The expansion of blackberry cropping in subtropical regions is recent, requiring adaptability studies and the development of new cultivars, as well as suitable plant management. Aiming to study adaptability and agronomic performance of blackberry (Rubus spp.) under drastic summer pruning in a subtropical region, the response of four blackberry cultivars ('BRS Tupy', 'Guarani', 'Brazos' and 'Choctaw') to N and K fertilization was evaluated during two growing seasons in Jundiaí (Brazil). The experiment used split-plots in a randomized complete block design with four replicates. The plots consisted of combinations of three N rates (75, 150 and 300 kg·ha–1·year–1) and three K rates (50, 100 and 200 kg·ha–1·year–1 of K2O) in factorial arrangement and an additional control treatment without fertilizer application. In the subplots, four cultivars of blackberry were studied. Considering fruit yield, accumulation of phytomass and mineral elements, as well as the nutrient efficiency use, the cultivars that showed greater adaptation to cultivation in a subtropical area under drastic summer pruning management are 'Brazos', 'Guarani', 'BRS Tupy' and 'Choctaw', in that order. An annual application of 120 and 67 kg·ha–1 of N and K2O, respectively, is expected to be sufficient to achieve maximum economic yield.

Anastrepha fraterculus (Wiedemann) is dominant in the main guava’s crops. Guavas are an important host of A. fraterculus for providing a good performance for the immature and high reproductive capacity. We evaluated the performance of A. fraterculus in two guava varieties related to the fruit physicochemical composition under laboratory conditions. Mature-green guavas of “Tailandesa” (red pulp) and “Kumagai” (white pulp) varieties were exposed to forced infestation by A. fraterculus in laboratory. An additional sample of each variety was submitted to physicochemical analysis. Similar quantities of pupae per fruit (128.5 – 156.0) and pupal viability (85.9% and 87.5%) were obtained per variety, but “Kumagai” produced significantly more pupae of A. fraterculus per fruit mass (1000.6 pupae/kg). Pupal weight was higher in “Tailandesa” (115.3 mg/10 pupae) than “Kumagai” (82.6 mg/10 pupae). Significant positive correlations were obtained between pupae per fruit or kg versus adults per kg for both varieties. A positive correlation was observed between pupae per fruit and pupae per kg of “Kumagai” guavas. Peel and pulp firmness were inversely correlated with pupae per fruit and pupae per kg. Weight of 10 pupae of A. fraterculus was correlated with fruit weight of “Tailandesa” guavas. The multivariate analysis PCA showed a relationship between pupae per kg and peel firmness, pulp firmness, Ratio, soluble solids, and titratable acidity in “Kumagai” guava. This explains the higher infestation index pupae per kg and better reproductive performance of A. fraterculus in “Kumagai” guava.

Baby leaf has the increasing potential to stimulate vegetable consumption by the Brazilian population. It can be grown in soil and soilless, inside or outside greenhouses. In Brazil, there are few studies focusing on baby leaf production systems, though growing this vegetable in trays at greenhouses is a possibility. Therefore, the aim of this work was to evaluate table beet cultivar 'Tall Top Early Wonder', production and postharvest viability in trays with different cell volumes. Two attempts (March 19 to May 12 and September 30 to November 10, 2009) were carried out at the Agronomic Institute (IAC), in Campinas, Sao Paulo State, Brazil. Aside from them, two others were carried out to evaluate the postharvest storability of table beet baby leaf. The experimental design used for the first two experiments was randomized blocks in split-plot with five replicates. The main treatment was seven tray cell volumes (15, 24, 27, 31, 55, 70, and 100 cm(3)), and the secondary treatment evaluation times (14, 21, 28, 35, 42, 49 and 56 days after seeding in the first essay, and 21, 28, 35, and 42 in the second). For the postharvest experiments, the experimental design used was split-plot with five replicates. In each evaluated temperature (10±1 and 25±2°C), the main treatment was the same as in the tray cell volumes and the secondary storage days. Considering the results, the cell volumes of 24, 27, and 31 cm(3) were the most conducive to significant table beet baby leaf production. In comparison with 25°C, the temperature of 10°C allowed higher quality of baby leaf, resulting in one extra day added to the first assay and three days to the second.

O presente trabalho teve por objetivo verificar a qualidade pós-colheita de cultivares de milho para colheita de espigas verdes provenientes de cultivo orgânico e convencional embaladas em bandejas de poliestireno expandido recoberto com filme de policloreto de vinila (PVC) em condições ambientais. Foram utilizadas espigas de milho provenientes de cultivos orgânico e convencional conduzidos na área experimental sediada no município de Andradina-SP. Seis bandejas por cultivar foram acondicionadas a 25,5 ± 2 °C e 60 ± 8 % UR por até 7 dias. As avaliações foram realizadas no início do experimento, 3 e 7 dias de armazenamento. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado, com três repetições, sendo os tratamentos dispostos em esquema fatorial 7 x 2 (cultivares: AG 1051, AG 4051, XB 7116, Cativerde, 20A55, BM 3061 e 2B587 e cultivo: orgânico e convencional). As unidades experimentais foram constituídas por cinco espigas em cada bandeja. Pelos resultados apresentados é possível concluir que a qualidade pós-colheita de espigas de milho verde das cultivares testadas não é influenciada pelo sistema de cultivo (convencional e orgânico).

This research aimed to evaluate the production and postharvest quality of pear tree cultivars in subtropical conditions at eastern of Sao Paulo state. For such, an assay of competition among cultivars was implanted in the Jundiai city-SP, with five cultivars ('Centenaria', 'Triunfo', 'Primorosa', 'Seleta' and 'Tenra'). The experiment was implanted in 2007, the spacing was of 3.0mx4.0m, and the plants were grafting in Pyrus calleryana. The evaluations had been carried through in three vegetative cycle (2009/10, 2010/11 and 2011/12), the phenological stage, productive aspects and fruit postharvest quality were evaluated. The pear 'Tenra' presented highest production, with 6kg of fruits per plant. The cultivars produced fruits with typical coloring firmness and acceptable, but slightly sweet.

Objetivou-se avaliar o desempenho produtivo e a qualidade pós-colheita de cultivares de pereira nas condições subtropicais da região leste paulista. Para tanto, um ensaio de competição de cultivares foi implantado no município de Jundiaí-SP, com cinco cultivares ('Centenária', 'Triunfo', 'Primorosa', 'Seleta' e 'Tenra'). O experimento foi implantado em 2007, no espaçamento de 3,0mx4,0m, com mudas enxertadas no porta-enxerto Pyrus calleryana. As avaliações foram realizadas em três ciclos vegetativos (2009/10, 2010/11 e 2011/12), analisando-se os aspectos fenológicos, produtivos e a qualidade pós-colheita das frutas. A pereira 'Tenra' apresentou a maior produção, com 6kg de frutos por planta. As cultivares estudadas produziram frutas com coloração típica e firmeza aceitável, porém pouco doces

The marketing of strelitzia (Strelitzia reginae) has been increasing due to its beauty, exotic colors and high post-harvest longevity. It has potential to increase also in international exports, however this has been limited by the scarcity of information on the flower post-harvest management and packaging. Therefore, this study aimed to further the technology of strelitzia postharvest to maintain high quality of the product and to select a packaging system suitable for export, ensuring high quality to the final consumer. The damages of the stem and the petal color on the buds of Strelitzia reginae were evaluated and it was observed that the stalks harvested with closed buds had extended longevity, while the flower stalks harvested with the first opened button had the highest flower opening rate. As for mechanical damage, the sleeve net protection most affected the visual appearance of the flowers. The cardboard box packaging showed the lowest percentage of damage in the stems.

Objetivou-se avaliar o desempenho adaptativo, produtivo e atributos de qualidade de cultivares de macieira nas condições subtropicais da região leste paulista. Para tal, um ensaio de competição de cultivares foi implantado no município de Jundiaí, SP, com sete cultivares ('Eva', 'Condessa', 'Princesa', 'Rainha', 'Imperial Gala', 'Daiane', e 'Baronesa'). O experimento foi implantado em 2006, no espaçamento de 3,0mx1,5m, com mudas enxertadas no porta-enxerto Marubakaido e interenxerto M9. As avaliações foram realizadas em dois ciclos produtivos (2008/09 e 2009/10), analisando-se os aspectos fenológicos, produtivos e atributos de qualidade do fruto. As cultivares de macieira 'Eva', 'Baronesa' e 'Princesa' apresentaram maior produção de frutos. A cultivar 'Baronesa' apresentou atributos de qualidade mais adequados ao consumo ao natural, com menor acidez titulável e boa firmeza de polpa e ratio mais elevado.

These research aimed evaluate the production and quality attributes of apple tree cultivars in subtropical conditions at eastern of Sao Paulo state. For such, an assay of competition among cultivars was implanted in the Jundiai city, SP, with seven cultivars ('Eva', 'Condessa', 'Princesa', 'Rainha', 'Imperial Gala', 'Daiane', and 'Baronesa'). The experiment was implanted in 2006, the spacing was 3,0mx1,5m, and the plants were grafting in Marubakaido roostock and M9 inter-grafting. The evaluations had been carried through in two production cycle (2008/09 and 2009/10), the phenological stage, productive aspects and fruit quality attributes were evaluated. 'Eva', 'Baronesa' and 'Princesa' showed higher productive performance. The 'Baronesa' apple presented fruit quality attributes most suitable for the fresh market, i.e., lower acidity and good firmness, and the highest ratio.

No presente trabalho, determinou-se o tempo de resfriamento de pimentão amarelo 'Zarco HS' submetido ao resfriamento rápido com ar forçado, usando diferentes tipos de embalagens, bem como sua conservação pós-colheita por um período de 30 dias sob refrigeração a 5,1±0,2°C e UR de 98,6±0,3%. A temperatura foi medida através de termopares na câmara, no evaporador, nos frutos e nas embalagens, num total de 48 termopares. Foram realizadas as análises: perda de massa, teor de umidade e índice de firmeza. O trabalho permitiu concluir que o resfriamento rápido com ar forçado mostrou-se adequado quando aplicado como uma tecnologia de conservação pós-colheita para pimentão amarelo 'Zarco HS', com uma redução da temperatura de 7/8 do tempo de resfriamento em no máximo 56 minutos.In the present research it was determined the cooling time of yellow Bell pepper 'Zarco HS' submitted to forced air cooling, using different types of packaging, as well its postharvest conservation under refrigeration at 5,1±0,2°C and 98,6±0,3% RH during a period of 30 days under. The temperature was measured by thermocouples in the chamber, the evaporator, fruit and packs for a total of 48 thermocouples. The analysis of mass loss, humidity content, and firmness index were realized. It was possible to conclude that the forced air cooling process it's a feasible technology for postharvest conservation of yellow bell pepper 'Zarco HS' reducing the temperature of 7/8 cooling time to the maximum of 56 minutes.

No presente trabalho, determinou-se o tempo de resfriamento de pimentão amarelo 'Zarco HS' submetido ao resfriamento rápido com ar forçado, usando diferentes tipos de embalagens, bem como sua conservação pós-colheita por um período de 30 dias sob refrigeração a 5,1±0,2°C e UR de 98,6±0,3%. A temperatura foi medida através de termopares na câmara, no evaporador, nos frutos e nas embalagens, num total de 48 termopares. Foram realizadas as análises: perda de massa, teor de umidade e índice de firmeza. O trabalho permitiu concluir que o resfriamento rápido com ar forçado mostrou-se adequado quando aplicado como uma tecnologia de conservação pós-colheita para pimentão amarelo 'Zarco HS', com uma redução da temperatura de 7/8 do tempo de resfriamento em no máximo 56 minutos.

Objetivou-se avaliar o desempenho adaptativo, produtivo e atributos de qualidade de cultivares de macieira nas condições subtropicais da região leste paulista. Para tal, um ensaio de competição de cultivares foi implantado no município de Jundiaí, SP, com sete cultivares ('Eva', 'Condessa', 'Princesa', 'Rainha', 'Imperial Gala', 'Daiane', e 'Baronesa'). O experimento foi implantado em 2006, no espaçamento de 3,0mx1,5m, com mudas enxertadas no porta-enxerto Marubakaido e interenxerto M9. As avaliações foram realizadas em dois ciclos produtivos (2008/09 e 2009/10), analisando-se os aspectos fenológicos, produtivos e atributos de qualidade do fruto. As cultivares de macieira 'Eva', 'Baronesa' e 'Princesa' apresentaram maior produção de frutos. A cultivar 'Baronesa' apresentou atributos de qualidade mais adequados ao consumo ao natural, com menor acidez titulável e boa firmeza de polpa e ratio mais elevado.These research aimed evaluate the production and quality attributes of apple tree cultivars in subtropical conditions at eastern of São Paulo state. For such, an assay of competition among cultivars was implanted in the Jundiaí city, SP, with seven cultivars ('Eva', 'Condessa', 'Princesa', 'Rainha', 'Imperial Gala', 'Daiane', and 'Baronesa'). The experiment was implanted in 2006, the spacing was 3,0mx1,5m, and the plants were grafting in Marubakaido roostock and M9 inter-grafting. The evaluations had been carried through in two production cycle (2008/09 and 2009/10), the phenological stage, productive aspects and fruit quality attributes were evaluated. 'Eva', 'Baronesa' and 'Princesa' showed higher productive performance. The 'Baronesa' apple presented fruit quality attributes most suitable for the fresh market, i.e., lower acidity and good firmness, and the highest ratio.

The application of imaging techniques in agricultural process is becoming a very promising tool in supporting pattern development as well as shape and size survey. The analysis of individual elements in the classification process or at the initial specie recognition meets timing and precision requirements. Brazil exhibits an outstanding potential to develop flower and ornamental plants production for the domestic as well as for the international markets. Nowadays flower production provides an income close to US$ 1.3 billion/year, gathering more than 500 producers concentrated in an area of 8500 hectares, generating an income of U$ 35 million in the year of 2007. The Brazilian flowers and ornamental plants exportation strategy has the objective of orienting and directing the specific potentiality of flower production to take the commercial opportunities offered by the international market, emphasizing post-harvest technology. Based on what it has been explained above, the objectives of this research work can be summarized as to test the application of digital imaging on gerbera (Gerbera jasmesonii) stem. A total of 120 stems digital images were processed through the ‘ImageJ’ free software. From generated stem images, computer routines were written able to recognize and to classify gerbera according to flower opening, stem straightness as well as peduncle inclination.

Considering the low average production of quince tree in subtropical regions, the present study was developed in order to select productive cultivars for Sao Paulo state. Plants of three years of quince tree 'Marmelo Pera', 'Smyrna', 'Cheldow', 'Van Deman', 'Meliforme', 'Portugal', 'Provence', 'Mendoza Inta-37', 'Rea's Mamouth', 'Fuller', 'Meech Prolific', 'De Patras' and 'Pineapple', located at the Fruit Center APTA, Agronomic Institute (Jundiai/SP, Brazil) in a spacing of 3 x 4 m, were evaluated in 2008/09 and 2009/10 crop years. During the two seasons were measured phenological description, average number of fruit, average and estimated yield, mass, diameter and length of the fruit, skin and pulp color, flesh firmness, total soluble solids, titratable acidity and the ratio SS/TA. It was concluded that the quince 'Fuller' 'Smyrna', 'Portugal', 'Provence', and 'Mendoza Inta-37' showed higher productive performance. The quince 'Mendoza Inta-37' showed quality attributes most suitable for the fresh market, i.e., higher soluble solids content, lower acidity and firmness, and the highest ratio, followed by quince 'Fuller', 'Provence', and 'Portugal'.

The essential oils isolated from the vegetative aerial parts (mature branches with leaves) of 16 Eucalyptus species, grown in Mata Experimental do Escaroupim (Salvaterra de Magos, Portugal) were studied. The essential oils from E. bosistoana F. Muell., E. botryoides Sm., E. camaldulensis Dehnh., E. cinerea F. Muell., E. citriodora Hook., E. cordieri Trabut, E. dives Schauer, E. ficifolia F. Muell., E. globulus Labill., E. pauciflora Sieber ex Spreng., E. polyanthemos Schauer, E. radiata Sieber ex DC, E. saligna Sm., E. smithii R.T. Baker, E. urophylla S. T. Blake and E. viminalis Labill. were analyzed by GC and GC-MS, and the percentage composition of the volatiles was used to determine the relationship between the different oil samples by cluster analysis. Cluster analysis showed a high correlation (S-corr >= 0.80) among 11 species (E. bosistoana, E. botryoides, E. camaldulensis, E. cinerea, E. cordieri, E. globulus, E. polyanthemos, E. radiata, E. saligna, E. smithii and E. viminalis), mainly due to their richness in 1,8-cineole (27-83%). The remaining 5 species were dominated by citronellal (36%, E. citriodora), piperitone (40%, E. dives), limonene and alpha-pinene (41 and 44%, respectively, E. ficifolia), alpha-pinene (82%, E. pauciflora) and alpha-phellandrene (45%, E. urophylla).

The Experimental Forest of Escaroupim [Mata Experimental do Escaroupim (MEE), Salvaterra de Magos, Portugal], is a protected forest area with over 175 years and under the Total Forestry Regime since 1901. Lavandula pedunculata (Mill.) Cav. is an aromatic shrub common in the Iberian Peninsula [1], and frequent in the understory of the MEE Pinus, Quercus, Ulmus and Eucalyptus spp. forests. In the present work, the essential oils and trichomes morphology from flowering aerial parts of two populations of L. pedunculata collected in two years were evaluated. The essential oils were isolated by hydrodistillation, and analyzed by GC and GC-MS [2]. The indumentum of L. pedunculata field grown plants was studied by LM and SEM, according to [3]. L. pedunculata essential oils were obtained in an average yield of 2% (v/w). Thirty six components were identified, representing 97–99% of the total essential oils, which were dominated by fenchone (62–70%) and 1,8-cineole (6–28%). cis-Verbenol (traces-5%), camphor (1–5%) and limonene (traces-4%) were also relatively abundant. Previous studies also showed essential oils fenchone-, 1,8-cineole- and camphor-rich [2,4,5]. L. pedunculata showed a morphologically complex indumentum of i) non-glandular uni- and bicellular unbranched trichomes and multi-cellular branched trichomes of the stellate type; ii) peltate and capitate trichomes, the last with three different morphological types; iii) multi-cellular branched stellate type with only glandular arms and iv) multi-cellular branched stellate type with both glandular and non-glandular arms. These results are in agreement with a previous study on the indumentum of L. pedunculata field- and in vitro-grown plants [5].

Considerando a baixa produção dos marmeleiros em regiões de inverno ameno, o presente trabalho foi desenvolvido com o intuito de selecionar cultivares produtivas para o Estado de São Paulo. Plantas de três anos de idade dos marmeleiros 'Marmelo Pera', 'Smyrna', 'Cheldow', 'Van Deman', 'Meliforme', 'Portugal', 'Provence', 'Mendoza Inta-37', 'Rea´s Mamouth', 'Fuller', 'Meech Prolific', 'De Patras' e 'Pineapple', cultivadas no Centro APTA de Frutas do IAC (Jundiaí-SP), em espaçamento 3 x 4 m, foram avaliadas nas safras 2008/09 e 2009/10. Durante as duas safras, foram avaliadas as fases fenológica, número médio de frutos, produção média e produtividade estimada, massa, diâmetro e comprimento médio de frutos, coloração da epiderme e polpa, firmeza da polpa, sólidos solúveis, acidez titulável e relação SS/AT. Concluiu-se que os marmeleiros 'Fuller', 'Smyrna', 'Portugal', 'Provence' e 'Mendoza Inta-37' apresentaram maior desempenho produtivo. A cultivar Mendoza Inta-37 apresentou atributos de qualidade mais adequados ao consumo in natura, com maior teor de sólidos solúveis, menor acidez titulável e firmeza de polpa e ratio mais elevado, seguida pelos marmeleiros 'Fuller', 'Provence' e 'Portugal'.

A rápida perda de qualidade pós-colheita limita a comercialização da nêspera no mercado de frutas frescas. Neste sentido, este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar os efeitos da utilização de atmosfera modificada na conservação pós-colheita da nêspera 'Fukuhara' armazenada sob refrigeração (1 °C / 90% UR). Para tanto, os frutos (≈450 g) foram acondicionados em bandejas de poliestireno e embalados em dois tipos de filme: polietileno de baixa densidade (PEBD, 50 µm) e polipropileno (PP, 30 µm), sendo, em seguida, armazenados a 1 °C / 90% UR. Os frutos foram comparados a um controle que não envolveu a aplicação de filmes. As análises físico-químicas (perda de massa, firmeza, sólidos solúveis, pH e acidez titulável) foram realizadas aos 15, 30 e 45 dias sob refrigeração, seguido por período de três dias sob condição ambiente (25 °C / 80% UR). A composição gasosa (O2/CO2) no espaço livre das embalagens, a incidência de podridões e de manchas escuras na epiderme dos frutos também foram avaliadas. Os resultados mostraram que a utilização de filme PEBD e PP para a conservação pós-colheita da nêspera, apesar de ser eficaz na redução da perda de massa e não alterar a cidez titulável, o pH e a firmeza dos frutos, não é indicada para o aumento do período de conservação, pois deprecia sua qualidade devido a condições de anaerobiose e elevada incidência de podridões.