A comprehensive understanding of hydrogeochemical characteristics, controlling mechanisms and quality status of mine water is critical for its safe utilization in arid mining areas. In this study, 26 mine water samples from underground dewatering boreholes and 2 surface water samples were collected in July 2024 from the Jinjie Coal Mine, Yushen Coalfield, Northwest China. Descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, Piper diagram, Gibbs diagram, Chadha plot and ion ratio methods were integrated to investigate hydrochemical characteristics, water-rock interactions and water quality suitability. The findings indicated that the pH varied from 8.07 to 8.49, with a mean of 8.29, and the electrical conductivity (EC) ranged from 279.00 µS/cm to 352.00 µS/cm, with an average of 316.85 µS/cm. In addition, the total hardness (TH) was in the range of 115.78-160.53 mg/L, and the total dissolved solids (TDS) was between 220.54 mg/L and 292.61 mg/L. The anion concentration was determined as follows: HCO3−> SO42−> Cl− while the cation content was ranked as Ca2+> Na++K+> Mg2+. The main hydrochemical type was HCO3-Ca. The dissolution of silicate and carbonate minerals, and the cation exchange process were the main processes regulating the hydrochemistry of the mine water. It was suitable for agricultural irrigation but not for human consumption due to its high NO3− concentration (which ranged from 7.47 to 15.86 mg/L, with a mean of 12.32 mg/L, and was greater than 10 mg/L according to the Chinese groundwater standard (GB/T 14848–2017)). The findings are significant for the better management and more effective utilization of mine water in China and in other arid and semi-arid mining areas worldwide.

The year 2026 marks the beginning of China’s “15th Five-Year Plan” period. Building on past achievements and advancing coal mine water disaster prevention and control work is a critical task for achieving high-quality development in the coal industry. Based on the statistical analysis of typical water disasters in coal mines of China during the “14th Five-Year Plan” period, our research focuses on reviewing the major technological advancements made in water inflow prediction, water disaster exploration, and control. It also provides in-depth reflection and outlook on the future technological development directions. This work highlights the following key advancements during the “14th Five-Year Plan” period: ① Development of dynamic prediction methods for water inflow in mining faces; ② Valuable experiences and practices have been gained in the precise prevention and control of high-position separated layer water hazards; ③ The technologies and methods for active water reduction at the source are showing a diverse development trend; ④ The geophysical exploration technology within and between boreholes, as well as the seismic detection technology for mining/excavation, are showing a burgeoning development momentum; ⑤ Increasing integration of transparent geology into water disaster prevention, revolutionizing concepts and evaluation methods; ⑥ The concept of water disaster prevention and control management has been continuously improved, and the requirements for water disaster prevention and control work in coal mines from technical management and government regulatory have become more specific and comprehensive. Based on the summarizing six new advancements in water disaster prevention technologies, this study identifies the main current challenges and issues in coal mine water disaster prevention. Starting from the technical needs for water disaster prevention during the 15th Five-Year Plan period, it proposes considerations and suggestions in four technical directions: mine water source protection, intelligent prevention and control of water disasters, collaborative prevention and control of composite disasters, and the establishment of a technical standard system for water disaster management.

Mining activities affect the metal concentrations in mine water (MW). However, mechanism of metals enrichment in MW under mining activities is not well understood. This study investigates the relationships between Fe, Mn, and Zn concentrations in MW and its recharge sources, and the geochemical composition of surrounding rock and coal. Water-coal/rock interaction experiments were conducted to study the mechanisms of metal dissolution, considering both the metal occurrence forms and types of dissolved organic matter (DOM). Results indicate that coal mining significantly disturbs the original geological structure and environment, facilitating groundwater flow from Aquifer III into mining areas. Prolonged interaction between groundwater and fractured coal/rock significantly enhanced Fe, Mn, and Zn leaching. Fe and Zn were elevated 9.88-fold and 3.44-fold, respectively, compared to Aquifer III (0.93 and 1.08 mg/L), while Mn changed slightly compared with Aquifer III (0.17 mg/L). Fe exhibited the highest leachability, primarily originating from exchangeable and carbonate bounded forms during water-coal/rock interaction. Concurrently, DOM dissolution from coal released humic acids, promoting desorption of metals. Metal release during water-coal interaction follows a peak function (R-2 > 0.83). While metal release during water-rock interaction fits with an exponential function (R-2 > 0.94). Although metal release patterns differ between water-coal and water-rock interaction, both processes collectively govern metal concentration in MW. This study demonstrates metal occurrence forms and DOM participation influence metal enrichment in MW during water-coal/rock interaction following coal mining disturbance.

To explore the hydrochemical characteristics and main formation mechanisms of groundwater in Shenmu County, Yulin City, Northwest China, 28 groundwater samples were collected to analyze by mathematical statistics, Piper trilinear diagrams, Gibbs diagrams, and ion correlation analysis. The analysis results indicated that the groundwater was slightly alkaline. The TDS and TH concentration varied between 182.00mg/L and 980.00mg/L, and from 114.00mg/L to 698.00mg/L, respectively. The anionic concentration in the groundwater followed the order of HCO₃⁻ > SO₄²⁻ > Cl⁻ > NO₃⁻, and the cationic content was ranked as Ca²⁺ > Na⁺ > Mg²⁺ > K⁺. The main hydrochemical type can be determined as HCO₃-Ca·Mg. The hydrochemical properties of groundwater were mainly influenced by the combined effects of rock weathering, cation exchange, and human activities. 29% of the total samples belong to Class IV water. All these samples had nitrate (NO₃⁻) concentrations exceeding 30mg/L, indicating that the groundwater in the corresponding areas no longer met the domestic drinking standards. In response to potential pollution issues arising from industrial, mining, and agricultural activities, the study proposed rational measures covering source control, process monitoring and early warning, and pollution treatment, which provided a strong basis for local groundwater management.

This paper takes Taigemiao Mining Area in the middle and upper reaches of the Yellow River Basin as the research object, analyzes the relationship between the spatial structure of water-bearing（ｉｓｏｌａｔｅｄ） layer and the development height of water flowing fractured zone, excavates the main control factors affecting the water loss of aquifer in the study area, and introduces the effective thickness index of residual bedrock to construct the water loss risk evaluation system of shallow Cretaceous aquifer. Based on the analytic hierarchy process-entropy weight comprehensive discrimination method, the weight of each main control factor is calculated, and the quantitative evaluation model of the disturbance of deep coal seam mining to shallow aquifer is established. By overlaying the control factor diagrams with different weights, the zoning map of water loss risk in deep coal seam mining is obtained. The zoning results are verified by the measured water inflow of surrounding mines. The results show that the aquifer thickness, water pressure, unit water inflow, and the thickness of residual water-resisting protective layer under the influence of mining are the main controlling factors for the water loss of aquifer in the main coal seam. The northwest and northeast corners of the mining area have good water abundance, and the thickness of residual water-resisting bedrock is thin, resulting in a certain water loss risk in the region. The research results are basically consistent with the actual situation in the field.

Abstract In order to understand the evolution law of groundwater quality during the artificial recharge process with mine water, the effluent from the mine water treatment plant of the Mindong No. 1 Mine was selected to artificially recharge the Quaternary aquifer of the study area. In this experiment, the spatial evolution of the groundwater quality of some wells around the recharge well was monitored during the artificial recharge process with reclaimed mine water. The factor analysis method was used to reveal the evolution law of groundwater quality during the recharge process. Although the reclaimed mine water met the standards for artificial recharge, the results showed that pH value as well as Cl−, TDS, NO3−, and F− concentrations in the reclaimed water were higher than those observed in the Quaternary aquifer, presenting a potential risk to groundwater quality. On the other hand, four organic components were identified in the groundwater after the artificial recharge, including fulvic-like acids (Ex/Em = 280/440, Ex/Em = 250/440) as the main component. Indeed, most of these components were caused by terrestrial origin and soil migration. In addition, the reclaimed mine water contained protein-like tryptophan (Ex/Em = 300/340), which was mainly derived from the discharge of point sources. The total fluorescence intensity of organic pollutants in the different wells tended to be uniform with the recharge time. However, if external pollution is introduced, it may significantly affect the types of organic pollutants and diffuse rapidly within 24 hours. Therefore, it is necessary to control effectively the concentration of trace organic matter in the influent water to ensure the safety of the artificial recharge with mine water.

In mining areas, groundwater resources are crucial for providing drinking water, as well as water needed for plant growth and mining. The Yuhengbei mining area is situated in arid and semi-arid areas in Western China. As there are a number of large-scale mining fields in the area, their exploitation may affect both the quality and quantity of groundwater. The hydraulic connection between aquifers directly determines whether deep coal mining activities affect water quality in shallow aquifers. This study investigates the hydrogeochemical characteristics and the solute sources of groundwater (including surface water, Quaternary water, water from Cretaceous and Jurassic coal strata aquifer) in the Yuhengbei mining area. The study uses conventional, multivariate statistical analysis, and dissolved organic matter (DOM) analysis. The results suggest that all water samples were slightly alkaline, while the water from the shallow aquifers (surface water, Quaternary and Cretaceous aquifers) was predominantly of the HCO3-Ca type. Furthermore, the groundwater in the deep Jurassic aquifer was mostly of the SO4-Na type. Major ion and DOM concentrations appeared to decrease with increasing aquifer depth. Moreover, the groundwater circulation is regulated by natural processes. Namely, rock weathering was the main mechanism controlling the chemical constituents of groundwater in the shallow aquifers, while groundwater quality in deep aquifers was mainly governed by the dissolution of evaporation. Water–rock interaction and cation exchange were the main mechanisms controlling the chemical constituents of groundwater. The R-mode HCA revealed that natural processes controlled the chemical composition of groundwater, as well as that the evolution of groundwater is primarily controlled by the nature of the geological structures and the local hydrogeological conditions. The TOC and UV254 results suggest that the coal strata aquifer had a weak hydraulic connection with the overlying aquifers. The DOM was mainly derived from autogenous biological sources. Based on the indicator values, the hydraulic connection between the deep aquifers and the upper shallow aquifers was weak overall. These results show that in this area, although drinking water and irrigation water come predominantly from shallow groundwater, mining activities temporarily have little impact on the quality of shallow groundwater. Better understanding hydrogeochemical characteristics and formation mechanisms will provide a technical basis for local groundwater management and support the sustainable use of water resources.

In order to solve the problem of seasonal pit water surplus and water shortage in Baorixile Open-pit Mine and realize the reasonable storage and utilization of water resources in the mine area, based on the study of geological, hydrogeological and structural conditions of the mine area, the water quality characteristics of the mine and the treatment of typical pollution components were studied. The results show that Baorixile Mining Area was located in the complete Chenqi Coalfield hydrogeological unit, it was a wavy high plain landform, and the Quaternary floor was higher than the regional groundwater level, which belongs to the permeable and non-water bearing stratum; the hydraulic connection between the aquifers of the Cretaceous Damoguaihe Formation was not obvious, and the coal seam was the main water bearing medium. Controlled by the geological structure and paleogeographic environment, the east, south and north sides of Baorixile Mining Area are water separation boundaries, and the west was recharge boundary, forming a relatively closed syncline water storage structure. The east side of the first mining area is an anticline axis, and a NNW normal fault (F15) is developed. Due to the interlacing of aquifers, a natural dam with good water resisting performance (dam width > 200 m) is formed between the first mining area and the second mining area. The construction of underground reservoir in the west side of the first mining area can not only ensure the safety of dump and mining pit in the second mining area, but also realize the effective water storage in the west side of the first mining area, and the water storage capacity can be increased 119.0 × 104 m3. There is a great seasonal difference in water use in the mining area. The surplus of mine water in winter and spring is 72×104 to 81×104 m3. The turbidity of Baorixile Mine water can be reduced to the limit of water quality standard by coagulation and precipitation pretreatment and surface soil strengthening treatment, which can realize the quantity and quality safety of underground storage of mine water. The effective protection and sustainable utilization of mine water in Baorixile Mining Area are realized by determining safe underground water storage location and developing scientific and reasonable pretreatment process.

榆神矿区地处干旱半干旱地区,生态环境十分脆弱.疏放水是榆神矿区顶板水害防治的主要手段,但过度疏放不仅增加矿井排水负担,而且不利于保护浅层地下水资源.因此,在确保防治水安全的前提下,计算预疏放残余水头、确定预疏放阶段和回采阶段第四系松散含水层漏失量,从而实现总漏失量最小是煤炭减水开采中的重点研究问题之一.以榆神矿区锦界煤矿为例,在分析井田含、隔水层赋存特征的基础上,建立了煤层开采的2种充水模式,并对顶板含水层进行了富水性分区;以矿井涌水量实测数据为基础,分析了涌水量变化规律及其构成比例;采用Drain边界刻画多工作面连续回采内边界,建立了锦界煤矿采掘扰动条件下地下水流数值模型,研究了两种充水模式下预疏放残余水头在不同工况下的第四系松散含水层总漏失量变化规律,确定了工作面预疏放结束标准.结果 表明:锦界煤矿煤层顶板为典型的沙(层)-土(层)-基(岩)型结构,主要充水水源为风化基岩水,主要充水模式为土层未缺失风化基岩充水型及土层缺失风化基岩和松散层混合充水型.采用GIS多元信息融合技术划分的井田富水性分区结果显示,相对强富水区位于井田二盘区局部地段、三盘区和四盘区大部分地段,与现场实际基本一致.矿井疏放水量与工作面回采残余涌水量曲线变化趋势基本一致,各占矿井涌水量的50％左右.通过数值模型计算得出两种充水模式下工作面预疏放结束标准为将充水含水层疏放至煤层底板以上15 ～20 m,保留一定的残余水头可进行回采,无需继续疏放.此时,第四系松散含水层水资源总漏失量最小,可起到减水采煤的作用.研究成果为榆神矿区浅埋煤层提供了“减水开采”的新思路.

疏水降压是煤矿顶板水害防治的主要工程手段,复合充水含水层中倾斜疏放水钻孔涌水量计算及参数优化是需要解决的关键技术.以"渗流-管流耦合模型"理论及能量守恒定律为基础,以含水层-钻孔间水量交换量为耦合点,构建了煤层顶板复合充水含水层倾斜疏放水钻孔定降深放水的含水层-钻孔系统耦合模型,利用母杜柴登矿井临时煤仓放水试验数据验证了模型的可靠性.以此为基础,计算了不同钻孔仰角、数量的钻孔涌水量及单位长度涌水量,确定了钻孔的最佳仰角和数量.同时,计算分析了150 m钻场间距下600 m工作面范围内不同疏降水头的钻孔涌水量、工作面内部降深的特征.结果 表明:基于含水层-钻孔水量交换的疏放水钻孔水量计算模型充分考虑了疏放水过程中钻孔内的层流和紊流水流特征.模型计算的1个主放水孔水量和2个观测孔水位历时变化和现场实际情况基本一致,模型可靠性好,且能解决倾斜钻孔在复合充水含水层中的水量分配问题.随着疏放水钻孔仰角的增大,单位长度的钻孔涌水量呈现先增加后减小的趋势,在仰角为60°时,钻孔单位涌水量最大,稳定水量为165 m3/h,主要涌水层位为直罗组一段含水层,约占总涌水量的81％.此外,随着钻孔数量增加,单个钻场内钻孔总涌水量不断增加,单位长度的钻孔涌水量呈现逐步减小的趋势,钻孔数量增至5个后总涌水量基本稳定,钻孔稳定总涌水量约为440 m3/h.在150 m钻场间距下600 m工作面范围中,60 d内,780 m定水头疏降时,钻孔总涌水量由1700 m3/h降至170 m3/h,降幅达90％;830和880 m定水头疏降下,钻孔总涌水量由1530,1350 m3/h分别降至153,135 m3/h,降幅均为90％.钻场内钻孔总涌水量受到周边钻场疏降干扰的影响,由两端向内侧影响逐步增大.780 m定水头疏降时,两端钻孔总涌水量约为309 m3/h,最中间钻场钻孔总涌水量约为142 m3/h.工作面内部水头分别降至780,830和880 m的时间分别为155,125和100 d.随着时间推移,不同降深范围逐步增大.随着疏放时间的延续,横剖面呈现以倾斜钻孔为中心的降落漏斗且范围逐步扩大,平面上则呈现以全部钻场范围为中心的降落漏斗且范围逐渐增大.

矿井水深井回灌是矿井水"转移存储"处理的主要形式,根据鄂尔多斯盆地煤矿区地质和矿井水特征,从回灌目的层地下水与矿井水的匹配性、上下岩层的隔水性、回灌层的渗透性以及封闭性角度提出了矿井水回灌目的层选取依据.并以地下水达西定律和Dupuit理论为基础,建立极坐标系完整注水井稳定流数学模型,得出在稳定注水条件下,回灌量与注水层渗透系数、厚度、回灌压力、水位埋深以及回灌井直径正相关,与影响半径负相关,与回灌层埋深无关.提出了矿井水深层回灌水动力和溶质运移耦合仿真模型构建方法,并以矿井水回灌试验案例为分析对象,模拟得出矿井水回灌过程中含水层水压形成以注水井为中心的"高位水丘",且注水压力越大,回灌量增加较为明显,模型分析结果与现场试验结果基本一致.溶质运移范围形成以注水井为中心的"圆柱状"弥散形态,特征离子浓度沿回灌井两侧变化剧烈,回灌层特征离子浓度被迅速稀释,随着时间的延伸,弥散稀释范围增加相对较小,说明矿井水回灌对深部高浓度含水层地下水水化学影响程度不大,研究成果可为西部煤矿区矿井水高效回灌处理提供科学依据.

煤矿区地下水水化学特征及其形成作用对矿井突水水源识别及水害防治具有重要的意义.本文采集伊敏矿区水样21组,综合利用Piper三线图、同位素、Schoeller图、Gibbs图及离子比例关系分析了地下水化学特征及其控制因素.结果 表明,矿区不同类型水样主要阳离子为Na+,阴离子主要为HCO3-,平均pH值为7.92,TDS平均值为420.59 mg·L-1;大气降水、地表水、第四系水以及Ⅰ含水层水化学类型均为HCO3-Ca型,它们之间联系密切,Ⅱ含水层水化学类型为HCO3-Ca型和HCO3-Na型,Ⅲ含水层水与矿井水水化学类型为HCO3-Na型,且Ⅲ含水层水与矿井水δD和δ18O平均值最接近,矿井水主要来源于Ⅲ含水层补给;伊敏矿区地下水及矿井水主要离子形成作用受岩石风化控制,主要离子来源于钾长石、钠长石、钙长石等硅酸盐矿物的溶解,并受到Ca2+、Mg2+、K+、Na+阳离子交换作用的影响.

为了查清敏东一矿矿井水水质特征和地下储存过程中典型污染组分去除规律,设计了一种“地表处理+含水层储存”的实验装置,结合现场取样检测、污染组分分析、室内模拟实验等手段开展了相关研究,结果表明,敏东一矿井下矿井水中污染组分来源于天然地下水和煤炭生产,其中来自地下水的Fe,F,Mn等离子超标1.0～3.0倍;煤炭开采造成的污染包括COD、浊度、氨氮、总大肠菌群,分别超标69.67～192.33倍、24.16～55.17倍、0.52～1.10倍和4.33～7.67倍;石油类组分超标则表明矿井水中出现了一定程度的有机污染.混凝沉淀实验中,20.0 mg/L PAC条件下,浊度和COD分别降至13.60 NTU和4.73 mg/L;在常规处理(混凝沉淀)去除悬浮物和COD的基础上,采用“地表处理和含水层储存”的实验模拟工艺,利用地表包气带孔隙介质过滤、氧化反应等作用,使浊度＜1.0 NTU,TOC含量=1.097～1.128 mg/L,UV254=0.026～0.037 cm-1,NH4质量浓度0.1 mg/L,地表处理段出水已经满足当地地下水条件;含水层储存过程中,还原环境还可以进一步去除矿井水中有机组分,使TOC含量和UV254进一步降至0.48～0.54 mg/L和0.005～0.008 cm-1.另外,利用三维荧光光谱指纹可以进一步查清矿井水中有机组分种类和去除过程,实验源水中主要出现了Ⅲ区的多环芳烃类有机物(荧光强度(fluorescence intensity,FI)=4 147)和Ⅴ区的腐殖质类有机物(FI=3 140);地表处理后,Ⅲ区和Ⅴ区的FI分别降至2 033～3 140和2 201～2 760,结合UV254的变化特征可以看出,好氧阶段优先去除大分子/多环芳烃类有机物,再经过含水层储存,Ⅲ区的FI进一步降至1 496～1 779,Ⅴ区的FI则≤1 638.采用“地表处理+含水层储存”的矿井水处理储存模式,可以有效去除煤炭开采产生的污染组分,保障矿井水地下储存的水质安全.

低氧逸度和高岩浆水含量是中酸性岩浆内W元素富集成矿的关键因素.乔仑恩格次黑云母二长花岗斑岩体地处中亚造山带中段北山造山带.近几年,发现微弱的钨矿化,该地区是否具有钨矿的成矿潜力亟需进一步的分析研究.笔者对黑云母二长花岗斑岩中岩浆锆石开展年代学、矿物地球化学的研究,并搜集前人主微量元素的数据共同探讨岩浆结晶温度、氧逸度,最终厘定岩浆内W元素的成矿潜力.结果 显示,黑云母二长花岗斑岩体具有较高的Ce4+/Ce3+(均值为98.15)、C eN /CeN*(均值为111.55)、EuN/EuN*(均值为0.50)、Ce/Nd(均值为54.89)值,暗示岩体具有较高的氧逸度(lg (fO2)=-12.03;八FMQ+4.53).而黑云母二长花岗斑岩具无角闪石斑晶、低的Sr/Y值(18.31～38.05)和(La/Yb)N值(13.59～18.71)及明显Eu负异常(EuN/EuN*=0.74～0.86)特征,表明黑云母二长花岗斑岩体在岩浆结晶早期贫水(w(H2O)＜4％).以上分析显示黑云母二长花岗斑岩体具有高氧逸度、低含水量的特征,故认为乔仑恩格次黑云母二长花岗斑岩体不具有形成大规模钨矿床的潜力.

High concentrations of manganese (Mn) in drinking water may have negative effects on human health.This study attempted to better understand the extent of Mn contamination in groundwater by comparing the water quality index with the Chinese drinking water standard limit.In addition, variogram analysis was conducted and the spatial distribution of Mn was determined using Surfer 11 software, and the origin of the Mn in groundwater was discussed.Associated risks for human health for different age groups including infants, children, and adults were assessed using the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) model.The results showed that the maximum observed Mn concentration was 2.48 mg/L, and the minimum value was below 0.05 mg/L.76.3% of samples exceeded the Chinese limit (0.1 mg/L).In addition, the maximum value of the water quality index (I i ) was 24.8, indicating that the groundwater in the study area was seriously contaminated by Mn.High Mn concentration (>0.1 mg/L) was distributed in the alluvial plain of the Mo River, while areas with the highest Mn concentrations (>1 mg/L) were distributed in BaYanKuLun country and in hilly areas.The dissolution and leaching of the parent material, redox status, and human activities could raise the concentration of Mn in groundwater.The maximum hazard quotient (HQ) values were 0.770, 0.739, and 0.709 for infants, children, and adults, respectively, with greater HQ values for infants than children and adults due to their lower body weight.At present, groundwater was determined to be safe for humans to drink.However, areas with groundwater Mn concentrations above the Chinese drinking water standard limit (>0.1 mg/L) should be treated to ensure their safety.These findings will be helpful for local authorities when they are determining groundwater management plans and protection measures, as well as beneficial for groundwater protection and utilization in this area.These results can also provide a reference for relevant studies in other regions of the world.

煤矿开采外排矿井水可能对地表水系水质产生影响,为了研究榆神矿区地表水的水质状况,采集了秃尾河和榆溪河沿程的地表水样各5组,采用数理统计法分析了地表水的水化学特征;运用Piper三线图分析了地表水的水化学类型及其主要离子组成特征;采用Gibbs图和离子相关关系等方法探讨了地表水主要离子的来源及其影响因素.研究结果表明:榆神矿区秃尾河水的TDS为404.32～794.17 mg/L,平均为529.68 mg/L,榆溪河水的TDS为303.73～434.77 mg/L,平均为356.88 mg/L,均为弱碱性淡水.地表水阳离子均以Ca2+和Na+为主,秃尾河水的Ca2+和Na+平均质量浓度分别为63.33和46.63 mg/L,而榆溪河水的Ca2+和Na+平均质量浓度分别为61.08和16.44 mg/L;阴离子均以HCO-3为主,秃尾河和榆溪河水的HCO-3平均质量浓度分别为294.96和225.34 mg/L,地表水的水化学类型以HCO-3-Ca2+为主.秃尾河地表水各水化学参数呈现从上游到下游逐渐降低趋势,而榆溪河地表水各水化学参数呈现从上游到下游逐渐升高的趋势.根据地表水中各化学指标间的相互关系矩阵可知,TDS与K+、Na+、Mg2+、Cl-、SO2-4和HCO-3都存在显著的正相关关系,说明这些离子均对TDS有明显的贡献.HCO-3分别与K+、Na+、Ca2+存在显著的相关关系,说明这些离子可能来源于同一样物质,可能来源于含钠硅酸盐的溶解.地表水中主要离子主要来源于硅酸盐的岩石风化溶解以及阳离子交换作用,其中SO2-4、NO-3和Cl-的浓度局部较高,大部分浓度均较低,说明地表水局部地段受人类活动的轻微影响,但由于河流的径流、混合和稀释等作用,人类活动对地表水水质的影响有限.

Coal mining may affect the hydrochemical characteristics and evolution processes of groundwater, leading to a deterioration in groundwater quality. This study was conducted to understand the hydrochemical characteristics and determine the hydrochemical processes controlling the karst groundwater hydrogeochemistry in Carboniferous Taiyuan formation in the Pingdingshan coalfield, Henan Province, China. Statistical techniques and conventional methods were utilized to gain a comprehensive understanding of the hydrogeochemical processes of karst groundwater. Results showed that the groundwater was fresh water, and was slightly acidic-to-slightly alkaline. The main cations were Ca2+ and Na+, and the predominant anions were HCO3− and SO42−. Most of the groundwater was predominantly of the Ca–HCO3 type. Principal Component Analysis (PCA), ion correlation analysis, and conventional graphic methods (Piper and Gibbs diagrams) indicated that the dissolution of silicate, gypsum, and carbonate minerals controlled the formation of Na+, Mg2+, Ca2+, SO42−, and HCO3−. Meanwhile, cation exchange was another important process regulating karst groundwater quality. Moreover, the concentrations of SO42− and NO3− were high, suggesting that the karst groundwater in this study area had been affected by anthropogenic activities, such as agriculture and mining. To avoid water inrush and keep mines east of the study area safely operational, the Guodishan faults within the mining area should be grouted to cut off the connection between limestone aquifers in the east and west study areas. In addition, it is necessary to strengthen the scientific research on fertilizers that allow plants to absorb nitrogen rapidly and control the amount of fertilizer used to protect the groundwater from pollution. The results of this study are helpful for the prevention and control of water disasters, and are beneficial for groundwater resource protection in the Pingdingshan mining areas. They will also provide a reference for similar studies by other mining hydrogeologists across the world.

It is essential to assess mine water quality before this resource can be comprehensively utilized. The objective of this paper was to develop an integrated approach that can be applied for mine water quality assessment. An improved analytic hierarchy process (IAHP) method was used to calculate the weights of evaluation parameters, while fuzzy variable sets were used to determine the classification of mine water quality. Guojiawan mining area in Shaanxi Province, China, was chosen as the study area for this research and concentrations of total dissolved solids, chemical oxygen demand, chloride, sulfate, fluoride, and arsenic, as well as pH were utilized as water quality assessment factors. A total of 16 water samples, 13 samples from Guojiawan coal mine and three samples from Beiniuchuan River near the mine, were collected. The results show that four of these samples belonged to class III (roof water and river water) and encompass 25% of the total, and it can be used for domestic drinking, irrigation and industrial purposes, directly. While three belonged to class V and were derived from the auxiliary and main haulage roadways as well as the 51140 face cutting. They can be used for some industrial purpose after corresponding treatment. This latter group of samples accounted for 18.75% of the overall total, while the remaining nine were evaluated as class IV, encompassing 56.25% of the total, and they can be used for irrigation directly and domestic drinking after proper treatment.

我国东部呼伦贝尔草原地区是以露天开采为主的重要煤电基地,但是针对草原区露天煤矿开采对地下水系统影响及其水资源保护等问题研究较为不足.以呼伦贝尔草原宝日希勒露天矿区为研究对象,根据矿区煤炭资源开发与疏排水特征,将矿区露天矿开采历史划分为初期、剧增期与稳定期3个阶段.应用地下水系统数值仿真技术,系统分析了露天矿区疏排水对地下水系统的影响规律.结果显示:第1阶段(初期),由于宝日希勒露天煤矿首采区疏排水影响(疏排水强度2.3×104 m3/d),矿区范围内平均水位降深小于5 m;第2阶段(剧增期),宝日希勒露天矿西侧的东明露天矿相继开发,由于东明露天井田富水性好的松散含水层(渗透系数大于35 m/d)接受莫日格勒河地表水体补给充分,导致矿区疏排水强度增加至19.47×104 m3/d,矿区范围内平均水位降深大于10 m;第3阶段(稳定期),宝日希勒露天矿首采区闭坑后2采区相继开采,矿区疏排水量趋于稳定(14.93×104 m3/d),莫日格勒河地表水体渗漏补给松散层地下水强度约为11.02×104 m3/d,约占东明露天矿疏排水量的80％,平均水位降深大于15 m.最后,根据矿区水文地质条件、帷幕减渗条件下地下水流场以及露天矿剥离开采条件下含水层涌水特征,构建了受强富水强补给露天矿在帷幕墙减渗条件下地下水系统仿真模型,评价了帷幕墙构建对疏排水的影响程度,模拟得出帷幕墙长度为4 km的条件下,疏排水量减少至6.65×104 m3/d,降幅约为51.81％,总结提出帷幕墙阻水减渗方案是矿区针对强富水、强补给含水层地下水保护性开采与露天矿减少疏排水量的有效手段.

[目的]查清呼伦贝尔煤电基地的水资源质量.[方法]现场采集和收集了81件地下水(其中潜水42件,承压水39件)化学样品进行水质检测.通过描述性统计分析、溶解性总固体(TDS)的分布以及水化学类型的分析,进行研究区的地下水水化学特征研究;通过离子交换和岩石溶滤以及蒸发浓缩分析了其影响因素,最后根据熵权-密切值法评价了地下水的水质情况.[结果]研究区潜水和承压水均属于碱性水,平均硬度值分别为254.81 mg/L和208.22 mg/L,阳离子均以Na+、Ca2+为主,阴离子以HCO3-、Cl-为主;TDS均为高平原向平原及河谷区逐渐变低,且超过1000 mg/L的区域基本位于高平原上;潜水含水层的水化学类型主要为Ca?Na-HCO3以及Ca?Na?Mg-HCO3,承压含水层的水化学类型主要为Na-HCO3·Cl以及Na·Ca·Mg-HCO3.[结论]地下水中Na+是通过含水介质中的Na+与地下水中的Ca2+和Mg2+交换而得到,水化学特征主要受含钠和钙硅酸盐的溶滤作用影响,采矿活动对其影响基本可忽略,农田灌溉对地下水中NH4+和NO2-有一定的影响.潜水和承压水的水质普遍较差,在河谷区和平原区下地下水水质较好.相关研究成果旨在为呼伦贝尔煤电基地水资源规划和优化配置提供一定的参考价值.