Low temperature is an important environmental factor that restricts the growth of Stropharia rugosoannulata ; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying S. rugosoannulata responses to low-temperature stress are largely unknown. In this study, we performed a transcriptome analysis of a high-sensitivity strain (DQ-1) and low-sensitivity strain (DQ-3) under low-temperature stress. The liquid hyphae of S. rugosoannulata treated at 25°C and 10°C were analyzed by RNA-Seq, and a total of 9499 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses showed that these genes were enriched in “xenobiotic biodegradation and metabolism”, “carbohydrate metabolism”, “lipid metabolism” and “oxidoreductase activity”. Further research found that carbohydrate enzyme (AA, GH, CE, and GT) genes were downregulated more significantly in DQ-1 than DQ-3 and several cellulase activities were also reduced to a greater extent. Moreover, the CAT1 , CAT2 , GR , and POD genes and more heat shock protein genes ( HSP20 , HSP78 and sHSP ) were upregulated in the two strains after low-temperature stress, and the GPX gene and more heat shock protein genes were upregulated in DQ-3. In addition, the enzyme activity and qRT–PCR results showed trends similar to those of the RNA-Seq results. This result indicates that low-temperature stress reduces the expression of different AA, GH, CE, and GT enzyme genes and reduces the secretion of cellulase, thereby reducing the carbohydrate metabolism process and mycelial growth of S. rugosoannulata . Moreover, the expression levels of different types of antioxidant enzymes and heat shock proteins are also crucial for S. rugosoannulata to resist low-temperature stress. In short, this study will provide a basis for further research on important signaling pathways, gene functions and variety breeding of S. rugosoannulata related to low-temperature stress.

对13个大球盖菇(Stropharia rugosoannulata)菌株的农艺性状和营养成分进行综合评价.农艺性状分析结果表明:菌株DQ-1、DQ-4和DQ-5菌丝生长速度较快;菌株DQ-1和DQ-6出菇较早,单菇质量较大,平均单菇质量分别为(51.12±33.92)g和(51.23±34.44)g;菌丝生长速度与出菇时间不存在相关性,而单菇质量与子实体长度、菌柄长度存在极显著相关性.子实体营养成分分析结果表明:菌株DQ-2、DQ-6和DQ-10总蛋白含量较高,菌株DQ-3、DQ-11和DQ-13总糖和多糖含量较高;菌株DQ-6粗脂肪含量最低,菌株DQ-1中粗纤维含量最高.各菌株子实体氨基酸含量为42.81～86.90 mg·g-1,其中菌株DQ-3、DQ-6和DQ-8必需氨基酸和呈味氨基酸含量较高.对大球盖菇必需氨基酸进行评分结果表明,甲硫氨酸+半胱氨酸为第一限制氨基酸,苏氨酸含量最高.综合评价结果表明:菌株DQ-6出菇最早、单菇质量较大、总蛋白和氨基酸含量较高,可进一步开展中试和示范栽培,而菌株DQ-3、DQ-8、DQ-10和DQ-13可作为选育高营养成分菌株的育种材料.