Sliding window protocols use finite sequence numbers to determine segment placement and order. These sequence number spaces wrap around and are reused during the operation of such protocols. This document describes a way to extend the size of these sequence numbers at the endpoints to avoid the impact of that wrap and reuse without transmitting additional information in the packet header. The resulting extended sequence numbers can be used at the endpoints in encryption and authentication algorithms to ensure input bit patterns do not repeat over the lifetime of a connection.

A tunable optical QPSK to PAM4 converter is experimentally demonstrated. The proposed method maps four symbols of QPSK signal to four different amplitude levels which can be directly detected in photo-diode. Open eyes are obtained for the detected PAM4 signal.

The performance of a black-box Raman-assisted PSA amplifier is experimentally evaluated. In a 20-Gbaud QPSK system, more than 25dB net gain is demonstrated. Comparing to a 4dB-noise-figure EDFA, ∼1.5dB ASE noise level reduction is observed.

A FBG-based pump-phase-shifter is used in the Raman-assisted PSA. By actively tuning the FBG central-wavelength to enable pump phase optimization, up-to-5.6dB signal gain is observed. An improvement of ~6% EVM and ~4dB system sensitivity is observed by 20/25-Gbaud QPSK signals.

We experimentally demonstrate an arbitrary optical higher order QAM generation using single stage nonlinear element and Kerr frequency comb. We successfully generated 80-Gbit/s 16-QAM and 120Gbit/s 64-QAM at EVM of 6.5% and 5.5% by multiplexing two and three 40-Gbit/s QPSK signals, respectively.

A tunable optical channel slicing and stitching scheme is experimentally demonstrated in QPSK/16QAM systems. Its application to dynamic bandwidth allocation in WDM channels brings >6dB OSNR improvement at 1e-3 BER comparing to direct channel insertion.

We experimentally demonstrate a tunable homodyne receiver on multiple-wavelength QPSK and 16-QAM channels at 20/30 Gbaud. A single PPLN waveguide is used to frequency/phase lock the signals with their tones. Open eye diagrams with BER measurements are shown.

We investigated various PSA schemes for phase regeneration and compared applicability to QPSK and higher-level formats. We demonstrated a polarization-diversity PSA to support a dual-polarization signal. Optical parametric amplifier may be one of the solutions to squeezing amplitude noise.

We experimentally demonstrate tunable phase-noise mitigation and automatic frequency/phase locking to a “local” pump laser for a 20-32 Gbaud QPSK homodyne receiver using nonlinear optical signal processing. For the input noisy signal, open eye-diagrams are obtained for in-phase and quadrature components and ~2 dB OSNR gain is achieved at BER 10-3.

We experimentally demonstrate a tunable optical correlator to search for multiple patterns among QPSK symbols. We utilize an optical frequency comb to generate the coherent signals and multiplex them coherently in a single PPLN waveguide. Multiple patterns with different lengths are successfully searched within QPSK symbols in a 40-Gb/s signal.

We propose and demonstrate tunable homodyne detection using nonlinear optical signal processing to automatically lock a “local” pump laser to an incoming 20-to-40-Gbaud QPSK data signal. Open eyes are obtained for both in-phase and quadrature components of the signal after ~200-km transmission over SMF-28 and DCF fibers. The BER performance of the proposed homodyne detection scheme is also compared with the conventional intradyne receiver.

We experimentally demonstrate the robustness of an MZI-based OSNR monitor under reconfigurable network and transmitter drift. The monitor calibration factors for 25 Gbaud PM-QPSK signal are stored after assembly and applied to study the accuracy of the OSNR monitoring unit when different changing scenarios outside the monitor occurred.

We experimentally investigate a polarization-diversity phase-sensitive amplifier (PSA) for phase regeneration of 25-Gbaud DP-BPSK and DP-QPSK signals and show effective reduction on phase noise in both polarizations. BER measurements and reduced phase noise are achieved for both polarizations.

We experimentally demonstrate tunable optical Nyquist generation of 32Gbaud QPSK signals using optical tapped-delay line. Optical Nyquist spectra for different number of taps are shown, and 20% EVM and 2.8 dB OSNR penalty at BER of 1e-3 are measured.

Quantum networks generate distributed entangled state or relocate quantum state, uniquely ensuring eavesdropper detection or reaching agreement more quickly than their classical counterparts. These capabilities rely on the composition of link and multihop mechanisms into a coherent system, with particular attention to managing errors in and loss of delicate quantum states. This article explores quantum networking in terms of fundamental network architecture principles, and explains where and how it diverges from its classical counterparts. It discusses engineering principles that ensure robust and interoperable communication by introducing new protocol layers to support quantum sessions, and considers how these layers interact with quantum link mechanisms to support user-level quantum-enabled applications.

A 32×32 optical packet switch design using only four packets of variable delay is shown 95% as efficient as electronic switching using simulated Poisson Internet traffic. Our forward-shift approach is 10-30% better than a backward-shift.

This document is a collection of potential solutions for revealing a host identifier (denoted as HOST_ID) when a Carrier Grade NAT (CGN) or application proxies are involved in the path.This host identifier could be used by a remote server to sort packets according to the sending host.The host identifier must be unique to each host under the same shared IP address.This document analyzes a set of potential solutions for revealing a host identifier and does not recommend a particular solution, although it does highlight the hazards of some approaches.

The IPv4 Identification (ID) field enables fragmentation and reassembly and, as currently specified, is required to be unique within the maximum lifetime for all datagrams with a given source address/destination address/protocol tuple. If enforced, this uniqueness requirement would limit all connections to 6.4 Mbps for typical datagram sizes. Because individual connections commonly exceed this speed, it is clear that existing systems violate the current specification. This document updates the specification of the IPv4 ID field in RFCs 791, 1122, and 2003 to more closely reflect current practice and to more closely match IPv6 so that the field's value is defined only when a datagram is actually fragmented. It also discusses the impact of these changes on how datagrams are used. [STANDARDS-TRACK]

This document describes how the experimental TCP option codepoints canconcurrently support multiple TCP extensions, even within the sameconnection, using a new IANA TCP experiment identifier. This approachis robust to experiments that are not registered and to those that donot use this sharing mechanism. It is recommended for all new TCPoptions that use these codepoints.