The chemistry, aroma, solubilities (hexane and 95% ethanol), and smoking quality of cured tobacco from three typical flue-cured varieties that produce glandular trichomes on the surface of the green leaf and an atypical aglandular breeding line were compared. The glandular tobaccos produced more characteristic tobacco aroma than the aglandular tobacco. More hexane-extractable solute was obtained from the aglandular tobacco than from the glandular flue-cured tobaccos, but more alcohol-extractable solute was obtained from the glandular types. A trained smoke panel gave higher scores to the aglandular tobacco than the three glandular varieties. Larger quantities of total volatiles were obtained from the aglandular tobacco. Solanone and oxysolanone identified from the glandular tobacco were absent in the aglandular breeding line. The aglandular tobacco was higher in total alkaloids and lower in reducing sugars than the glandular types.

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCapillary chromatography: evaluation of volatiles from flue-cured tobacco varietiesW. W. Weeks, J. F. Chaplin, and C. R. CampbellCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1989, 37, 4, 1038–1045Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf00088a049https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00088a049research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views129Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts

Cuticular components of green tobacco, Nicotiana tabacum L., leaves affect insect–plant relationships associated with host-plant resistance. Formation and composition of these chemicals was investigated using intact and reciprocally grafted tobacco plants. Reciprocal grafts were made between scions and rootstocks of ‘NC 2326,’ flue-cured tobacco, and two insect-resistant tobacco introductions, TI 165, and TI 1112. Field resistance to green peach aphids, Myzus persicae (Sulzer), tobacco budworms, Heliothis virescens (F.), and tobacco hornworms, Manduca sexta (L.), was retained by TI 1112 and TI 165 scions regardless of rootstock. Tobacco budworm larval survival and weight gain was highest on all NC 2326 scions. Budworm moths laid few eggs on ungrafted TI 1112, on TI 1112 scions grafted on NC 2326, or on TI 1112 grafted on its own rootstock. Levels of cuticular chemical components were similar among like scions. Thus, rootstock type apparently does not affect production of cuticular components nor insect resistance in TI 1112 and TI 165.

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTGrowing selenium-enriched tobaccoOrestes T. Chortyk, James F. Chaplin, and William S. SchlotzhauerCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1984, 32, 1, 64–68Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf00121a017https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00121a017research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views71Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTQuantitation of the major cuticular components from green leaf of different tobacco typesRay F. Severson, Richard F. Arrendale, Orestes T. Chortyk, Albert W. Johnson, D. Michael Jackson, G. Richard Gwynn, James F. Chaplin, and Michael G. StephensonCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1984, 32, 3, 566–570Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1984https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00123a037RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views520Altmetric-Citations82LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (620 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts

Crop ScienceVolume 24, Issue 4 cropsci1984.0011183X002400040063x p. 830-831 Registration of Germplasms Registration of BEL 921 Brown Spot Resistant Flue-Cured Tobacco Germplasm J. R. Stavely, J. R. Stavely Research plant pathologist Tobacco Lab., PGGI now Plant Pathology Laboratory, PPI, USDA-ARS, Beltsville Agric. Res. Ctr., Beltsville, MD, 20705Search for more papers by this authorJ. F. Chaplin, J. F. Chaplin research agronomist Oxford Tobacco Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, Oxford, N.C.Search for more papers by this authorG. R. Gwynn, G. R. Gwynn research agronomist Oxford Tobacco Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, Oxford, N.C.Search for more papers by this author J. R. Stavely, J. R. Stavely Research plant pathologist Tobacco Lab., PGGI now Plant Pathology Laboratory, PPI, USDA-ARS, Beltsville Agric. Res. Ctr., Beltsville, MD, 20705Search for more papers by this authorJ. F. Chaplin, J. F. Chaplin research agronomist Oxford Tobacco Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, Oxford, N.C.Search for more papers by this authorG. R. Gwynn, G. R. Gwynn research agronomist Oxford Tobacco Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, Oxford, N.C.Search for more papers by this author First published: 01 July 1984 https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci1984.0011183X002400040063xCitations: 3AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article.Citing Literature Volume24, Issue4July–August 1984Pages 830-831 RelatedInformation

Journal Article Ovipositional Response of Tobacco Budworm Moths (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to Cuticular Chemical Isolates from Green Tobacco Leaves Get access D. Michael Jackson, D. Michael Jackson 2 Tobacco Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Oxford, North Carolina 27565 2 Tobacco Res. Lab., ARS, USDA, Oxford, NC 27565. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar R. F. Severson, R. F. Severson 3 Tobacco Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Oxford, North Carolina 27565 3 Tobacco Safety Res. Unit, ARS, USDA, Athens, GA 30604. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar A. W. Johnson, A. W. Johnson 4 Tobacco Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Oxford, North Carolina 27565 4 Pee Dee Research and Education Center, Clemson Univ., Florence, SC 29503. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar J. F. Chaplin, J. F. Chaplin 2 Tobacco Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Oxford, North Carolina 27565 2 Tobacco Res. Lab., ARS, USDA, Oxford, NC 27565. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar M. G. Stephenson M. G. Stephenson 5 Tobacco Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Oxford, North Carolina 27565 5 Crops Res. Unit, ARS, USDA, Tifton, GA 31794. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Environmental Entomology, Volume 13, Issue 4, 1 August 1984, Pages 1023–1030, https://doi.org/10.1093/ee/13.4.1023 Published: 01 August 1984 Article history Received: 17 January 1984 Accepted: 10 April 1984 Published: 01 August 1984

Crop ScienceVolume 24, Issue 6 cropsci1984.0011183X002400060067x p. 1220-1220 Registration of Germplasms Registration of LMAFC 34 Tobacco Germplasm James F. Chaplin, James F. ChaplinSearch for more papers by this authorL. G. Burk, L. G. BurkSearch for more papers by this author James F. Chaplin, James F. ChaplinSearch for more papers by this authorL. G. Burk, L. G. BurkSearch for more papers by this author First published: 01 November 1984 https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci1984.0011183X002400060067xCitations: 11AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL No abstract is available for this article.Citing Literature Volume24, Issue6November–December 1984Pages 1220-1220 RelatedInformation

Abstract The HLC deproteinized product [depro] with 34 % of its original dry weight removed as heat precipitable protein fractions, shows a reduction in the levels of most of the cured product constituents and the major pyrolyzate constituents while the levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and volatile nitrosamines in the pyrolyzates from the HLC deproteinized product were increased. This indicates that the precursors of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the pyrolyzate from the HLC deproteinized product were not removed with the protein precipitates. Another possibility is that some constituents in the protein precipitates that were removed from the HLC deproteinized product may have had an inhibitory effect toward the formation of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the pyrolyzates of the HLC control and flue-cured reference during their pyrolysis, since the protein precipitates were not removed from these products. Generally, the levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from the pyrolyzates of the HLC products were higher than those from the pyrolyzates of the flue-cured reference. This could be a result of the tobacco maturity or curing methods. The level of the volatile nitrosamines in the pyrolyzates of the HLC control was lower than those levels in the pyrolyzates of the HLC deproteinized and flue-cured reference products. This could be due to pyrolytic interaction between some constituents in the sample and the protein precipitate which was not removed from the HLC control product. Additional work is needed to clarify these differences. A reduction in the level of solanesol was evident in the HLC deproteinized product probably due to the association of solanesol with the chloroplastic protein precipitate that was removed from that product. In addition, the level of solanesol was highest in the flue-cured reference, which is in agreement with previous reports that solanesol concentration increases with tobacco maturity. This report demonstrates that HLC can be used to manipulate the chemical composition of tobacco. The levels of some major constituents were decreased while the levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were increased in the pyrolyzate from the same tobacco product.

Total alkaloids (predominately nicotine) are important constitutents in flue-cured tobacco ( Nicotiana tabacum L .). Due to varying nicotine levels in cigarettes, it is of interest to see what effect varying alkaloid levels in tobacco have on certain agronomic and chemical characteristics of the cured leaf. Experiments were conducted at two locations to develop lines of flue-cured tobacco with different levels of total alkaloids and to evaluate these lines for agronomic, chemical, and smoke characteristics. Three flue-cured cultivars with different total alkaloid levels were chosen as recurrent parents. The parents and alkaloid levels were: 'Coker 139' (1.88%), 'NC 95' (3.28%), and 'SC 58' (4.51%). Each cultivar was crossed with a low alkaloid line (0.20%). After the initial cross, backcrosses were made in each F 2 population between a low alkaloid plant and its respective recurrent parent. BC 5 F 7 generation plants with different levels of total alkaloids were selected and advanced to the BC 5 F 7 to obtain stable lines. Also dihaploids were developed from BC 5 F 7 plants and lines with different levels of total alkaloids were selected. Both the BC 5 F 7 and dihaploid populations were evaluated. Based on these tests the line with the highest yield and grade index at each alkaloid level was further evaluated for total alkaloids, reducing sugars, yield, grade index, days to flower, plant height, and number of leaves per plant. Lines with the following levels of total alkaloids were evaluated: NC 95 family - 0.34, 1.08, 2.05, 3.11, and 3.55%; SC 58 family - 0.38, 1.59, 1.90, 2.82, 4.18, and 4.82%; and the Coker 139 family - 0.20, 0.93,1.66,1.84, and 2.17%. The 1.08% line in the NC 95 and 1.59% line in the SC 58 families were dihaploids. None of the lines converted appreciable amounts of nicotine to nornicotine. Therefore, the total alkaloid levels reflected predominantly nicotine. In most families the high alkaloid lines gave the highest grade index. Days to flower, plant height, and number of leaves per plant were not associated with total alkaloid levels in cured leaf. Cigarette smoke from the different tobacco lines was evaluated by two smoke panels. The results from Panel A indicated that it was difficult to associate any of the taste parameters with levels of total alkaloids in the leaf. The results from Panel B indicated that an increase in total alkaloids in the leaf was accompanied by an increase in flavor of the smoke.

AbstractLeaves from 8 stalk positions from four Burley tobaccos, the cultivars Burley 21, Ky 14 and Ky 12 and one breeding line of low-alkaloid Burley 21 (LA Burley 21), were tested in this study. A total of 116 variables, including leaf and smoke characteristics, were determined by collaborating scientists using established methods. Simple correlations and multiple regressions among selected variables were determined to examine the relationship among these variables. Generally, Burley tobaccos do not differ from bright tobaccos, in that the nitrogenous fractions and combustibility appear to be the major factors affecting nicotine and dry TPM (total particulate matter) delivery as well as other major smoke constituents. Stalk position and varieties also demonstrated significant differences in nicotine and dry TPM delivery. Benzo[a]pyrene content, however, did not show significant differences among these experimental Burley tobaccos or stalk positions.

AbstractInvestigations of close‐grown tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) with plant populations below 136,400/ha have shown that yield is increased with increased plant number. Marked differences in the appearance of stalk grown over a range of plant populations suggest that there may be physical or chemical advantages for growing close‐grown tobacco at even higher populations. With the development of direct field seeding or completely mechanized transplanting techniques, production at such levels may be economically feasible.The present study was conducted to determine the yield, alkaloid, and sugar concentrations of close‐grown tobacco produced at populations ranging from 98,840 to 296,520/ha.‘Speight G‐28’ was grown in a close‐grown system in 1976 and 1977 at the Oxford Tobacco Research Station on a Helena loamy sand (clayey mixed, thermic, Aquic Hapludult). Treatments included factorial combinations of plant population (98,840, 148,260, 197,680, 296,52Oha), topping height (12, 16, and 20 leaves/plant), and N‐rate (168, 252, 336 kg/ha). Plants were harvested once‐over and yield, total alkaloids, and reducing sugars were determined for lamina, midrib, and stalk.Whole‐plant yields increased with increased plant population, Nrate, and/or topping height but yields of individual plant parts responded differently. Midrib yield did not change with any of the treatments but lamina increased with increased population and topping height through 16 leaves. Stalk followed the same yield pattern as whole‐plant material and increased at a greater rate than lamina. Total alkaloids increased with higher N‐rate and lower topping height but decreased with increased population. Reducing sugars did not change with increased population or topping height but decreased with increased N.Effects of plant population and topping height are more predictable than that of N‐rate which is greatly influenced by seasonal growing conditions. A maximum leaf canopy apparently exists for a given planting design and density. Increased plant number above this level results mostly in increased stalk yield. Production at high populations will therefore depend on the acceptability of significant amounts of stalk in the smoking material.

Crop ScienceVolume 21, Issue 5 cropsci1981.0011183X002100050054x p. 802-802 Registration of Germplasm Registration of I-35 Tobacco Germplasm1 (Reg. No. GP19) J. D. Miles, J. D. Miles Research agronomist (retired). AR-SEA-USDA. Tifton, GA 31791.Search for more papers by this authorJ. F. Chaplin, J. F. ChaplinSearch for more papers by this authorL. G. Burk, L. G. BurkSearch for more papers by this authorA. H. Baumhover, A. H. Baumhover Research agronomist, research geneticist (retired) and research entomologist respectively, Tobacco Research Laboratory, AR-SEA-USDA, Oxford, NC 27565.Search for more papers by this author J. D. Miles, J. D. Miles Research agronomist (retired). AR-SEA-USDA. Tifton, GA 31791.Search for more papers by this authorJ. F. Chaplin, J. F. ChaplinSearch for more papers by this authorL. G. Burk, L. G. BurkSearch for more papers by this authorA. H. Baumhover, A. H. Baumhover Research agronomist, research geneticist (retired) and research entomologist respectively, Tobacco Research Laboratory, AR-SEA-USDA, Oxford, NC 27565.Search for more papers by this author First published: 01 September 1981 https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci1981.0011183X002100050054xCitations: 5 1 Registered by the Crop Sci. Soc. of Am. Cooperative investigations of the Oxford Tobacco Research Laboratory, AR-SEA-USDA, Georgia Coastal Plains Exp. Sin. and the Dep. of Crop Science, Genetics and Entomology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27650. AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL No abstract is available for this article.Citing Literature Volume21, Issue5September–October 1981Pages 802-802 RelatedInformation

A rapid glass capillary gas chromatographic (GC) method for the analysis of the nicotine alkaloids of tobacco, including nicotine, nornicotine, myosmine, anabasine, anatabine and 2,3′-dipyridyl, was developed. The use of glass capillary GC methodology, coupled with nitrogen-specific detection, provided rapid, unambiguous alkaloid analysis. About 25 mg of cured tobacco and 1 ml of 0.05 M methanolic potassium hydroxide (containing the internal standard, 2,4′-dipyridyl) were placed in a standard 2-ml autosampler vial, and the vial was capped and placed in an ultrasonic bath for 15 min. A 1-μl volume was analyzed by glass capillary GC operating in the split-injection mode on a wall-coated Superox™-4 column. This simple procedure is compared with the previously reported Soxhlet extraction-packed column GC method and the Griffith still-colorimetric method. The application of the method for the analysis of alkaloids in various cured and green, budworm-resistant, tobaccos is discussed.