Abstract is missing (Short communication)

Allopregnanolone is a metabolite of the sex hormone progesterone, with suggested relevance for female mood disorders. While allopregnanolone and serotonin are known to influence psychological well-being, the molecular and psychological specifics of their relationship are to date poorly understood, especially in women of fertile age who experience regular fluctuations of progesterone across the menstrual cycle. Availability of serotonin in the synaptic cleft is regulated by the serotonin transporter (SERT), which can be imaged in the living human brain by use of positron emission tomography (PET) and the radiotracer [11C]DASB. To evaluate sex-specific allopregnanolone-SERT interactions, the present study investigated the relationship between cerebral SERT availability, serum allopregnanolone levels and psychological well-being in women of fertile age. Brain imaging data, self-reported symptoms of mental distress and emotion regulation, and biobank material from ninety healthy women were available from the Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging (CIMBI) database. Age, BMI, and daylight minutes were included as covariates in the analyses and SERT genotype (5-HTTLPR) was considered a potential confounder. Lower serum allopregnanolone levels were associated with higher SERT binding in the prefrontal cortex. Moreover, allopregnanolone levels were negatively associated with measures of alertness, although this finding was not mediated by prefrontal cortex SERT binding. These findings suggest a link between the typical psychological well-being experienced in the follicular phase when allopregnanolone levels are low and higher SERT in the prefrontal cortex, a region for higher cognitive functions and top-down regulation of emotions.

The immune mechanisms involved in atopic dermatitis (AD) are complex and little is known about the possible role of the gut microbiota in the aetiopathogenesis of AD. A systematic review of the literature was performed according to PRISMA guidelines, and included 44 of 2,199 studies (26 observational and 18 interventional studies). Detection of gut microbiota was performed by either 16s rRNA PCR, or by culture. Observational studies were diverse regarding the age of study participants and the bacterial species investigated. Overall, the results were conflicting with regard to diversity of the gut microbiota, specific bacterial colonization, and subsequent risk of AD. Nearly half of the included interventional studies showed that an altered gut microbial colonization due to use of probiotics had a positive effect on the severity of AD. The remaining studies did not show an effect of probiotics on the severity of AD despite an alteration in the gut microbial composition. The role of the gut microbiome for the onset and severity of pre-existing AD remains controversial.

银屑病是一种常见的皮肤病,影响全世界约 4‐5% 的人。银屑病可以通过皮肤上的红色、鳞屑区域进行识别,并且最常见的部位是肘部、膝盖、头皮和下背部。鉴于这些身体症状,有人可能怀疑银屑病患者可能有睡眠困难。这项来自丹麦哥本哈根的研究旨在研究银屑病患者的睡眠障碍。研究对象包括 179 名银屑病患者和 105 名没有银屑病的患者,他们都完成了关&`#x4E8E;睡眠质量的问卷调查。25% 的银屑病患者有睡眠障碍,超过一半的患者可归为睡眠不良者。这些数字远高于未患银屑病的人群中的数据。此外,作者还发现皮肤瘙痒是银屑病患者睡眠质量下降的主要原因。

Giuseppe Argenziano – Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy Perla Calderón – University of Chile, Santiago, Chile Lars E. French – University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland Robert Gniadecki – Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark Qiang Ju – Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China Brian Kirby – St. Vincent’s University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland Dan Lipsker – University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France Branka Marinović – University Hospital Center Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia Tetsuo Shiohara – Kyorin University, Tokyo, Japan H. Peter Soyer – The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Australia Dae Hun Suh – Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea Jacek C. Szepietowski – University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland Christos C. Zouboulis – Dessau City Clinic, Dessau, Germany An International Journal founded as ‘Dermatologische Zeitschrift’ by Oskar Lassar (1893–1907) Continued by Erich Hoffmann (1908–1938), continued as ‘Dermatologica’ (1939–1991), by Wilhelm Lutz (1939–1958), Rudolf Schuppli (1959–1985) and J.-H. Saurat (1986–2015), continued as ‘Dermatology’ since 1992

Psoriasis has been associated with increased risk of myocardial infarction (MI) in some, but not all, studies. This study investigated the risk of MI in patients with psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis in Denmark. All residents aged ≥18 years from 1 January 2008 through 31 December 2012 were included. Adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) did not show an increased risk of MI in patients with mild psoriasis (HR 1.02; 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.96-1.09), whereas the risk was slightly increased in patients with severe psoriasis (HR 1.21; 1.07-1.37). Stratified by age, there was no increased risk of MI in any specific age group, regardless of severity. Limited to first-time MI, the risk was increased only in patients with severe psoriasis aged <50 years (HR 1.52; 1.03-2.25). The same applied to patients without psoriatic arthritis (severe psoriasis aged <50 years; HR 1.74; 1.11-2.72). In analyses restricted to patients with psoriatic arthritis, age-specific strata did not show any association between psoriatic arthritis and MI risk.

a sensitivity of 98% (10). SAS version 9.4 (SAS Institute Inc. Cary, NC, USA) and STATA version 11.2 (StataCorp, College Station, TX, USA) were used to compute case-control ORs with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs), based on conditional logistic regression (11). This model inherently adjusts for the matched factors, and we also adjusted the models for differences in socio-economic status and smoking history, respectively. Socio-economic status was calculated as an index between 0 and 4 based on the average gross annual income (standardized by age) during a 5-year period before the index date. A 2-tailed p -value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Psoriasis is a common chronic inflammatory skin disease with a complex pathogenesis consisting of a genetic component, immune dysfunction, and environmental factors. It is associated with numerous comorbidities including psoriatic arthritis, cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome, and obesity. Evidence suggests that obesity is a risk factor for incident psoriasis, aggravates existing psoriasis, and that weight reduction may improve the severity of psoriasis in overweight individuals. Excess body weight may interfere with the medical treatment used in psoriasis and adds to the cardiovascular risk profile in these patients, which underscores the importance of effective weight control regimens. In this review we examine the current literature with regard to the association between obesity and psoriasis.

Psoriasis is associated with autoimmune diseases, for example, diabetes and inflammatory bowel disease. A link between psoriasis and autoimmune diseases may be the dysregulation of tissue resident memory T cells (TRMs), which reside long term in peripheral tissues including the skin. This subset of T cells probably evolved to populate epithelial barriers throughout the body with protective T cells reacting to pathogens most relevant in their respective tissues (Clark, 2015Clark R.A. Resident memory T cells in human health and disease.Sci Transl Med. 2015; 7: 269rv1Crossref PubMed Scopus (273) Google Scholar, Mackay et al., 2013Mackay L.K. Rahimpour A. Ma J.Z. Collins N. Stock A.T. Hafon M.-L. et al.The developmental pathway for CD103(+)CD8+ tissue-resident memory T cells of skin.Nat Immunol. 2013; 14: 1294-1301Crossref PubMed Scopus (787) Google Scholar, Wakim et al., 2012Wakim L.M. Woodward-Davis A. Liu R. Hu Y. Villadangos J. Smyth G. et al.The molecular signature of tissue resident memory CD8 T cells isolated from the brain.J Immunol. 2012; 189: 3462-3471Crossref PubMed Scopus (259) Google Scholar). Evidence of the role of TRMs in the pathogenesis of psoriasis first came when researchers showed that blocking E-selectin and the transfer of T cells from the circulation into the skin had no effect on the skin lesions (Bhushan et al., 2002Bhushan M. Bleiker T.O. Ballsdon A.E. Allen M.H. Sopwith M. Robinson M.K. et al.Anti-E-selectin is ineffective in the treatment of psoriasis: a randomized trial.Br J Dermatol. 2002; 146: 824-831Crossref PubMed Scopus (113) Google Scholar). Additional experiments showed that nonlesional skin from patients with psoriasis developed psoriasis upon transfer to immune-deficient mice because of activation and proliferation of autoreactive and pathogenic TRMs residing in the normal-appearing skin (Boyman et al., 2007Boyman O. Conrad C. Tonel G. Gilliet M. Nestle F.O. The pathogenic role of tissue-resident immune cells in psoriasis.Trends Immunol. 2007; 28: 51-57Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (112) Google Scholar). Because pathologic TRMs have been directly demonstrated in psoriasis and because the clinical characteristics of other human autoinflammatory diseases suggest a role for TRMs, we hypothesized that the risk of autoimmune hepatitis may be increased in patients with psoriasis. Thus, we aimed to investigate the association between psoriasis and autoimmune hepatitis in a nationwide population-based setting with adjustments for confounding factors (Clark, 2015Clark R.A. Resident memory T cells in human health and disease.Sci Transl Med. 2015; 7: 269rv1Crossref PubMed Scopus (273) Google Scholar). The study comprised all Danes aged 18 years or older from 1997 to 2011. Data on morbidity were available from the Danish National Patient Register, in which hospital admissions and diagnoses have been recorded since 1978 using International Classification of Diseases (ICD) codes (ICD-8 until 1994 and ICD-10 thereafter); hospital procedures (including hospital-based pharmacologic treatment, for example, with biologic therapy) are coded as treatment procedure (Sundhedsvæsenets Klassifikations System) codes. Data including date of dispensing, formulation, and quantity for all pharmacy-dispensed medications have been accurately registered according to the international Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical classification in the Danish Registry of Medicinal Products Statistics since 1994. Information on tax-reported household income is registered by Statistics Denmark. We calculated an age-standardized index of socioeconomic status between 0 and 4 based on the average gross annual income during a 5-year period before study inclusion. We identified patients with mild psoriasis by their second prescription of topical vitamin D derivate (Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System code D05AX) or by their first in- or outpatient consultation for psoriasis or psoriatic arthritis (ICD, eighth revision codes 696.09–10 and 696.19 and 10th revision [ICD-10] codes L40 and M070–M073). Patients were classified with severe psoriasis when they initiated systemic therapy. This method for psoriasis identification and severity classification has been previously validated with a sensitivity of 98% (Egeberg et al., 2016Egeberg A. Mallbris L. Gislason G.H. Skov L. Hansen P.R. Risk of multiple sclerosis in patients with psoriasis: a Danish nationwide cohort study.J Invest Dermatol. 2016; 136: 93-98Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (100) Google Scholar). Patients with autoimmune hepatitis were identified by ICD-10 codes K73.2 and K75.4. These codes have previously been validated, with more than 75% of patients having had a liver biopsy at the time of diagnosis (Grønbæk et al., 2014Grønbæk L. Vilstrup H. Jepsen P. Autoimmune hepatitis in Denmark: incidence, prevalence, prognosis, and causes of death. A nationwide registry-based cohort study.J Hepatol. 2014; 60: 612-617Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (207) Google Scholar). To accurately determine the temporal relationship between onset of psoriasis and risk of autoimmune hepatitis and to ensure correct risk-time allocation, we excluded people with prevalent psoriasis and/or autoimmune hepatitis. In addition, we excluded those with lupoid hepatitis, chronic hepatitis, or previous liver transplantation as well as those with incomplete information on migration (n = 39,898). We included diabetes mellitus and excessive alcohol intake in the analysis because these are risk factors for autoimmune hepatitis. The primary endpoint was the occurrence of autoimmune hepatitis. Incidence rates per 100,000 person-years and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated, and multivariable Poisson regression models were used to estimate incidence rate ratios (IRRs) and 95% CIs. Psoriasis status, age, and comorbidities (diabetes mellitus and excessive alcohol intake) were included as time-dependent variables to ensure accurate risk-time allocation. A two-sided P-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. The study population included 5,536,422 individuals aged 18 years and older between January 1, 1997, and December 31, 2011. A total of 64,271 subjects were excluded for reasons stated above. The final cohort comprised 5,472,151 persons with a maximum follow-up of 15 years. We identified patients with mild (n = 56,739) and severe psoriasis (n = 10,909). The baseline characteristics of the study populations are shown in Table 1. Incidence rates of autoimmune hepatitis per 100,000 person-years were 2.98 (95% CI = [2.84, 3.13]), 8.93 (95% CI = [5.76, 13.84]), and 10.61 (95% CI = [3.42, 33.91]) for the reference population and patients with mild and severe psoriasis, respectively (Table 2). The age-, sex-, comorbidity-, and socioeconomic-adjusted incidence rate ratios were 2.64 (95% CI 1.70–4.11, P < 0.001) in persons with mild psoriasis and 3.05 (range = 0.98–9.47, P = 0.054) in those with severe psoriasis. None of the three subjects with autoimmune hepatitis in the severe psoriasis cohort had received anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) treatment.Table 1Patient characteristics at study entry, before onset of psoriasisCharacteristicReference Population (n = 5,404,503)Mild Psoriasis (n = 56,739)Severe Psoriasis (n = 10,909)Age in years, mean (SD)40.8 (19.7)44.4 (16.7)41.9 (15.0)Women, n (%)2,737,303 (50.6)29,272 (51.6)5,607 (51.4)Men, n (%)2,667,200 (49.4)27,467 (48.4)5,302 (48.6)Socioeconomic status rating, mean (SD)1.8 (1.5)2.4 (1.4)2.4 (1.3)Diabetes mellitus, n (%)82,916 (1.5)1,015 (1.8)152 (1.4)Excessive use of alcohol, n (%)57,902 (1.1)73 (1.3)93 (0.9) Open table in a new tab Table 2Incidence rates of autoimmune hepatitis in patients with psoriasis compared with healthy control subjectsReference PopulationMild PsoriasisSevere PsoriasisNumber of events1,614203PY54,116,982.0224,004.226,267.7Incidence rate/100,000 PY2.988.9310.6195% CI[2.84, 3.13][5.76, 13.84][3.42, 33.91]Crude IRRreference2.993.56 95% CIreference[1.93, 4.65][1.15, 11.05] P-valuereference<0.001<0.05Age- and sex-adjusted IRRreference2.863.38 95% CIreference[1.84, 4.45][1.09, 10.48] P-valuereference<0.001<0.05Fully adjusted (age-, sex-, comorbidity-, and socioeconomic status) IRRreference2.643.05 95% CIreference[1.70, 4.11][0.98, 9.47] P-valuereference<0.0010.054Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; IRR, incidence rate ratio; PY, person-years. Open table in a new tab Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; IRR, incidence rate ratio; PY, person-years. In this nationwide cohort of the Danish population, we found a disease severity-dependent increased risk of autoimmune hepatitis in patients with psoriasis. Autoimmune hepatitis is a rare disease, but the population-based setting strengthened the validity of the results and avoided selection bias. However, detection bias could potentially play a role, because it is likely that physicians see patients with severe psoriasis more frequently than they see those with mild forms of the disease. However, this is unlikely to have biased our results markedly, because we detected only three events in patients with severe psoriasis. It is possible that diabetes mellitus was underdiagnosed, because many people are unaware that they have diabetes and because many are treated nonpharmacologically. Although we lacked quantitative data on alcohol consumption, it is likely that some of the milder cases of alcohol abuse were not detected. Of note, autoimmune hepatitis can be triggered by anti–TNF-α therapy used in severe psoriasis, but we also found a markedly increased risk in subjects with mild psoriasis who were not exposed to anti-TNF agents (Goujon et al., 2010Goujon C. Dahel K. Bérard F. Guillot I. Gunera-Saad N. Nicolas J.-F. Autoimmune hepatitis in two psoriasis patients treated with inflixmab.J Am Acad Dermatol. 2010; 63: e43-e44Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (27) Google Scholar, Nakayama, 2013Nakayama S. Autoimmune hepatitis triggered by Anti-TNF-α therapy.Case Rep Med. 2013; 2013: 561748Crossref PubMed Scopus (8) Google Scholar). TRMs play an important role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis and other autoimmune diseases that have been associated with psoriasis, such as inflammatory bowel disease and autoimmune hepatitis (Clark, 2015Clark R.A. Resident memory T cells in human health and disease.Sci Transl Med. 2015; 7: 269rv1Crossref PubMed Scopus (273) Google Scholar). Although inflammatory bowel disease has been associated with autoimmune hepatitis, very limited evidence has hitherto been available on the risk of severe liver disease in patients with psoriasis and none with focus on autoimmune hepatitis (Cohen et al., 2010Cohen A.D. Weitzman D. Birkenfeld S. Dreiher J. Psoriasis associated with hepatitis C but not with hepatitis B.Dermatology. 2010; 220: 218-222Crossref PubMed Scopus (44) Google Scholar, Edson-Heredia et al., 2015Edson-Heredia E. Zhu B. Lefevre C. Wang M. Barrett A. Bushe C.J. et al.Prevalence and incidence rates of cardiovascular, autoimmune, and other diseases in patients with psoriatic or psoriatic arthritis: a retrospective study using Clinical Practice Research Datalink.J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2015; 29: 955-963Crossref PubMed Scopus (72) Google Scholar, Rojas-Feria et al., 2013Rojas-Feria M. Castro M. Suárez E. Ampuero J. Romero-Gómez M. Hepatobiliary manifestations in inflammatory bowel disease: the gut, the drugs and the liver.World J Gastroenterol. 2013; 19: 7327-7340Crossref PubMed Scopus (78) Google Scholar, Yang et al., 2011Yang Y.-W. Keller J.J. Lin H.-C. Medical comorbidity associated with psoriasis in adults: a population-based study.Br J Dermatol. 2011; 165: 1037-1043Crossref PubMed Scopus (137) Google Scholar, Yeung et al., 2013Yeung H. Takeshita J. Mehta N.N. Kimmel S.E. Ogdie A. Margolis D.J. et al.Psoriasis severity and the prevalence of major medical comorbidity: a population-based study.JAMA Dermatol. 2013; 149: 1173-1179Crossref PubMed Scopus (339) Google Scholar). This nationwide cohort study of the Danish population showed an independent association between psoriasis and autoimmune hepatitis, and although a potential mechanistic link mediated by TRMs remains speculative, our results add to the growing body of evidence of psoriasis-associated comorbidities. Lone Skov has received consultancy and/or speaker honoraria from Abbott, Pfizer, Janssen-Cilag, MSD, and Leo Pharma. Dr. Skov is a member of the advisory boards of MSD, Novartis, Eli Lilly, Abbvie, Celgene, Amgen, and Janssen-Cilag. Peter Jensen has received speaker honoraria from Abbvie, Pfizer, and Janssen-Cilag.

BACKGROUNDWeight reduction may reduce the severity of psoriasis, but little is known about the long-term effects.OBJECTIVEWe aimed to investigate long-term effects of weight reduction in psoriasis.DESIGNWe previously conducted a randomized trial (n = 60) involving patients with psoriasis who were allocated to a control group or a low-energy diet (LED) group. Here we followed the participants for an additional 48-wk period. In total, 56 patients with psoriasis [mean ± SD body mass index (in kg/m(2)): 34.4 ± 5.3] underwent a 64-wk weight-loss program consisting of an initial 16-wk randomized phase with an LED for 8 wk and 8 wk of normal food intake combined with 2 LED products/d, followed by a 48-wk period of weight maintenance with the latter diet. After the randomization phase, the control group received the same 8 + 8-wk LED intervention, and all patients were then followed for 48 wk while on the weight-loss maintenance diet. The main outcome was the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI), and secondary outcome was the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI).RESULTSFor the present study, 56 patients were eligible, 38 agreed to participate, and 32 completed. After the 16-wk LED-only period, the mean weight loss was -15.0 kg (95% CI: -16.6, -13.4 kg), and PASI and DLQI were reduced by -2.3 (95% CI: -3.1, -1.5) and -2.3 (95% CI: -3.2, -1.4), respectively. At week 64, the mean weight loss compared with baseline was -10.1 kg (95% CI: -12.0, -8.1 kg), and PASI and DLQI were maintained at -2.9 (95% CI: -3.9, -1.9) and -1.9 (95% CI: -3.0, -0.9), respectively.CONCLUSIONLong-term weight loss in patients with psoriasis has long-lasting positive effects on the severity of psoriasis. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01137188.

Psoriasis is associated with an increased risk of depression, but results are inconsistent. This study examined the risk of new-onset depression in patients with psoriasis in a nationwide Danish cohort including some 5 million people in the period 2001-2011. A total of 35,001 patients with mild psoriasis and 7,510 with severe psoriasis were identified. Incidence rates per 1,000 person-years and incidence rate ratios (IRRs) were calculated. Incidence rates for depression were 20.0 (95% confidence interval 19.9-20.0), 23.9 (23.1-24.7) and 31.6 (29.5-33.8) for the reference population, mild, and severe psoriasis, respectively. Adjusted for age, sex, and inclusion year, IRRs were 1.08 (1.04-1.12) in mild and 1.36 (1.27-1.46) in severe psoriasis. After adjustment for comorbidity, the IRR was significant in only patients <50 years with severe psoriasis (IRR 1.23 (1.03-1.46)). In conclusion, the risk of new-onset depression in psoriasis is mediated primarily by comorbidities, except in younger individuals with severe psoriasis, in whom psoriasis itself may be a risk factor.

Nickel allergy is common in both children and adults, and sensitized individuals may develop allergic contact dermatitis after repetitive or prolonged skin contact with metallic items releasing nickel in excessive amounts, for example jewellery, belt buckles, buttons, and work tools (1). However, the prevalence of nickel allergy has decreased significantly since the EU restricted nickel release from selected consumer products (2, 3). Although children have an overall lower prevalence of nickel allergy than adults, it is still disturbingly high (4). The reasons remain unclear, but studies have suggested that children are sensitized at an early age, and, interestingly, a recent survey found that 34.4% of 212 children’s toys purchased in Denmark and the United States with exposed metal components released nickel when screened with the dimethylglyoxime (DMG) test (5–7). Importantly, cases of allergic contact dermatitis in children resulting from toy exposure have been reported, making this a relevant source of nickel allergy and dermatitis (6–8). Here, we examined whether short skin contact with three DMG test-positive children’s toys from the recent survey resulted in nickel deposition on the skin (5).

Contact DermatitisVolume 74, Issue 1 p. 52-53 Contact Points Occupational allergic contact dermatitis following exposure to the Central American hardwood cocobolo Peter Jensen, Corresponding Author Peter Jensen Department of Dermato-Allergology, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, DK-2900 Hellerup, DenmarkCorrespondence: Peter Jensen, Department of Dermato-Allergology, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Kildegårdsvej 28, DK-2900 Hellerup, Denmark. Tel: +45 3867 4152. E-mail: peter.jensen@regionh.dkSearch for more papers by this authorEva Benfeldt, Eva Benfeldt Department of Dermatology, Roskilde Hospital, DK-4000 Roskilde, DenmarkSearch for more papers by this authorTorkil Menné, Torkil Menné Department of Dermato-Allergology, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, DK-2900 Hellerup, DenmarkSearch for more papers by this authorJacob P. Thyssen, Jacob P. Thyssen Department of Dermato-Allergology, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, DK-2900 Hellerup, DenmarkSearch for more papers by this author Peter Jensen, Corresponding Author Peter Jensen Department of Dermato-Allergology, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, DK-2900 Hellerup, DenmarkCorrespondence: Peter Jensen, Department of Dermato-Allergology, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Kildegårdsvej 28, DK-2900 Hellerup, Denmark. Tel: +45 3867 4152. E-mail: peter.jensen@regionh.dkSearch for more papers by this authorEva Benfeldt, Eva Benfeldt Department of Dermatology, Roskilde Hospital, DK-4000 Roskilde, DenmarkSearch for more papers by this authorTorkil Menné, Torkil Menné Department of Dermato-Allergology, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, DK-2900 Hellerup, DenmarkSearch for more papers by this authorJacob P. Thyssen, Jacob P. Thyssen Department of Dermato-Allergology, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, DK-2900 Hellerup, DenmarkSearch for more papers by this author First published: 07 August 2015 https://doi.org/10.1111/cod.12460Citations: 3 Conflicts of interest: The authors declare no conflict of interests. Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article.Citing Literature Volume74, Issue1January 2016Pages 52-53 RelatedInformation

BACKGROUND:Nickel is the most common allergen detected by patch testing in children. There is an increasing number of cases in children who have not had exposure to piercing. Although the clinical relevance of nickel patch test reactions in children is sometimes uncertain, continued vigilance to identify new sources of nickel exposure in this age group is important. Recent case reports have described allergic nickel contact dermatitis in children following exposure to toys, but the magnitude of this problem is unknown.OBJECTIVE:The aim of this study was to evaluate nickel and cobalt release from children's toys.METHODS:We purchased 212 toys in 18 different retail and online stores in the United States and Denmark. Nickel and cobalt release was tested using the dimethylglyoxime and cobalt screening spot tests.RESULTS:A total of 73 toys (34.4%) released nickel, and none released cobalt.CONCLUSIONS:Toys are a commonly overlooked source of nickel exposure and sensitization. Therefore, dermatologists, allergists, and pediatricians should consider the role of toys in their evaluation of children with dermatitis, and the parents of children with positive nickel patch test reactions should be told that toys may release nickel and be a potential chemical source in the manifestation of allergic contact dermatitis.

Psoriasis is associated with obesity and other cardiovascular risk factors including endothelial dysfunction. We aimed to investigate the effects of weight loss on the cardiovascular risk profile of obese patients with psoriasis. A randomised controlled study was conducted in which we measured the microvascular endothelial function with peripheral arterial tonometry (PAT), selected plasma markers of endothelial function, and traditional cardiovascular risk factors in 60 obese patients with psoriasis. The participants were randomised to either low-energy diet (n = 30) providing 800-1,000 kcal/day for 8 weeks followed by 8 weeks of reduced food intake reaching 1,200 kcal/day or normal healthy foods (n = 30) for 16 weeks. The intervention group lost significantly more weight than controls, which resulted in significant reductions of diastolic blood pressure, resting heart rate, total cholesterol, VLDL cholesterol, triglyceride, plasma glucose, glycated haemoglobin, and tissue plasminogen activator inhibitor. Microvascular endothelial function assessed by PAT remained unchanged. We conclude that certain components of the cardiovascular risk profile of obese patients with psoriasis can be significantly improved by weight reduction.

formation about the duration of psoriasis, current systemic anti- inflammatory treatment and psoriatic arthritis. We assessed the severity of psoriasis with the Psoriasis Area and severity Index (PAsI). Blood was drawn in the non-fasted state for analysis of glucose, urate, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-Cr P), glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides. To assess microvascular endothelial function, we measured the pulse wave amplitude before and during reactive hyperaemia by PAT using the Endo-PAT2000 © device (Itamar Medical ltd, Caesarea, Israel). We measured the reactive hyperaemia index (rHI), a measure of endothelial function, with Endo-PAT2000 © -