Purpose: Management of severe diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) remains challenging. Tibial cortex transverse transport (TTT) facilitates healing and limb salvage in patients with recalcitrant DFUs. However, the underlying mechanism is largely unknown, necessitating the establishment of an animal model and mechanism exploration. Methods: Severe DFUs were induced in rats, then assigned to TTT, sham, or control groups (n=16/group). The TTT group underwent a tibial corticotomy, with 6 days each of medial and lateral transport; the sham group had a corticotomy without transport. Ulcer healing was assessed through Laser Doppler, CT angiography, histology, and immunohistochemistry. Serum HIF-1 alpha, PDGF-BB, SDF-1, and VEGF levels were measured by ELISA. Results: The TTT group showed lower percentages of wound area, higher dermis thickness (all p < 0.001 expect for p = 0.001 for TTT vs Sham at day 6) and percentage of collagen content (all p < 0.001) than the other two groups. The TTT group had higher perfusion and vessel volume in the hindlimb (all p < 0.001). The number of CD31(+) cells (all p < 0.001) and VEGFR2(+) cells (at day 6, TTT vs Control, p = 0.001, TTT vs Sham, p = 0.006; at day 12, TTT vs Control, p = 0.003, TTT vs Sham, p = 0.01) were higher in the TTT group. The activity of HIF-1 alpha, PDGF-BB, and SDF-1 was increased in the TTT group (all p < 0.001 except for SDF-1 at day 12, TTT vs Sham, p = 0.005). The TTT group had higher levels of HIF-1 alpha, PDGF-BB, SDF-1, and VEGF in serum than the other groups (all p < 0.001). Conclusion: TTT enhanced neovascularization and perfusion at the hindlimb and accelerated healing of the severe DFUs. The underlying mechanism is related to HIF-1 alpha-induced angiogenesis.

To summarize the clinical features of mediastinal lymphangiomas in paediatric patients and to compare the outcomes of open and minimally invasive surgical techniques. The clinical data of 65 patients with mediastinal lymphangiomas who were hospitalized at the Department of Thoracic Surgery of Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University and underwent tumour resection between January 2013 and December 2023 were retrospectively analysed. Patient age, sex, tumour size, tumour location, tumour classification, tumour morphology, operative time, estimated bleeding volume, duration of hospitalization, number of postoperative days with a chest tube, average daily chest tube drainage volume, postoperative complications and follow-up conditions were summarized. Sixty-five patients, including 39 males and 26 females, ranging from age 2 months to 10 years (mean age 3.90 years) were included. Twenty-three patients underwent open surgery, and 42 underwent minimally invasive surgery. Five patients required conversion to open surgery. Compared with open surgery, minimally invasive surgery was associated with a significantly shorter operation time, a lower estimated bleeding volume, and fewer hospitalization days. There was no significant difference in postoperative complication rates, number of postoperative days with a chest tube or average daily chest drainage volume. Mediastinal lymphangiomas are uncommon mediastinal tumours, and most patients present with respiratory symptoms; however, others have no symptoms. The proper use of preoperative imaging data could aid the differential diagnosis of the tumours. Surgical treatment is both practical and safe. Minimally invasive surgery can successfully reduce surgical trauma and should be encouraged since the view of the operative field is wider and clearer, which makes tumour separation easier.

OBJECTIVES The purpose of this retrospective study was to summarize our experience in performing robot-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (RATS) for mediastinal tumours in children to investigate its safety and feasibility. METHODS This retrospective study involved 149 patients with mediastinal tumours who were hospitalized in the Department of Thoracic Surgery of Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, and underwent RATS for tumour resection from March 2021 to November 2022. Information on patient age, weight, tumour size, surgical incision selection, operative time, intraoperative bleeding, intraoperative complications, length of hospital stay, rate of conversion to thoracotomy, and follow-up conditions were summarized. RESULTS All 149 surgeries were successfully completed with no cases of mortality. There were 77 male and 72 female patients, with a mean age of 5.9 years (range: 6 months-16 years, 8 months) and a mean weight of 23.6 kg (8.0-72.0 kg). The mean maximum tumour diameter was 5.5 cm (2.0-12.0 cm), the mean operative time was 106.7 min (25.0-260.0 min), the mean intraoperative bleeding volume was 11.3 mL (1.0-400.0 mL), and the mean hospital stay was 7.2 days (4.0-14.0 days). All patients recovered well with no cases of tumour recurrence or mortality during the postoperative follow-up period (3-23 months). CONCLUSIONS RATS is safe and feasible to apply in children with mediastinal tumours who are > 6 months of age and weigh more than 8 kg in terms of short-term outcomes, but longer-term follow-up is needed to fully evaluate the benefits. For cases that are associated with greater surgical difficulty and risk, a comprehensive surgical plan should be fully prepared in advance of surgery.

OBJECTIVEMAPK kinase 1 (MEK1), also known as MAP2K1, plays a role in activating extra-cellular signal-regulated protein kinase/mitogen-activated protein kinase (ERK/MAPK) signaling pathway to regulate cell proliferation and apoptosis. The abnormal expression of MAP2K1 is associated with leukemia. Bioinformatics analysis showed the targeted relationship between microRNA-181a (miR-181a) and the 3'-UTR of MAP2K1. This study aimed to investigate the role of miR-181a in regulating MAP2K1 expression, the effects on leukemic cell proliferation, apoptosis, and adriamycin (ADM) resistance.MATERIALS AND METHODSDual luciferase reporter gene assay was applied to confirm the targeted relationship between miR-181a and MAP2K1. ADM resistant cell line HL-60/ADM was established. MiR-181a and MAP2K1 expressions were detected. HL-60/ADM cells were cultured in vitro and divided into two groups, including microRNA-Normal control (miR-NC) group and miR-181a mimic group. MAP2K1, phosphorylated MAP2K1 (p-MAP2K1), and phosphorylated ERK (p-ERK) protein expressions were tested. Cell apoptosis was assessed with flow cytometry. Cell proliferation was determined using EdU staining.RESULTSThere is a targeted regulatory relationship between miR-181a and MAP2K1 mRNA. miR-181a expression was significantly lower, while MAP2K1 mRNA and protein expressions were markedly higher in HL-60/ADM cells than HL-60 cells (p<0.05). Transfection of miR-181a mimic markedly reduced expressions of MAP2K1, p-MAP2K1, and p-ERK in HL-60/ADM cells, enhanced cell apoptosis, and weakened cell proliferation compared to miR-NC (p<0.05).CONCLUSIONSMiR-181a reduction and MAP2K1 elevation were related to ADM resistance in leukemia cells. Up-regulation of miR-181a expression inhibited leukemia cell proliferation, induced apoptosis, and reduced ADM resistance via targeting MAP2K1 expression and ERK/MAPK signaling pathway.

The technology state is determined not by a single data, but by multiple data sources that has a certain degree of uncertainty and ambiguity, and even be contradictory which is difficult to support decision-making effectively. In this paper, an efficient intelligent decision-making method based on multi-source heterogeneous data fusion is proposed. Firstly, under the rough set theory, the attribute reduction method based on the improved particle swarm optimization is proposed to efficiently obtain decision-related attributes. Secondly, using the improved Dempster-Shafer (D-S) evidence theory to fuse and calculate the reduced information sources to obtain the final decision results. Finally, the production process of satellite separation station was taken as the application object to verify the feasibility of proposed technology.

Aimed to reduce inductor current of DAB converter, a current-stress-optimized control strategy using hybrid modulation is proposed in this paper. The fundamental components of the voltages on both sides of the transformer are extracted and an equivalent circuit is established. In the corresponding vector diagram, the minimum value of inductor current under different power conditions can be obtained by adjusting the voltages of primary and secondary sides and the included angle. Finally, the effectiveness and correctness of proposed strategy is verified by simulation, whose results show that the proposed method can effectively reduce the root-mean- square value of the inductor current.

This paper proposed a novel integrating configuration and a power distribution method for modular multilevel converter (MMC)-based grid-connected PV system with integrated batteries. Based on a three-phase system with two different sources, PV can achieve the maximum power output, and the battery can flexibly adjust its output and serve as a backup power source according to the grid dispatching. Considering the imbalance of battery state of charge and voltage of PV on the DC side, a balance control method by controlling the circulating current is adopted. Finally, simulation results are presented to verify the effectiveness of the proposed control method.

The circulating current (CC) occurs among the paralleled converters due to the inconsistency of impedance parameters, carrier phases, switching frequencies and so on, and for Vienna rectifier, which contains the current distortion problem, will bring worse input current. Therefore, in this paper, an integrated control method is proposed to suppress the CC and current distortion. Specifically, the modeling of CC in paralleled Vienna rectifiers is established, on the basis of normal zero-sequence circulating current (ZSCC) control, a feedforward control is added to eliminate the ZSCC spikes. For the current distortion, the corresponding analysis and solution in space vector modulation (SVM) is conducted, to facilitate the implementation, the zero-sequence component injected by the equivalent carrier-based PWM method is deduced. Finally, the feasibility of the proposed integrated control strategy is validated by simulation and experiment.

This paper proposes a single-phase cascaded PV storage system operated with hybrid modulation. The proposed configuration is constituted by main module and auxiliary module, where main module encompasses PV cell and battery cell and employs fundamental frequency modulation for low switching losses, while auxiliary module consists of capacitor cell and employs high frequency modulation to eliminate harmonics in the output for high quality power. Correspondingly, a control strategy is proposed for the system, which independently controls main and auxiliary modules by fundamental voltage and harmonics elimination control. Utilizing in the main module, the fundamental voltage control aims to capture maximum PV generation and mitigate PV fluctuations simultaneously. Meanwhile, employing in auxiliary module, harmonics elimination control eliminates harmonics generated by the main module to reduce harmonics distortion in the output voltage. In addition, the capacitor voltage of the auxiliary module is regulated by coordinating power between main and auxiliary module through shifting the output voltage of the main module. A laboratorial prototype rated at 220V has been established on hard-in-loop platform with DSP and CPLD cocontroller, and series experiments have been executed to demonstrate the validation of the proposed control strategy.

In the complex manufacturing environment, the information collected from various information sources often has a certain degree of uncertainty and ambiguity, and even be contradictory which is difficult to support decision-making effectively. In this paper, an efficient intelligent decision-making method based on multi-source heterogeneous data fusion is proposed. Firstly, under the rough set theory, the attribute reduction method based on the improved particle swarm optimization is proposed to efficiently obtain decision-related attributes. Secondly, using the improved Dempster-Shafer (D-S) evidence theory to fuse and calculate the reduced information sources to obtain the final decision results. Finally, a space factory was taken as the application object to verify the feasibility of proposed technology.

Since this article has been suspected of research misconduct and the corresponding authors did not respond to our request to prove originality of data and figures, "miR-181a down-regulates MAP2K1 to enhance adriamycin sensitivity in leukemia HL-60 cells, by J.-J. Wang, J.-P. Yu, published in Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2019; 23 (6): 2497-2504-DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_201903_17397-PMID: 30964176" has been withdrawn. The Publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause. https://www.europeanreview.org/article/17397.

Femoral hernias constantly present as incarceration or strangulation and require emergency surgery. Incarcerated and strangulated femoral hernia repair remains challenging and controversial. The aim of our study was to analyze the efficacy of preperitoneal tension-free hernioplasty via lower abdominal midline incision for incarcerated and strangulated femoral hernia.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the changes in cell autophagy and the molecular mechanism of rapamycin affecting the fracture healing.MATERIAL AND METHODSSprague-Dawley (SD) rats were used to establish the right femoral shaft fracture models, and then underwent immunofluorescence assay to detect the autophagy level in bone tissues. After model establishment, SD rats were divided into two groups, the control group and the rapamycin group (1 mg/kg/d). Respectively, at the 2nd, 4th, and 6th week, rats were randomly selected from each group for X-ray and Micro-computed tomography (Micro-CT) examinations to determine callus growth, immunofluorescence assay to detect the protein expression of light chain 3 II (LC3 II), immunohistochemistry to evaluate the autophagy level through detecting the expression of Beclin1 in rats, Western blotting assay to detect cell apoptosis in tissues, hematoxylin and eosin staining (HE staining) to evaluate the osteoblastic activity through count of osteoblast in bone tissue at the end of fracture, and measure the expression of vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGF).RESULTSSignificant increases were seen in protein expression of cells in bone tissues at the end of fracture. In rapamycin group, callus formation and calcification level in rats were all higher than those in control group; compared with control group, for rats in rapamycin group, cell autophagy was significantly elevated in bone tissues, while cell apoptosis at the end of fracture was reduced with a significant increase in osteoblastic activity. The expression of VEGF in rapamycin group was higher than that in control group.CONCLUSIONSRapamycin can facilitate fracture healing through inducing cell apoptosis and suppressing cell apoptosis in bone tissues.

The quality of meal-ready-to-eat (MRE) military food was indicated. [Method] Based dyestuff 2-phenyl-3-methyl-6, 6-2 D-amino fluorane and 2, 2-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) propane color developer thermo-sensitive system, time-temperature integrators (TTI) produced black by thermo-printer and faded gradually to show quality change of MRE military food. The time-temperature-optical density relational model of the TTI was compare with the time-temperatureacid value dynamics model of the food. it can match the time-temperature-optical density model of TTI to the time-temperature-acid value dynamics model of meal-ready-to-eat military food. The active energy of TTI's reaction is 74.1 kJ/mol similar with 77.7 kJ/mol of MRE military food's reaction. The optical density of TTI's standard camera is 0.8 compared with shelf life of MRE military food.

Summary The surface and target reflector shooting methods are two ways of determining infill-shot geometry based on targets, and both methods have advantages and disadvantages. This paper presents a new method that utilizes the advantages of both methods in order to optimize the infill-shot design. The target layer’s weak-illumination areas (shadow zones) resulting from the conventional geometry are determined through 3D geological modeling and seismic illumination analysis. Then, the target reflector shooting method is used to calculate the ray amplitude density map on a surface relative to the weak-illumination area, and this map is used to determine the initial locations of the infill shots. Finally, the surface shooting method is used again to select infill shots that have maximum illumination strength on the shadow zones of the target reflector. In summary, the optimized geometry is determined by adding these selected infill shots to the conventional geometry, and this optimized geometry both fits the constraints of seismic field operations and effectively improves illumination in target shadow zones using fewer infill shots.

Electrochemical treatment (ECT) of cancer is a promising new method by which direct current is delivered into tumor tissue to induce tumor regression. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of ECT on human cancer cells and to investigate the factors that affect ECT. The biological mechanisms of ECT in cancer treatment were also explored. Using human KB cells, ECT was found to delay cell growth by using 0.3 coulombs (C)/ml (1.5 C in 5 ml of culture medium; 3 V, 400 microA for 62.5 min). From the results of a colony-forming assay, it was clearly demonstrated that increasing the ECT dose decreases tumor cell survival. A cytotoxicity study, in which a methylene blue assay was used, determined that, for 2.5 x 10(5) cells in culture, the 1D50 was 0.68 C/ml. For a fixed dose of 0.6 C/ml (3 C in 5 ml), using higher current and shorter treatment time resulted in better cell survival. Time, therefore, is an important factor. When cell concentration was altered, the survival was higher for increased cell concentrations. A thymidine incorporation assay indicated that the amount of [3H]thymidine incorporated into DNA decreased as the ECT dose increased. After treatment with 1 C/ml (5 C in 5 ml; 3 V, 400 microA for 208.4 min), pH at the anode decreased to 4.53 and at the cathode increased to 10.46. These results indicate that ECT is effective for killing human KB cells in vitro and that the toxicity effect is related to charge, current, and treatment time. The effect of pH alteration on cells is one of the mechanisms of ECT.

In this study, the colon tissue enzyme activity of sucrase was determined in 22 colorectal carcinomas, 48 adenomas, 10 non-adenomatous polyps and 16 normal mucosa according to the methods of Messer. It is shown that the sucrase activity was 12.20 �� 1.23 mU/mg protein in carcinoma and 9.60 �� 1.15 mU/mg protein. In adenoma, all of which were significantly higher than that in the normal mucosa (1.91 �� 0.23 mU/mg protein). The activity in the non-adenomatous polyps was 1.98 �� 0.44 mU/mg protein bearing no difference with the normal mucosa. In colorectal adenomas, sucrase activity directly correlated with their size and dysplastic degree. Our results suggested that sucrase expression may be useful as a marker to indicate progression of a dysplastic adenoma into carcinoma.