility admission, restrictions in participation and activity limitations.These consequences have significant associated costs, representing a significant burden to a health care system.Falls must be prevented in order to avoid these consequences.The epidemiology of falls can provide helpful insights for developing falls-prevention strategies, from screening to prescription of tailored interventions.

application of the inclusion criteria, the articles selected were analysed for MNP characteristics, encapsulation material, and its efficacy in in vitro or in vivo models.Results: 14 articles were selected out of a total of 87 found in the search.The majority of the MNP described in the studies were iron oxide-based, being safer than other materials and were loaded with anti-neoplastic drugs, natural components and plasmids, using DNA gene therapy.Polymeric encapsulation materials were one of the most used options due to its high stability and biocompatibility.Positive outcomes in cancer theranostics were found in 13 studies, in animal models. Conclusions:MNP are a promising approach in vivo for treating cancer, although studies in humans are still lacking.More studies on the toxicity of the encapsulation material and the size of the MNP are needed.This review emphasizes the importance of the use of nanotechnology in cancer theranostics and shows that future research is oriented towards the production of MNP capable of destroying the maximum number of tumour cells without damaging healthy tissues.

Introduction:Disasters, regardless of their nature, translate into processes of rupture and social chaos that show whether or not society is ready to deal with natural and technological risks.lthough nurses are an integral part of every effort to treat disaster victims, the need for better readiness for inevitable catastrophes through education and training is essential. Objectives:This Integrative review of literature aims at understanding the role of Nursing Schools in the preparation of students in order for there to be competent action in disaster scenarios.Methods: An integrative literature review was conducted with searches undertaken in several electronic databases restricted to the period from 2005 to 2017. Results:Based on a reflective analysis of the collected materials, evidence has been found which supports the conclusion that nursing education processes, in this specific context, have been lacking, which may lead to inefficient response and lack of coordinated care.Taken together, these studies suggest that, although nursing schools have incorporated disaster nursing content in the intervening years, there is still absence of consistency in curricular design and methodology in this field.

to be in the broad domain of social networks. Michel Callon and Bruno Latour, STS academics of the École Supérieure des Mines de Paris, are their uncontested continental parents. We can report John Law, in Lancaster University, as the leading British key proponent of ANT from the very beginning. Lancaster University provides a lot of papers’ references and sources on ANT in their site (see references). Actor-network theory is not exactly a theory, neither it is a methodology (Latour, 1998); we would say ANT is an approach, a paradigm, eventually a conceptual tool embedded in a constructivist paradigm. ANT is an interesting analytical framework to understand the role of science and technology in structuring actions in complex socio-technical systems. We think ANT can offer valuable insights on complex heterogeneous systems and we also think that it can go far beyond study, analysis, description and explanation of facts, but in this encyclopaedia entry, we will mainly address the common understanding on the subject. Taking both humans and non-humans as actors, ANT dissolves two dualisms: between human and technical artefacts, and between “network” and “actor”. An actor-network is composed of heterogeneous elements, animate and inanimate, linked to one another for a certain period of time. Actor-networks rise up and dissolve themselves as part of their life cycle. They can, at any

In this paper the main mechanical properties of concrete produced with recycled aggregates obtained from crushing both structural and non-structural lightweight concrete are characterized. Various concrete mixes with replacement ratios of 20%, 50% and 100% of two types of coarse lightweight aggregates (LWA) by recycled lightweight concrete aggregates (RLCA) were studied in terms of their compressive strength, tensile strength, modulus of elasticity and abrasion resistance. Generally the experimental results show that all the studied properties are improved with the introduction of RLCA. In particular, concrete with RLCA has higher structural efficiency than the reference concrete, with LWA alone. It is thus concluded that more cost-effective structural lightweight concrete (LWC) can be produced with the introduction of RLCA. Moreover, it is shown that the RLCA obtained from non-structural lightweight concrete can be used to produce structural LWC. There is a slight reduction of the concrete's mechanical properties when the stronger LWA is replaced with the more porous RLCA obtained from non-structural lightweight concrete.

The proposed work aimed to survey the Asteraceae species contained in the collection of the Herbarium UFMT for purposes of performing the preliminary version to compose the Flora of Mato Grosso State. Allied to this was held to update the number of species as well as the nomenclatural verification of all scientific names. Were found 150 species in 82 genera of which 33 are new records for the state and 16 are framed in IUCN categories. The species are distributed over all biomes: Cerrado, Pantanal and the Amazon forest, but the forest environment showed low number of samples, probably due to the difficulties of access by researchers. Finally, when we combine the analysis of the collection of UFMT to other herbaria that have herbarium collections in the state, we actually have a very real composition survey of Asteraceae for Mato Grosso State.