The High Intensity Heavy-ion Accelerator Facility (HIAF), currently under construction, is a complex machine that couples a Continuous Wave (CW) superconducting ion Linear accelerator (iLinac) with a high-energy synchrotron to produce various stable and radioactive intense beams with energies from MeV/u to GeV/u. The machine has a versatile operation mode which requires a high flexibility and reliability to the Machine Protection System (MPS). A customized and robust MPS is designed and developed to give the readiness of the machine for operation, to mitigate and analyze faults related to the relative damage potential. To get a high speed and have a high level of reliability, all interlock signal processing is processed on radiation-tolerant Field-Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA) with triple or dual redundancy, as well as with a fail-safe design. By implementing a multiprocessing platform system-on-chip FPGA, the HIAF MPS can be tightly integrated with other systems to maximize availability pinpoint failures for operations, and give the postmortem analysis. This paper will describe the architecture of the interlocks linking the protection systems, the strategies to manage the complexity, the detailed components, and the interlock logic of the customized HIAF MPS, as well as the test and verification of the prototype.

Non-destructive measurements of low-intensity charged particle beams are particularly challenging for beam diagnostics. At the Heavy Ion Accelerator Facility in Lanzhou (HIRFL), beams with weak currents below 1 µA are often provided for experiments. The detection of such low beam current is below the threshold of typical standard beam current transformers. Therefore, a low-intensity monitoring system is developed by using a sensitive capacitive pick-up (PU) and low-noise electronics. This device measures beam currents by digitally analyzing the amplitude of the PU signals using a homodyne detection scheme. During lab tests, the amplitude nonlinearity is <0.5% in the operational range of 1 nA–45 µA and the amplitude resolution is 0.94 nA. At present, four measurement systems for low beam currents are installed at HIRFL for the monitoring of standard operating conditions with low beam currents below 1 µA. After an absolute calibration with a Faraday cup, it can be used for accurate beam intensity measurement with a current resolution of about 1 nA.

A new digital beam position and phase measurement (BPM) system was designed for the ion-Linac accelerator at the high intensity heavy ion accelerator facility. The fundamental and second harmonic signals are retrieved from the BPM electrodes to simultaneously calculate their respective beam positions and phases. All data acquisition and digital signal processing algorithm routines are performed in a field programmable gate array (FPGA). The position and phase information are obtained by using the in-phase and quadrature demodulation method. A practical and straightforward method is used to generate the second harmonic reference signal for processing the second harmonic beam signal. The reconfigurable filters are integrated into the FPGA to allow the measurement of short beam pulse length. The laboratory test results show that the achieved phase resolution is better than 0.2° and 0.03° when the input signal is -60 and -45 dBm, respectively. A position resolution better than 30 μm was achieved for an input power level of approximately -60 dBm, and it can reach 7 μm with the input power higher than -45 dBm. The entire execution time of the algorithm is accomplished within 3.4 µs, which provides a sufficient reaction time for the fast beam interlock signal to the machine protection system. The performance of this newly designed prototype BPM electronics was evaluated with the online proton beam.

To meet the high time-resolution requirements of a fast ionization profile monitor (IPM), a 64-channel electrical signal acquisition system with a fast response frequency of 1 MHz has been developed. This article initially describes an ultralow noise transimpedance amplifier, which is an analog front-end (AFE) electronics aiming to achieve a balance between the accuracy and bandwidth, as well as to truly reflect the microstructure of short beam pulses. Subsequently, a synchronized multichannel data transmission system based on field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) transmits data streaming with the low latency and high throughput, and meanwhile, it provides data homogeneity in time across channels. The system is designed in a modular way to easily extend up to 128 channels. The nonlinearity of the readout electronics is less than 0.2% in the dynamic range of 15 nA– $15~\mu \text{A}$ , and the relative resolution is 0.15% at the input current of 15 $\mu \text{A}$ . The spurious-free dynamic range (SFDR) is about 82.43 dB at a fundamental frequency of 1 kHz, and the effective number of bits (ENOB) of the analog-to-digital conversion (ADC) is better than 13 bits. The relative synchronization time discrepancy between channels is better than 2.5% of the sampling cycle. Finally, the system is deployed for the beam profile measurement with an IPM. The obtained peak value shows a good proportionality with the beam intensity increment, and all the electronics properties achieve reasonable and excellent performance.

Status monitoring is a crucial part of the accelerator control and operating system and real-time performance of status monitoring control system is claimed higher and higher. Therefore, many special designed methods are proposed for the different status monitoring systems. The purpose of this paper is to classify and assess the system of vacuum control, temperature control and radiation dose monitoring which are based on EPICS used for many large scientific equipments. The water leakage detection and alarm system developed based on EPICS by the author is introduced in the last of this paper. The result manifests that the stability and accuracy of these monitoring system could meet design requirements exactly.

Background Ion pump control system of HIRFL is designed based on the real-time distributed control software, EPICS. The hardware architecture, communication principle, database design and interlock design are introduced and elaborated in the paper. Methods PLC has been adopted to realize functions such as control monitoring and data communication. Interlock protect ion has been designed for ion pump control system to prevent damaging from high voltage. Results The test results show that the system has fast response function and high-speed data processing during the beam running and tuning. The response time of the system could reach 100 ms, the rate of data acquisition reaches to 10 time/s and the interlock protection time less than 40 ms. Conclusion The reliable and stable long-term operation of the vacuum system indicates that the performance has been constantly improved with the continuous optimization of the ion pump control system.

Accelerator magnet system is a major guarantee for ion beam running in vacuum tube over long-distance transmitting. Monitoring system of magnets temperature needs to fulfill the basic function of remote monitoring and alarming. In order to use unified interface and be easy to publish process variables (PVs), a new system is developed and presented in this paper. This software is designed based on Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System (EPICS), and a new device support file is also developed. It is realized to acquire temperature data from onsite devices, display the real-time data and store historical data automatically. When abnormal data is received it will alert immediately. The interlock module will work at the same time. After being running in the central control room for nearly two years, this system is proved to be extremely accurate and reliable.

为更好地保障中国科学院近代物理研究所重离子加速器(HIRFL)的稳定运行,本文研究设计了基于物联网的状态诊断系统.针对HIRFL中设备数量庞大 、种类复杂的特点,采用物联网的设计架构,利用各种传感器进行数据采集,并通过网络传输给中央控制系统中的数据库,由服务器中运行的控制软件对这些数据进行综合分析,给出合理的建议并发出相应的指令.根据HIRFL的实际情况,初步设计了1个HIRFL状态诊断系统模型,包括底层的硬件设计和上层的软件设计以及界面设计.部分控制界面已上线运行,并在实际运行中得到了检验,取得了一定的加速器状态诊断效果.

BackgroundThe control system for ion source is based on distributed architecture. The hardware structure, working principle, interlock design and graphics interface design are introduced and stated in this paper.PurposeTo improve the accuracy and usability of the electron cyclotron resonance ion source with advanced design for HIMM.MethodsThe data acquisition system is based on PLC and FPGA integrated circuit. Interlock protection is designed for vacuum system, power supplies system and cooling water system.ResultsThe control system is tested with C5+ ion beam, where fast reaction time and high-precision data processing during beam tuning have verified the stability and maintainability of the control system.ConclusionThe latest results and the reliable long-term operation of the accelerator demonstrate that the performance has been continually improved with the development of the optimized control system.

In this paper, we detail the architecture, design, and testing of an accurate and usable electronic cooler control system for the cooling storage main ring at the Heavy Ion Research Facility, Lanzhou, China (HIRFL-CSRm), and present the results of its use.

重离子治癌加速器的控制系统非常复杂、非常重要,本文主要介绍了重离子治癌加速器离子源控制系统软件的设计.该控制软件采用C++,Flash和组态软件相结合的方式开发而成,用C++开发底层与设备交互的驱动程序,用组态软件开发数据的交互与处理,以及大部分的控制界面,用Flash开发界面的部分动态内容.核心控制程序运行在数据中心的主服务器上,中央控制室的客户机可通过浏览器运行控制界面.运用该控制软件,武威重离子加速器示范装置已于2015年成功出束.经2年实际运行表明,该控制软件能很好的保障离子源的正常调束需求,满足物理人员所提出的设计指标.

HIRFL is a heavy ion accelerator built by the Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, which constitutes a total length of over 900 m by the SFC, SSC, CSRm, CSRe and so on. It bears a lot of research task of the country, so to ensure its safe operation is very important.

HIMM离子源控制系统基于以太网分布式控制,控制软件基于Visual C++设计实现.详细介绍控制系统的基本结构、工作原理、联锁报警、图形界面设计方法.针对真空系统、电源系统、冷却水系统等子系统的联锁要求,设计实现了联锁保护功能.束流调试结果验证了控制系统的稳定性和可维护性以及快速的反应时间和高精度的数据处理.

To improve the accuracy and usability of the superconducting electron cyclotron resonance ion source with advanced design in Lanzhou(SECRAL), an upgraded version of the control system was designed and tested. This paper details the architecture of the optimized control system and presents the results of its use in the long-term operation of the accelerator. The control system software, based on Visual C++, was developed following the model-view-controller architecture design pattern. The data acquisition system was based on a field-programmable gate array integrated circuit. In addition, control strategies were optimized for higher operational stability. The upgraded control system was tested with a U 33+ ion beam at SECRAL, where it provided a data acquisition time of less than 1 ms. The fast reaction time and highprecision data processing during beam tuning verified the stability and maintainability of the control system.

Electrostatic deflection plate is an important device in accelerator beam injection and extraction system. It requires higher positioning accuracy,safety,stability,reliability and convenience in the control system. This paper takes the practical engineering projects as examples, introduces several methods and design considerations of improving positioning accuracy, safety and convenience in motion control area based on PLC function module. These methods and designs have been tested in practical engineering applications,which can provide some reference for the construction of similar motion control systems.

SFC (Sector Focusing Cyclotron) is an important part of the Heavy Ion Research Facility in Lanzhou. The beam extraction e?ciency of SFC is directly related to the e?ciency of the whole accelerator. Because of the old equipment and control mode, as well as the low control accuracy of the SFC electrostatic deflection plate motor control, the motion control system was not able to meet the demand of beam tuning staff. In addition, there were no position detection function for this deflection plate;the beam tuning staff cannot get the current position of the deflection plate when they move these motors. Based on this situation, we designed and realized SFC motor control and position detection system in the summer maintain period in 2014 and 2015. In the design, we used the actual position to fit the measured voltage signal to improve the accuracy of position detection. Meanwhile, a specific compensation algorithm was designed to eliminate the mechanical transmission return difference, which greatly improved the motor control accuracy. At present, the overall control accuracy is about 0.2 mm. The user interface has numbers to shows the relative position of each motor and related animation, indicator led to show the status of each limit switches, easy operate buttons to control the motor moving. The system has been running stably and reliably since 2014. It has improved the e?ciency of the beam tuning and reduced the fault time, so it is well praised by the beam tuning staff.

This article mainly describes the interlock protection function design in the cyclotron control system of HIMM (Heavy Ion Medical Machine).Aiming at the interlock requirements of ion source,radio frequency,vacuum,power supply, cooling water and other subsystems,we designed an interlock system based on device+PLC+software structure.This design en-sures the normal work of interlock function in case of power down,line connection failure or abnormal data transmission.The re-action time reached milliseconds for hardware interlock and sub-second for software interlock.The whole function was verified in the process of cyclotron testing and ensured the beam tuning of the whole accelerator.

To improve the control efficiency of Superconducting Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion source(SECRAL) for Heavy Ion Research Facility in Lanzhou(HIRFL), a upgrade version of control system for SECRAL is designed and set up. The control software package is developed by Visual C++, which is able to control and monitor all of the equipment for the SECRAL system about 130 parameters. The previous analog power supplies are replaced by four digital power units at High Voltage(HV) platform, The old slow speed of AC motors are upgraded to servo motors newly for higher precision, stability and linearity. Meanwhile, some control strategy and user interface are optimized. In order to prevent the incorrect operation which may cause the quench of the superconducting magnet, alarm and interlock protection functions are added to the software and hardware. Since the upgraded SECRAL control system is online, it has been running smoothly.

The control of the superconducting magnet power supply (SMPS) is very important for Super-conducting Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion source with Advanced design in Lanzhou(SECRAL). In order to improve the safety and the reliability of the SMPS, a remote control system was designed and implemented. There are four power supplies needed to be controlled with suitable strategy to avoid the quench of the su-perconducting magnet. These four power supplies are used to supply four superconducting solenoids. Because the value and the changing rates of the current for these four solenoids are different, the power supplies must be operated synchronously to keep the current of the solenoids balanced. In this paper, we provide a detailed description for the control strategy of the four power supplies and the architecture of the hardware and the software. A serial switch is used for protocol conversion between TCP/IP and RS232 in firmware. And the software is implemented using VC++. The system can operate the four power supplies automatically after it is triggered. With the help of the control system, operation of the SMPS gets easier and safer.