With the rapid development of global navigation satellite system (GNSS) technology, IGS signals play a crucial role in many fields such as positioning, navigation, and time synchronization. Nevertheless, the multipath error problem seriously affects the performance of IGS signals in practical applications. In this paper, the multipath error problem of IGS signals is studied in depth, and an improvement method based on a digital filtering technique is proposed. The article first provides a comprehensive analysis of the impact of multipath error and identifies the shortcomings of existing studies, thus clarifying the motivation of this study. Subsequently, this paper uses digital filtering techniques to estimate the multipath error accurately and designs a corresponding improvement strategy. Through experimental verification, this paper demonstrates the significant effect of the improved method in improving signal quality and positioning accuracy. Finally, the article summarises the research results. It discusses their potential promotion value in IGS signal reception and related applications, which provides important theoretical support and practical guidance for future technology development and applications.

Edge computing (EC) has a promising advantage by leveraging the computation resource closing to the sensors and devices to reduce the delay of the smart grids (SGs). However, it is challengeable to balance the communication and computation for the relatively limited resource of edge nodes. Firstly, a general delay model for the multiple edge computing units is built to characterize the influence of the computing association. Secondly, a joint power control and computing association optimization problem is formulated to minimize the system delay in the uplink EC-enabled SG network. Although the problem is non-convex due to the coupling of the transmit power and the computing association, we slack the integer constraints and propose a suboptimal scheme based on the fractional programming to decouple the transmit power and the computing association. Finally, some simulation results show that the EC-enabled SG system is always in the communication-limited region when the packet size is small and becomes computation-limited with the increasing of the packet size. In addition, the proposed scheme can achieve performance gain up to 21% compared to the benchmark scheme.

Power grid control services can only be carried on private networks, such as wireless private networks or 5G network slices. Wireless private networks have high construction costs and are difficult to scale. Due to the deterioration of wireless signal quality, 5G network slice may fall back to 4G network. Therefore, it is necessary to study and propose a transmission scheme for power grid control services facing any network environment to ensure the security and reliability of control services. This paper proposes a transmission method for power grid control services based on 5G wireless air interface quality monitoring. Through real-time monitoring and link detection of wireless air interface signals, it can ensure that the blocking control function is notified to the power grid control terminal when the 5G network slice does not meet the control service transmission conditions. The scheme proposed in this paper provides an effective means for the power network control terminal to decide whether to block the control function according to the network state, to sense the deterioration of wireless air interface quality in time and to select the attached cell.

5G has the advantages of large bandwidth, low delay, and wide connection, providing strong support for sensing acquisition and interactive control equipment access, data transmission, and online interaction in all aspects of the power grid. The open transmission environment of wireless communication leads to the interference of space electromagnetic waves. Timely detection and diagnosis of interference types and effective measures are the key to ensure the reliable operation of power 5G services. In this paper, an improved SNN neural network is designed to diagnose interference types in 5G bearer power applications. By integrating network topology, terminal position information and air port signal quality data collection, the diagnosis accuracy is effectively improved.

The birth of 5G technology provides the basic network for the electric power industry applications. With the advantages of the large bandwidth, low latency, high mobility, service offload, it gives rise to the substation intelligent robots, unmanned aerial vehicles, distribution gird station monitoring, etc. Considering the openness of the wireless signal and the sensitivity of the power grid equipment information, authentication policies must be designed based on the 5G network architecture to reduce the risk of unauthorized access. This paper proposes a multi-factor authentication mechanism through the secondary authentication framework based on 5G network. The proposed identity authentication factors include trusted identity identification, radio frequency signal characteristics, geographic location information, traffic statistics, etc. The reliability of each factor is calculated in real time through the secondary authentication gateway, and the terminal access legitimacy is analyzed. The access authentication process of substation 5G edge network is designed according to 5G secondary authentication framework to ensure the legitimacy of terminal identity and block suspicious terminals in time. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed distributed cross-domain authentication mechanism is verified by analyzing various attacks.

In view of the wide distribution points of different types of power services, randomness of time and space of business flows, and the inability of local edge cloud resources to meet the requirements of the minimum tolerance index of services due to massive flexible access, this paper provides a cross-MEC resource management method that takes into account the dynamic demands of power services. By aggregating the resource units of multiple MECs and allocating them to different services on demand, the collaboration among MECs can improve the service access demand satisfaction rate and solve the problem of massive multi-service flexible access demand in the power industry.

When 5G slice network is applied to bear intelligent substation monitoring, one can obtain qualified service quality and reduce the slice rental cost, though reasonable and customized virtual network resources allocation among time-sensitive, mobile broadband, and narrow-band sensing services. As a result, the mapping model of electrical service demand onto communication and computing resources of network slices was established, and the mechanism and transformation between them are revealed. Constrained by the transmission bandwidth, time delay and computing resource demand of the electrical multiple services, the economical efficiency optimization problem of electric 5G multi-service network slice is formulated. A joint allocation algorithm of communication and computing resources is proposed to address the issue of efficient and economic resources utilization.

The birth of 5G technology provides basic communication network support for application innovation in the power industry, and continuously promotes the digital transformation of power grid enterprises. For instance, with wide bandwidth of 5G, one can achieve the digital substation based on VR/AR intelligent inspection. Due to extreme low latency and ultra high reliability, the accurate load shedding while emergency fault occurring and rapid differential protection for the power distribution network are coming true. As a result, the operational efficiency of the power grid and the quality of power supply can be improved significantly. It can be predicted that the closer integration of power energy network and 5G communication network will bring more information security challenges in the future, and the integration of the security protection requirements and 5G security capabilities has attracted more and more attention from the industria and academia. The 5G network slices can provide industry users with guaranteed resources to form a specific strong logic isolation network, within which the industry users can customize the secondary authentication protocol and algorithm. This work analyzed in detail the principles of 5G secondary authentication and safety performance. Based on the analyses, we propose a customized access authentication scheme combined with power industrial automation security protection strategy. The safety and effectiveness of our proposed scheme are verified by the security performance under various network attacks and the results show that the proposed secondary authentication scheme has strong ability to resist various network attacks and will provide higher security for power grid terminals through 5G network access.. To conclude, the proposed scheme can be viewed as a guidance for 5G application deployment in electrical industry.

Recently, with the rapid development of smart grid and the increasing demand for electricity, it is imperative to build a power consumption information collection system that can serve the normal operation of the smart grid business. Narrow-Band Internet of Things (NB-IoT) is used to support power consumption information collection system. As the spectrum bandwidth of NB-IoT is only 180 kHz, how to make resource allocation and scheduling more efficiently becomes a key issue. In this paper, we deeply analyze the uplink resource scheduling related factors for NB-IoT firstly, including resource allocation scheme, power control, and uplink transmission gap, etc. Next, the selection of modulation and coding schemes, and the number of repeated transmissions is analyzed based on different coverage levels. The greedy-stable selection modulation and coding strategy of the rate margin report are used to select the modulation and coding level, and then a compensation is adopted to determine the number of repeated transmissions. Simulation results show that compared with the direct transmission method, the solution can save more than 56% of the activity time and 46% of the resource consumption.

With the development of wireless communication network, 5G H-CRAN network has gradually become the focus of research. The increasing demands for mobile data multimedia services and high bandwidth multimedia services require the network to provide efficient multicast services in smart grid communications. The multicast effect is mainly determined by the worst users of QoS in all multicast users, which are clustered at the edge of the cell. Therefore, there is a need to find ways to enhance the user experience in the edge area. In this paper, a 5G multicast enhancement scheme based on cooperative transmission is proposed, which can effectively enlarge the coverage of the network and improve the signal quality of edge users. We model and discuss the effect of cooperative transmission enhancement through different collaboration patterns. We define the system to ensure effective throughput metrics in the process of cooperative enhancement equalization. The simulation results show that cooperative mode selection of QoS is guaranteed in different systems.

In this letter, a pilot allocation algorithm based on K-means clustering is proposed for the cell-free massive MIMO systems. Firstly, to avoid the communication between users and “invalid” access points (APs), a user-centered virtual cell division is adopted. Users select AP according to the large-scale factor of the channel to form a specific AP set which serves the specific users. Then, K value is determined by combining multiple features and the initial centroid is selected to cluster users. Finally, based on the results of user clustering, users in the internal cluster are assigned to orthogonal pilots, and users in different clusters are reused pilots, which can avoid pilot contamination (PC) caused by pilot reusing among users from the space perspective. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can reduce channel estimation error and enhance system throughput.

The application of a Wide Area Monitoring Protection and Control (WAMPAC) system in a 10 kV electricity distribution network (three 110 kV substations and nine 10kV ring main units) is presented in this paper. It provides current differential protection for 10kV feeders in order to meet the requirements of speed and selectivity of 10 kV feeder protection. The integrated protection and control system uses wide area information transmitted in Package Transmission communication Network (PTN) for feeder current differential protection, and to provide an auto-closing scheme for fast post-fault restoration of supplies. Laboratory tests and site trial have been done to prove the effectiveness of the system.