SummaryManagement of metal on metal hip replacements can be accomplished with a simple algorithm including easily available metal ion levels and hip MRI with metal artifact reducing software. After revision serum metal ion levels can be expected to fall rapidly.IntroductionMetallic ion release may be related to bearing surface wear and thus serves as an indicator of the in-vivo performance of metal on metal articulations. The purpose of this prospective, controlled study was to compare new large head metal on metal hip components with established modular metal on metal and metal on polyethylene and to determine their effects on serum metal levels before and after revision.Patients & MethodsWe performed a multi-surgeon, prospective, controlled trial to compare clinical, radiographic, and metal ion concentration in serum (cobalt and chrome) results across multiple devices including the Large Head ASR XL System (MoM-1), the Ultamet Advanced Modularity System (MoM-2), and as the control the Pinacle Acetabular...

Numerous areas of chemistry can benefit from the ongoing genomic revolution. Here, we discuss and highlight trends in chemistry in the postgenomic era. The areas of interest include combinatorial approaches in organic chemistry; design and analysis of proteins containing unnatural amino acids; trace element-containing proteins; design and characterization of new enzyme types; applications of postgenomic chemistry in drug design; identification of lipid networks and global characterization of lipid molecular species; development of recombinant and selfproliferating polymers; and applications in food chemistry and bioanalytical chemistry based on new nanoanalytical systems and novel recognition elements.

Numerous areas of chemistry can benefit from the ongoing genomic revolution. Here, we discuss and highlight trends in chemistry in the postgenomic era. The areas of interest include combinatorial approaches in organic chemistry; design and analysis of proteins containing unnatural amino acids; trace element-containing proteins; design and characterization of new enzyme types; applications of postgenomic chemistry in drug design; identification of lipid networks and global characterization of lipid molecular species; development of recombinant and selfproliferating polymers; and applications in food chemistry and bioanalytical chemistry based on new nanoanalytical systems and novel recognition elements.

Numerous areas of chemistry can benefit from the ongoing genomic revolution. Here, we discuss and highlight trends in chemistry in the postgenomic era. The areas of interest include combinatorial approaches in organic chemistry; design and analysis of proteins containing unnatural amino acids; trace element-containing proteins; design and characterization of new enzyme types; applications of postgenomic chemistry in drug design; identification of lipid networks and global characterization of lipid molecular species; development of recombinant and selfproliferating polymers; and applications in food chemistry and bioanalytical chemistry based on new nanoanalytical systems and novel recognition elements.

Numerous areas of chemistry can benefit from the ongoing genomic revolution. Here, we discuss and highlight trends in chemistry in the postgenomic era. The areas of interest include combinatorial approaches in organic chemistry; design and analysis of proteins containing unnatural amino acids; trace element-containing proteins; design and characterization of new enzyme types; applications of postgenomic chemistry in drug design; identification of lipid networks and global characterization of lipid molecular species; development of recombinant and selfproliferating polymers; and applications in food chemistry and bioanalytical chemistry based on new nanoanalytical systems and novel recognition elements.

The human genome project, as well as advances in our understanding of asthma susceptibility, are yielding novel candidate targets for disease intervention. The normalization of up-regulated gene expression may treat or improve the disease outcome. However, only some of these gene product targets may be 'tractable', i.e. amenable to blockade by small, orally active, organic molecules. The remainder have been termed 'non-tractable'. For over a decade, antisense oligonucleotides (ASONs) have been used as tools to evaluate the importance of specific gene products in vitro. In recent years evidence has accumulated indicating their potential as a viable new therapeutic approach in their own right, being able to block 'non-tractable' targets as well as 'tractable' targets.Distribution, cell-specific uptake, and effectiveness of aerosolized phosphorothioate ASONs are currently being evaluated in animal models. The results demonstrate broad distribution throughout the lung, and uptake by all of the cell types examined to date. Functionality has been demonstrated against diverse targets, including nuclear transcription factors, tyrosine kinases, G-protein coupled receptors, cytokine receptors, growth factors, and chemokines.EPI-2010, a respirable ASON (RASON) against the adenosine A(1) receptor, is the first test case for this new class of respiratory therapeutics. The rationale for EPI-2010 is that overactivity of the adenosine-signaling pathway in asthmatic lungs contributes to airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness. EPI-2010 binds to the initiation codon of the adenosine A(1) receptor mRNA, and thereby blocks translation and targets the message for degradation by RNase. EPI-2010 is apparently metabolized locally by endogenous nucleases confining its activity to the airways. Phase I clinical trials have shown EPI-2010 to be well-tolerated, with indications of efficacy. In conclusion, one important application of RASONs is in addressing up-regulated disease targets, only some of which are 'tractable' by small molecules. It is hoped that this will yield new therapeutic options to the benefit of patients with asthma and allergic disorders.