Electrochemical CO2 reduction to ethylene (C2H4) offers a promising route for carbon upcycling, but the instability of Cu+ sites caused by *H attack remains a major barrier to durable selectivity. Here, we aim to stabilize Cu+ and enhance C-C coupling by regulating interfacial *OH-derived intermediate chemistry. Eu-doped Cu2O was designed to promote the formation of interfacial *OH species, which in turn form hydrogen bonds with *OCCO intermediates and amplify their dipole moment. This dynamic *OH-*OCCO interaction creates a physical shielding layer that suppresses *H adsorption on Cu+ sites while favoring *OCCO accumulation. As a result, the Eu-Cu2O catalyst delivers a C2H4 Faradaic efficiency of 40.3% at −1.2 V vs. RHE, 2.3 times higher than pristine Cu2O, and maintains stable C2H4 production for over 50 h. Combined experimental and theoretical analyses confirm that interfacial *OH-driven *OCCO engineering simultaneously promotes C-C coupling and preserves Cu+ integrity. This work provides a general strategy for constructing robust and selective copper-based electrocatalysts for durable CO2-to-C2H4 conversion.

Solid‐state lithium metal batteries (SSLMBs) are widely recognized as next‐generation energy storage devices with great potential. However, their commercialization has been hindered by bottleneck issues related to solid electrolytes (SEs), including poor mechanical strength, inadequate thermal management capabilities, poor interface stability, and limited room‐temperature ionic conductivity. Boron nitride (BN), with its diverse crystal structures and excellent performance, has been widely used in electrolytes for SSLMBs. Herein, we provide a comprehensive review of research progress on BN‐based materials applied in solid‐state electrolytes (SSEs) for SSLMBs. First, the relationships of the basic structure, properties, and synthesis of BN are briefly elucidated. Subsequently, the application strategies and mechanisms of raw/modified BN in polymer‐based and inorganic solid electrolytes are systematically elaborated and discussed, emphasizing its role in enhancing mechanical strength, inhibiting lithium dendrites’ growth, optimizing ion transport, and stabilizing the interfaces. Representative research results demonstrate that SSEs incorporated with BN‐based materials can significantly enhance the cycling stability, ionic conductivity, and rate performance of SSLMBs. Finally, the challenges and future development directions of BN‐based materials in SSEs were proposed, aiming to provide useful references for the design of high‐performance SSEs and their practical applications.

Engineering superhydrated interfaces that simultaneously resist fouling and maintain mechanical integrity under harsh conditions remains a critical challenge for solar-driven interfacial desalination. Here, we report a mechanically robust, fully zwitterionic photothermal hydrogel (FZPH) possessing superhydrated interfaces for antifouling desalination. FZPH is constructed via a reinforced triple-network architecture comprising poly(trimethylamine N-oxide) (PTMAO), poly(sulfobetaine methacrylate) (PSBMA), and polypyrrole (PPy). A third PSBMA network is introduced through monomer impregnation into a dual zwitterionic PTMAO/PSBMA scaffold, followed by in situ PPy polymerization. The highly swellable PTMAO network provides elastic free volume, while strong electrostatic self-association within the PSBMA network significantly enhances chain entanglement, endowing FZPH with excellent mechanical robustness. Densely distributed zwitterionic groups form superhydrated interfaces, effectively suppressing salt crystallization and fouling by proteins, bacteria, and algae. FZPH achieves a high evaporation rate of 2.85 kg m(-2) h(-1) under 1 kW m(-2) solar irradiation and maintains 15 days of stable operation in actual seawater with >98% antifouling efficiency of various foulants. This work offers a promising strategy for durable photothermal hydrogels in real marine environments.

Zn-based thermal charging devices, utilizing the synergistic effect of ion thermoextraction and thermodiffusion, are able to efficiently convert thermal energy into electrical energy and storage in the devices, making them a highly promising technology for low-grade heat recovery and utilization. However, the low output power density and energy conversion efficiency resulted by the slow diffusion kinetics of Zn2+ hinder their development. Herein, we present a high-performance thermal charging cell design using Zn2+/NH4+ hybrid ion electrolyte, which not only maintains the high output voltage of the Zn-based thermoelectric system, but also significantly enhances the output power density due to the fast diffusion kinetics of NH4+. Based on this strategy, the thermal charging cell displays a high thermopower of 12.5 mV K-1 and an excellent normalized power density of 19.6 mW m(-2) K-2 at a temperature difference of 35 K. The Carnot-relative efficiency is as high as 12.74%. Moreover, it can operate continuously for over 72 h when the temperature difference persists, achieving a balance between thermoelectric conversion and output. This work provides a simple and effective strategy for the design of high-performance thermal charging cells for low-grade heat conversion and utilization.

The effects of extrusion and annealing on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Al-Cu-Ce based alloys with coarse dendritic and equiaxed grains were systematically investigated. After deformation, both types of alloys exhibit a dual-phase heterogeneous lamellar microstructure: alternating layers of the Al-Al8CeCu4 eutectic region and the primary alpha-Al phase, and alternating layers of the fine-grained Al-Al8CeCu4 region and the coarse primary alpha-Al phase. The Al-Al8CeCu4 eutectic regions are distributed among the elongated equiaxed grains with different orientations, while multiple Al-Al8CeCu4 eutectic regions are embedded in a single coarse deformed primary alpha-Al dendrite. After annealing, the coarse deformed primary alpha-Al dendrites undergo complete recrystallization to form irregular coarse alpha-Al grains, which consume the fine-grained Al-Al8CeCu4 regions within them, whereas the deformed equiaxed grain microstructure remains almost unchanged. Notably, the fine intermetallic particles at the grain boundaries and L12-Al3(Sc,Zr) nanophases effectively inhibit recrystallization and dislocation recovery. Owing to the trade-off among the increments of various strengthening mechanisms, the yield strength of both alloys remains almost unchanged before and after deformation, while the strengthening effects of L12-Al3(Sc,Zr) nanophases and the refinement of primary precipitates induced by microalloying are still manifested. The fragmentation of coarse lamellar intermetallic phases alleviates stress concentration, modifies the orientation relative to the loading axis, delays crack initiation, and thus enhances the work-hardening capacity (UTS) and elongation of the alloys. However, the disruption of the continuous reticular intermetallic phase skeleton impairs its structural supporting effect on the material, increases the probability of grain boundary sliding, and causes premature failure of the alloys, thereby significantly degrading their elevated-temperature strength. This study clarifies the strategy for improving the elevated-temperature strength of heat-resistant Al alloys by adopting the microstructural template of a reticular intermetallic phase skeleton at grain boundaries and enhancing the thermal stability of theta'/theta"-Al2Cu phases via microalloying, which provides a clear direction for subsequent research.

For thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) used in high-temperature applications, low thermal conductivity is a key performance indicator. However, the currently dominant material, 8 wt% yttria-stabilized zirconia (8YSZ), has a relatively high intrinsic thermal conductivity, which limits its thermal insulation efficiency. To further optimize the thermal conductivity of TBCs, this study synthesized three (CeZrLaEr)(1-x)/4YₓO2-δ (x = 0.15, 0.20, 0.25) high-entropy fluorite oxides (HEFOs) via a solid-state reaction method, designated as Y0.15, Y0.20 and Y0.25, respectively, and systematically investigated the effects of Y content on phase structure, microstructure, mechanical and thermal properties. The results show that all samples exhibit a single‑phase fluorite structure after sintering at 1600 °C. As the increase of Y content, the hardness of the samples rises from 8.77 GPa to 9.51 GPa, and the fracture toughness increases from 5.132 MPa·m1/2 to 5.469 MPa·m1/2. The improvement in these mechanical properties is primarily attributed to the effect of grain refinement and solid‑solution strengthening. Meanwhile, the thermal conductivity at room temperature increases from 1.729 to 1.815 W·m-1·K-1 with increasing Y content, primarily due to reduced cation size disorder, which weakens phonon scattering. And the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) decreases from 12.946 to 12.617 × 10-6 °C-1 with increasing Y content, primarily due to the reduction in lattice parameters, which increases the lattice energy and consequently suppresses thermal expansion. Moreover, the mass loss of all the samples is negligible below 1200 °C, confirming their excellent thermal stability. The above results indicate that modulating the Y content provides an effective approach for synergistically optimizing the mechanical and thermal properties of HEFOs, making them promising candidates for high‑temperature applications.

The efficacy of immunotherapy in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is often limited, whereas the immunotherapeutic potential of pyroptosis is frequently undermined by a compensatory surge in mitophagy. To address this challenge, this study developed a reactive oxygen species (ROS)-responsive and mitochondria-targeted nanomicelle (POM@CTT). Upon encountering high ROS within mitochondria, POM@CTT could rapidly release the polyoxometalate (POM) component and generate singlet oxygen. Beyond inducing pyroptosis via the NLRP3/Caspase-1/GSDMD axis, POM disrupted both the cellular and mitochondrial membranes based on the GSDMD N-terminal fragment. This disruption further promoted mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) release into the cytosol to activate the cGAS-STING pathway. POM concurrently disrupted lysosomal function to block autophagic flux effectively. This blockade prevented pyroptosis-induced compensatory mitophagy, which sustained and amplified the mtDNA-cGAS-STING axis-mediated immune activation signal. In vivo, POM@CTT significantly promoted T-cell infiltration into tumors. Its combined use with alpha PD-L1 remarkably suppressed both primary and distant tumors and effectively prolonged the survival of tumor-bearing mice. This study provides a novel strategy for overcoming TNBC immunotherapy resistance by inducing pyroptosis and blocking autophagic flux synergistically to remodel the tumor immune microenvironment. (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic) ( TNBC ) (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic) , (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic).(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic) , (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic) ( ROS ) (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic) ( POM@CTT ) , (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)"(sic)(sic)-(sic)(sic)-(sic)(sic)"(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic).POM@CTT(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)ROS(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic) ( POM ) (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic).(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic) , POM(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)NLRP3/Caspase-1/GSDMD(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic) , (sic)(sic)(sic)GSDMD-N(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic).(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)DNA ( mtDNA ) (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic) , (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)cGAS-STING(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic).(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic) , POM(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic) , (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic).(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic) , (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)mtDNA-cGAS-STING(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic).(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic) , POM@CTT(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)T(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic).(sic)(sic) , (sic)alpha PD-L1(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic) , (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic) , (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic).(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic) , (sic)(sic)(sic)TNBC(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic).

Fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors have emerged as promising tools for high-precision in-situ monitoring in diverse fields. However, conventional FBGs are hindered by their intrinsic temperature-strain cross-sensitivity. To address this bottleneck, we report a compact single-fiber axial hetero-diameter cascaded FBG (AHC-FBG). This structure generates an axial spatial mode splitting, which is used for temperature-strain decoupling. The maximum diameter of the AHC-FBG dual-spectrum splitting obtained through simulation is 19.9 μm. Meanwhile, the diameter of 15 μm for AHC-FBG was fabricated using the hydrothermal etching method. Systematic simulation and experimentation reveal that the two resonance peaks, corresponding to the 125 μm unetched and 15 μm etched sections, exhibit near-identical temperature sensitivities of 10.214 pm/°C and 10.500 pm/°C in the range of 30–90 °C, while their strain sensitivities reach 1.19 pm/με and 7.14 pm/με in the range of 0–250 με, featuring a significant 6-fold difference. Leveraging this differential response characteristic, a calibrated sensing matrix is established to realize temperature-strain cross-sensitivity mitigation, achieving a high temperature resolution of 0.15 °C and strain resolution of 1.5 με. Furthermore, we verified that the RMSE of temperature and strain for this structure under common monitoring noise conditions were 0.48 °C and 0.97 με respectively, demonstrating its decoupling capability under normal operating conditions. This axial spatial mode splitting yields two well-resolved, independent Bragg resonance peaks without the need for cascaded gratings, customized phase masks, or secondary post-processing, forming a dual-parameter sensing unit in a single fiber. The proposed AHC-FBG structure provides a potential approach for in-situ monitoring of temperature and strain.

Flexible inorganic thermoelectrics are promising for the Internet of Things and wearable electronics. While solution processing offers a facile route to such materials, simultaneously achieving mechanical flexibility and substantial power output remains challenging. Here, we report a microstructure-engineering strategy to fabricate freestanding Ag1.8Se/carbon nanotube (CNT) composite films with ultralow CNT content (0.9 wt %). An interwoven CNT network establishes dense, conductive interfaces with Ag1.8Se nanowires, enabling efficient carrier transport and exceptional flexibility. The ∼10-μm films achieve a power factor of 20.9 μW cm−1 K−2 at 380 K and retain >95% of their performance after 20,000 bending cycles at a 2-mm radius. An assembled flexible device delivers an output power of 15.4 μW and a normalized power density of 4.63 μW cm−1 K−2 under a 50 K temperature gradient. Integrated with biodegradable supports, the devices demonstrate recyclability and enable sap flow monitoring. This facile and sustainable approach is generalizable to other systems such as Bi2Te3 and Cu2Se.

The mining, processing, and refining of rare-earth ores generate Th-rich radioactive wastewater, making its effective treatment critical for environmental protection and public health. In this study, mesoporous MoX2-alpha-ZrP (X = S, Se) composite powders were synthesized for Th(IV) adsorption from aqueous solutions. Under the conditions of [Th(IV)]initial = 50 +/- 2 mg center dot L-1, pHinitial = 3, temperature = 298 K, and a contact time = 1440 min, the larger pore volume and pore width of the composites, compared with alpha-ZrP, enhanced the adsorption capacity (qe) of MoSe2-alpha-ZrP and MoS2-alpha-ZrP to 146.3 +/- 7.4 mg center dot g-1 and 143.7 +/- 2.5 mg center dot g-1, respectively. Higher pH, [Th(IV)]initial, and temperature further enhanced Th(IV) adsorption. Notably, MoX2-alpha-ZrP removed Th(IV) from simulated leaching solution of monazite or bastnaesite and selectively adsorbed Th(IV) in the presence of co-existing ions. Thermodynamic and kinetic analyses confirmed a spontaneous, endothermic, and homogeneous chemisorption behavior. The Thomas and Yoon-Nelson models accurately described dynamic column Th(IV) adsorption, and increases in adsorbent mass, together with decreases in influent Th(IV) concentration, and reduced flow rate extended both breakthrough and saturation times. Mechanistic studies revealed Th(IV) coordination with oxygen-containing groups, ion exchange with-OH, and electrostatic interaction with phosphate groups. Results from our study can help explore the adsorption behaviors and mechanisms of Th(IV) on potential MoX2 (X = O, S, Se)-based or alpha-ZrP-based materials for treating Th-rich radioactive wastewater.

Spontaneous calcification of the treated hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has been proven to be a good prognosis predictor in the clinic. In line with this concept, artificially induced biomineralization in the tumor tissue is considered to be an unconventional yet promising therapeutic modality for HCC. However, the limited mineral ions concentration in/around tumor tissue and the modest ion-chelating capabilities of conventional biomineralization initiators often resulted slow biomineralization process and compromised antitumor efficacy. Herein, an in situ biomineralization inducing nanotherapeutic was developed for achieving precise and speedy HCC mineralization block therapy. Specifically, cytomembrane-insertion moiety DSPE-PEG was first conjugated with ion-chelating motif alendronate (ALN) to obtain the chelator DPA. And then, DPA was modified on sorafenib (SF)-loaded acidic tumor microenvironment (TME)-sensitive mesoporous MnCO3 nanoparticles. After intravenous injection into HCC-bearing mice, the SF@MnC@DPA could accumulate in tumor site medicated by EPR effect. Subsequently, SF@MnC@DPA responds to the acidic TME to releases DPA, Mn2+ and SF. Benefiting from the similar chemical structure of DSPE and phospholipid layer, DPA can be easily inserted into the cell membrane, and the bisphosphonic acid group of ALN could bind with the Mn2+ to in situ construct a mineralized barrier around the tumor, thereby achieving synergistic chemotherapy and mineralization block therapy. In vitro and in vivo results demonstrated that SF@MnC@DPA successfully induced the tumor mineralization and sharply inhibited tumor growth for subcutaneous and orthotopic HCC without evidence of systemic side effects. Altogether, the proposed selective biomineralization provides an outlook for a new avenue in HCC therapy and anticancer drug development.

Zinc-anode electrochromic windows capable of actively controlling light and heat transfer on demand, have been emerged as an intriguing technology for indoor thermal management. However, their practical development has been hindered by slow switching speeds, limited cycling stability and unclear operating mechanisms. Herein, we present a high-performance Zn-anode dual-band electrochromic device utilizing tungsten oxide quantum dot (WO3 QD) cathode, and reveal their detailed charge transfer mechanism. This device not only can control the visible light and near-infrared effectively and independently through bright, cool and dark modes, but also shows excellent electrochromic properties with a high optical modulation (78.8% at 633 nm), fast response and long-term cycling stability (92.1% capacity retention after 10,000 cycles). The ultra-small size and large hexagonal tunnel of WO3 QDs notably enhance ion diffusion kinetics and structure stability during cycling. Furthermore, we reveal a synergistic co-insertion mechanism of Zn2+and H+ with a molar ratio of 2:1 in nonaqueous electrolytes. Outdoor tests and simulation results confirm the higher energy-saving performance of our device than the commercial low-emissivity glass in most climate zones around the world. This work paves the way toward designing high-performance electrochromic smart windows for future zero-carbon buildings.

Li-doping has been demonstrated to be effective in enhancing ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties of AgNbO3-based ceramics via promoting antiferroelectric/ferrielectric (AFE/FIE) to ferroelectric (FE) phase transition. In this work, the phase structure, FE properties and piezoelectric properties of (Ag1-xLix)NbO3 ceramics with x = 0.02-0.07 are investigated. (Ag1-xLix)NbO3 ceramics undergo a phase transition from FIE to FE phase as x increases from 0.02 to 0.07 with FIE phase at x = 0.02-0.04, a coexistence of AFE and FE phases at x = 0.05, and FE phase at x = 0.06-0.07 at room temperature. The piezoelectric coefficient (d33) is 74 pC/N in (Ag0.94Li0.06)NbO3 ceramic, and increases to 92 pC/N at FE-AFE phase boundary. The relationship between d33 and phase structure is elucidated via temperature-dependent d33 and dielectric measurements. This work provides further insights into the tunable phase structures of AgNbO3-based ceramics and their potential applications in next-generation multi-sensing devices.

Photocatalysis and piezocatalysis hold great promise for pollutant degradation, yet their practical applications are often limited by poor visible-light utilization and inefficient charge separation. Here, a BaTiO3@TiO2_ x (BT@TiO2_ x) core-shell heterojunction was fabricated through a single-step hydrothermal method using a Ti3+ precursor. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) confirmed the crystalline phases and core-shell architecture, while evidence for oxygen-vacancy-related defects was obtained from X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR). Under simultaneous light irradiation and ultrasonic vibration, BT@TiO2_ x degraded 99.01% of Rhodamine B (RhB) within 80 min. The rate constant (k) was 5.39 & times; 10_2 min_ 1, indicating a 7.8-fold increase over pristine BaTiO3. Oxygen vacancies introduce defect-related states into the TiO2_ x shell lattice, thereby enhancing visible-light absorption and facilitating charge separation. The piezoelectric field of the BaTiO3 core, together with the interfacial electronic configuration at the core-shell interface, promotes charge separation and directional carrier transport. These results suggest that the enhanced catalytic activity can be attributed to the synergistic effects of oxygen-vacancy engineering, interfacial heterojunction formation, and the piezoelectric field of the BaTiO3 core. This work presents an effective approach for designing efficient piezo-photocatalysts for environmental remediation.

The rapid expansion of the low-altitude economy-particularly the development of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and electric aircraft-has intensified the trade-off between flight endurance and payload capacity. Carbon fiber structural supercapacitors (CF-SSCs) offer a promising solution by integrating energy storage into load-bearing components; however, the inherent chemical inertness of carbon fibers restricts device capacitance, and their low-temperature electrochemical behavior remains largely unexplored. Here, we construct an H2V3O8@PPy composite electrode via in situ low-temperature oxidative polymerization. The uniform PPy coating facilitates rapid interfacial kinetics, provides reversible pseudocapacitance, and buffers the volume expansion of the H2V3O8 nanorods. The assembled H2V3O8@PPy@CF-SSC achieves a high specific capacitance of 1082.4 mF g-1 and an energy density of 573.6 mWh kg-1. Crucially, the device maintains 42.1% capacitance retention at -10 degrees C, delivering an energy density of 165 mWh kg-1 surpasses the performance of most previously reported CF-SSCs. Furthermore, the device demonstrates robust mechanical properties, featuring a tensile strength of 126.5 MPa and a tensile modulus of 6.92 GPa. This work fills the gap in low-temperature CF-SSC research and provides guidance for the design of high-energy-density structural energy-storage devices for extreme environments.

Aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) are promising candidates for large-scale energy storage due to high safety and low cost. Among cathode materials, manganese dioxide (MnO2) has attracted considerable attention owing to its high working voltage and specific capacity. However, its poor electrical conductivity and structural instability during repeated charge-discharge processes lead to sluggish reaction kinetics and rapid capacity decay. Herein, a high-performance MnO2/MXene composite cathode is constructed via a facile hydrothermal method. The introduced MXene nanosheets construct a continuous conductive network that enhances electron transport and reduces polarization, thereby accelerating reaction kinetics. The reduced polarization further mitigates structural degradation of γ-MnO2 during repeated Zn2+ insertion/extraction. Meanwhile, the flexible layered MXene effectively accommodates volume variation and preserves electrode integrity, ensuring continuous electron/ion transport pathways. More importantly, these effects are mutually reinforcing, forming a coupled charge-transport and structural stability system that synergistically improves electrochemical performance. As a result, the optimized composite delivers a high discharge capacity of 354 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1 and retains 62.3% capacity after 4000 cycles at 5 A g−1. This work demonstrates that constructing such a coupled conductive-structural system is an effective strategy for enhancing MnO2-based cathodes and provides valuable insights for designing high-performance aqueous zinc-ion batteries.

In-situ collection of vibration mechanical energy induced by transmission lines and the simultaneous realization of self-powered condition monitoring hold practical significance for early fault warning and the long-term stable operation of transmission lines. Herein, a Stockbridge-damper-shaped triboelectric nanogenerator (SD-TENG) is designed and fabricated. Through systematic parameter optimization, the SD-TENG exhibits favorable energy output performance under resonant frequency of 16Hz and vibration amplitude of 3mm, including powering an environmental thermohygrometer continuously and an LED strip with rated power of 20W at intervals of 5s. Furthermore, according to the frequency response characteristics of SD-TENG peak ISC signal, a real-time transmission line vibration frequency monitoring system is established via LabVIEW platform, and high detection accuracy is verified by experimental test. Inspired by the configuration of real Stockbridge damper in power grids, this work offers a derivative structural design that expands the application scope of TENG technology in transmission lines and facilitates the construction of the power Internet of Things.

Lithium recovery with high efficiency from acidic leachates of spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) is critically important for sustainable resource utilization. Electrodialysis (ED) offers a promising, environmentally friendly method for lithium separation and concentration, but the low selectivity of conventional ion-exchange membranes in acidic environments still limits its application. We propose a dual-regulation strategy for pore size and molecular interactions to dynamically control the monomer diffusion and reaction process, aiming to prepare acid-resistant beta-ketoenamine-linked covalent organic framework (COF) membranes with enhanced crystallinity. Carboxylated poly(ether ether ketone) (CPEEK) was synthesized to enhance the uniform distribution of -COOH groups in the substrate membrane at the molecular level, while the porogen content was regulated to control both the pore size and the distribution of functional groups. The porous substrate with uniformly distributed carboxyl functional groups and tunable pore sizes serves as a temporary reservoir for monomers during the unidirectional diffusion process in COF membrane fabrication, enabling dynamic control over the slow and uniform diffusion of the monomers. The optimized M10-COF membrane exhibited an excellent Li+ flux of 2.18 & times; 10-8 mol & centerdot;cm-2 & centerdot;s-1 in simulated acidic leachate system, with Li+/Ni2+, Li+/Co2+, and Li+/Mn2+ selectivities reaching 17.91, 14.76, and 11.83, respectively.

In integrated zinc-ion structural batteries, the design and fabrication of carbon fiber (CF) composite electrodes present considerable work, particularly because CFs exhibit inferior conductivity compared with traditional metal foils, which hinders their use as current collectors. This work employs silver-plated CFs as current collectors for both electrodes in zinc-ion flexible batteries for the first time and achieves electrodes with robust mechanical strength and substantial energy storage performance. For the cathode, commercial V2O5 is coated onto silver-plated CFs, which effectively leverages the electrochemical benefits of vanadium oxides to deliver a high specific capacity of 320 mAh g- 1 and 87% capacity retention after 1500 cycles at 2 A g- 1. On the anode, zinc is electrodeposited onto the CFs, where the silver layer improves deposition efficiency and yields a homogeneous coating. This work demonstrates an optimization strategy for CF composite electrodes, which holds potential value for structural energy storage and flexible electronic device applications.