对河南省鼎元种牛育种有限公司的西门塔尔、夏洛来、利木赞和安格斯4个品种不同年龄阶段种公牛超声波活体测定的背膘厚和眼肌面积进行方差分析和相关性检测.结果 表明:(1)4个品种随着年龄的增加背膘厚和眼肌面积均值均呈现递增趋势.品种间除安格斯牛和西门塔尔牛24月龄背膘厚、夏洛来牛和利木赞牛18月龄及24月龄眼肌面积三组数据差异显著外(P＜0.05),品种间不同年龄种公牛背膘厚和眼肌面积差异均不显著(P＞0.05).(2)年龄对各品种种公牛背膘厚和眼肌面积的影响差异各异.西门塔尔牛和夏洛来牛品种内各年龄阶段间背膘厚均差异不显著(P＞0.05).利木赞牛和安格斯牛品种内除12月龄与18月龄背膘厚均差异不显著(P＞0.05)外,品种内其它年龄阶段组合均达到极显著(P＜0.01)或者显著(P＜0.05)水平.利木赞牛和安格斯牛品种内各年龄阶段间眼肌面积均差异不显著(P＞0.05).西门塔尔牛和夏洛来牛眼肌面积除夏洛来牛的眼肌面积在18月龄和24月龄间差异不显著(P＞0.05)外,品种内其它各年龄阶段间眼肌面积差异均达到显著(P＜0.05)或者极显著(P＜0.01)水平.(3)年龄与种公牛背膘厚和眼肌面积极显著相关(P＜0.01),背膘厚与眼肌面积不显著相关(P＞0.05).

利用EXCEL函数中的IF函数实现对荷斯坦牛20个体型线性性状(包括体高、胸宽、体深、腰强度、尻角度、尻宽、蹄角度、蹄踵深度、骨质地、后肢侧视、后肢后视、乳房深度、中央悬韧带、前乳房附着、前乳头位置、前乳头长度、后乳房附着高度、后乳房附着宽度、后乳头位置和棱角性)鉴定原始数据快速、简便地转化为对应功能分.根据各性状权重,计算个体体躯容量、尻部、肢蹄、泌乳系统和乳用特征5个部位得分以及个体总分.利用荷斯坦牛体型性状功能分,对牛场牛只选种选配提供技术支持.

本研究对河南省鼎元种牛育种有限公司2012～2013年荷斯坦牛冷冻胚胎移植效果进行了统计分析.结果表明,不同牧场对冷冻胚胎移植妊娠率影响显著(P＜0.05),牧场E单个活犊需胚胎数最低(1.8枚/头),在1～6月份和11～12月份中,月份对冷冻胚胎移植效果影响不显著(P＞0.05).1～2月份进行胚胎移植时妊娠率最高(61.5％),单个活犊需胚胎数最低(2.0枚/头),3～4月份胚胎移植效果最差.移植部位对冷冻胚胎移植效果影响不显著(P＞0.05),但右侧移植效果略高于左侧.对13～23月龄受体牛进行移植,受体牛年龄对冷冻胚胎移植妊娠率、流产率和单个活犊需胚胎数影响差异不显著(P＞0.05),但13～18月龄受体牛的胚胎移植流产率高于19～23月龄.

采用西门塔尔种公牛改良地方品种黄牛在我国已取得了显著的成效,杂交黄牛不仅具有地方品种耐粗饲、抗病力强、肉质好等特点,而且具有西门塔尔牛生长迅速、胴体肉多、脂肪少且分布均匀的特点.近年来,张爱玲等[1]、周正奎等[2]、付雪峰等[3]、王志军等[4]分别对秦川母牛、鲁西黄牛成母牛、新疆褐牛种公牛、夏洛来公牛的体尺体重规律进行了研究.

This study analyzed the breeding performance of Holstein cows from four large-scale dairy farms in Henan.The effect of farms,first mated time in postpartum,birth order and seasons upon breeding performance with single factor analysis of variance and chi-square analysis were cnmpared,and the results showed that the average first calving age of Holstein was 26.2 months,calving interval was 438 days.Estrus conception rate was 45.2% abortion rate 3.4%,fetal death rate 10.5%.The first calving age,calving interval,estrus conception rate,abortion rate and fetal death rate were different in different farms.Estrus conception rate was the highest when the first-time mate happened 51~60days after giving birth(85.7%),and was the lowest at 161~170days after giving birth(30.7%).Birth order had no significant effect on abortion rate and fatal death(P0.05).With the increase of birth order,calving interval reduced gradually and was minimum in fifth birth order(381.4day per birth order).Calving interval in fifth birth order had no significant effect compared with calving interval between 5~6birth order(P0.05),but had extremely significant effect compared with calving interval between other birth order(P0.01)The estrus conception rate of Holstein cow was the lowest(29.9%)and fetal death rate was the highest(14.3%)in autumn.The estrus conception rate of Holstein cow was the highest(52.8%)and fetal death rate was the lowest(2.6%)in spring.

研究按季节和品种对种公牛采精记录进行方差分析,分别比较了季节对夏洛来、西门塔尔、利木赞、红安格斯、荷斯坦种公牛和弗莱维赫6个品种鲜精液品质的影响以及相同季节下的6个品种精液品质间的差异.分析了在季节和品种的双重条件下,精液品质间的相关性.结果表明:(1)西门塔尔、夏洛来和荷斯坦种公牛的单次射精量随季节变化排序均依次是:夏季＞秋季＞春季＞冬季.(2)西门塔尔、夏洛来、利木赞和红安格斯的鲜精子密度随季节变化排序依次是:春季＞夏季＞冬季＞秋季,且这四个品种鲜精子密度在四季的排序均为:西门塔尔＞夏洛来＞利木赞＞红安格斯.(3)各品种种公牛四季鲜精子活力排序均依次是:冬季＞春季＞秋季＞夏季;各品种种公牛鲜精子活力在四季的排序均为:利木赞＞夏洛来＞弗莱维赫、西门塔尔＞荷斯坦＞红安格斯;各品种夏季鲜精子活力均极显著低于其它三个季节(P＜0.01).(4)荷斯坦种公牛鲜精子活力夏季占春季活力比率最高为(0.54/0.59),利木赞次之(0.5/0.63),弗莱维赫第三(0.47/0.6),安格斯最低(0.34/0.49).(5)红安格斯的单次射精量、精子密度和精子活力在相同季节下都低于其它5个品种.(6)在不同季节不同品种下,种公牛的射精量与鲜精子密度和鲜精子活力的相关系数分别是0.006和～0.019,鲜精子密度和鲜精子活力的相关系数是0.253.

The nonlinear regression analysis was conducted on weight records of Holstein,Simmental,Charolais,Limousin and red Angus bulls of Henan Dingyuan Cattle Breeding CO. LED bu using Logistic,Compertz and Bertallanffy( Bert) model. The results showed that: the Bert model which was more than 99. 4% R-squared was the best to the five varieties bulls. The weight growth rate of the five varieties bulls before reaching the inflection point was successively increased by Bert model,and then slowly declined,the daily weight gain of red Angus in 22-24 months accounted for the largest daily weight,ratio is 41. 3%,the second was Simmental( 51. 2%),Holstein decreased most slowly( 62. 2%). Before 8 months,the daily weight gain of Simmental bulls was successively higher than Charolais,Holstein,red Angus and Limousin bulls. 8 months later,the daily weight gain of Charolais bulls was higher than Simmental,Limousin bulls higher than red Angus.

Forty 18-month-old Xianan cows and 8 microsatellite DNA markers(BM2113,BM1824,ETH225,IDVGA2,IDVGA46,IDVGA55,BM3413 and TGLA44)were used to study the population genetic variation Xianan cattle and the relationships between the gene loci and their body size traits.The resuits showed that the these 8 microsatellite markers had 7,6,6,6,6,4,6 and 6 alleles,their(polymorphism information content)PIC was 0.764,0.775,0.786,0.701,0.723,0.570,0.759 and 0.776 and their heterozygosis was 0.801,0.784,0.824,0.744,0.772,0.648,0.802 and 0.815,respectively.The microsatellites were found to be in positive or negative correlation with some body size traits in the population.

体重的测量是衡量家畜品种优劣、生产性能、发育及健康情况的重要指标。它在肉用种公牛培育工作中有着非常重要的意义。通过分析夏洛来种公牛不同年龄体重之间的相关性。为夏洛来种公牛的选育工作提供依据。

<正>一、建立羊场之前的准备1.市场调查:了解市场上目前对羊的需求量,以及不同羊品种在当地以及主要消费地区的销售情况、市场价格等。其次,还要了解羊肉加工企业的发展动态以及羊肉副产品的需求情况。

This experiment studied the effects of ova pick-up methods, bFF,culture period and different culture systems on in vitro maturation of Nanyang cattle oocytes derived from small antral follicles.Results showed that: the number of oocytes picked by tissue-breaking method was the most(12.04),that picked by cutting method was the least(8.63),but there were no significant difference among these three methods(P0.05);the maturation rate of oocytes from cutting method(21.26%)was higher significantly than that from peel-off method(15.21%) and tissue-breaking method(13.15%)(P0.05);supplementation of 10% bFF in maturation medium significantly improved the maturation rate of oocytes(16.67%),higher than that of the ck(9.09%)and that of supplementation of 5% bFF(11.76%)(P0.05);the maturation rates of culture period 30-32h(12.50%)and culture system TCM199+OCS+FSH+LH+LIF(21.21%)were higher than those from the corresponding treaments.