Genetically modified (GM) maize carrying two insect resistance genes, mCry1Ab and mCry2Ab has benefits for crop production. To adequately evaluate its safety, a one-year feeding study was conducted in wistar rats (n = 120, half male and half female). All the rats were randomized into three groups, GM maize group (GM group, 70% GM maize), a non-GM parental maize control group (NG group, 70% zhengdan 958 maize), and AIN-93 standard diet control group (AIN group). Body weight and food intake were recorded. And blood biochemistry tests were performed at months 3 and 6 and at the end of the trial, respectively, and urine and histopathology were performed at the end of the trial, and metabolites in the terminal serum were also analyzed using untargeted metabolomics. The results showed some differences between the GM group and the NG group or the AIN control group in the results of food consumption and utilization, hematology and urinalysis, blood biochemical parameters, and organ coefficients, but no adverse effects were observed in the histological examinations. Metabolomics analysis showed significant gender differences in metabolites, but no between-group differences were found for the same sex. In conclusion, no chronic toxicity or other unintended adverse effects were found in rats after long-term consumption of GM maize at a high level up to 70%.

OBJECTIVE:This study employed both in vivo and in vitro experimental method to evaluate the antioxidant activity of anthocyanin-transgenic corn. METHODS:In vitro antioxidant capacity was assessed using 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH) and 2, 2'-Azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt(ABTS) radical scavenging assay method. For in vivo experiments, 50 aged female rats(10 months old) were randomly divided into five groups(10 rats per group): aged group, 35% anthocyanin-transgenic corn group, 70% anthocyanin-transgenic corn group, Lycium anthocyanin positive control group, and parental corn group(70% non-GMO corn). An additional 10 young female rats(6-8 weeks old) served as the youth group. Rats in the aged and youth groups were fed AIN-93M standard diet. Rats in the Lycium anthocyanin positive control group received feed containing the same anthocyanin concentration(242 mg/kg) as the 70% anthocyanin-transgenic corn group. After 8 weeks of continuous dietary intervention, rats were euthanized under anesthesia. Whole blood and liver tissue were collected to measure malondialdehyde(MDA) and glutathione(GSH) levels, as well as superoxide dismutase(SOD) activity. RESULTS:DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging assays demonstrated that anthocyanin-transgenic corn exhibits significant radical scavenging activity. The body weight of rats in the young group was significantly lower than that in the aged group(P<0.05). There were no significant differences in body weight between the other groups and the aged group. Compared with the aged group, there were no significant differences in food intake among all groups during the intervention period. Compared with the aged group, 35% anthocyanin-transgenic corn significantly reduced MDA and GSH levels in rats(P<0.01) but had no significant effect on SOD activity. Compared with the aged group, 70% anthocyanin-transgenic corn significantly reduced MDA levels in rats while simultaneously increasing SOD activity and GSH levels(P<0.05). CONCLUSION:In vitro and in vivo studies indicate that anthocyanin-transgenic corn possesses antioxidant properties, providing scientific evidence for its application in health-related fields.

OBJECTIVE To establish and validate a comorbid model of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)and chronic colitis induced by a combination of a high-fat diet(HFD)and dextran sulfate sodium(DSS)in drinking water.METHODS Thirty-six male SD rats were randomly assigned to six groups:control(CON),high-fat diet(HFD,45％energy from fat),1％DSS(DSS1.0),1.5％DSS(DSS1.5),HFD combined with 1％DSS(HFD+DSS1.0),and HFD combined with 1.5％DSS(HFD+DSS1.5).After 8 weeks of feeding,serum,liver,and colon tissues were collected.Lipid profiles,liver function,hepatic oxidative stress levels,colonic mucosal integrity,and inflammatory status were assessed in each group.RESULTS Regarding liver injury,liver wet weight and liver index were significantly higher in the three HFD-fed groups(HFD,HFD+DSS1.0 and HFD+DSS1.5 groups)compared to the CON group.Histopathological scores were elevated,and serum levels of alanine aminotransferase(ALT),aspartate aminotransferase(AST),total cholesterol(TC),triglycerides(TG),and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C)were increased,while high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C)levels were decreased.Moreover,hepatic TC,TG,malondialdehyde(MDA),and protein carbonyl contents were also elevated,and superoxide dismutase(SOD)content was reduced.No significant differences were observed in the aforementioned indices among the three high-fat diet groups,nor were there significant differences between the two DSS-only intervention groups and the CON group.In terms of intestinal injury,compared to the CON group,the HFD+DSS1.5 group exhibited decreased colonic zonula occludens-1(ZO-1)content,alongside increased levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α)and interleukin-6(IL-6),and higher histopathological scores.No statistically significant differences in the relevant indicators were observed among the HFD,DSS1.0,DSS1.5,and HFD+DSS1.0 groups compared to the control group.Furthermore,the TNF-α level in the HFD+DSS1.5 group was higher than that in the DSS1.5 group with the same DSS concentration.Compared to the HFD+DSS1.0 group,the HFD+DSS 1.5 group demonstrated higher levels of TNF-α and IL-6 and a higher intestinal histology score.CONCLUSION An 8-week regimen of a high-fat diet(45％energy from fat)combined with 1.5％DSS in drinking water successfully induced a comorbid liver-intestine disease model in rats.

Background and Objectives: Pro-inflammatory diet and high-fat diet (HFD) often coexist in real-world, but their combined impact on the gut-liver axis and potential nutritional countermeasures remain insufficiently studied. This study aimed to evaluate a pro-inflammatory-high-fat composite dietary pattern on the intestine and liver in the population, and to further evaluate the protective potential of astaxanthin (ATX) in complementary experimental systems. Methods: Data from the NHANES 2005-2010 were used to construct four composite exposure groups based on the dietary inflammation index (DII) and energy from fat. Survey-weighted regression analyses were performed to examine associations with systemic inflammation and liver injury. Interaction and C-reactive protein (CRP)-mediated effect analyses were conducted. Fifty SD rats were randomly divided into control group, model group induced by HFD combined with inflammatory factors, and low-, medium-, and high-dose Haematococcus pluvialis (HP) intervention groups. Serum lipids, liver enzymes, liver and colon pathology, and inflammatory and oxidative markers were measured in rats. In an in vitro organ-on-chip barrier model, the effect of ATX was observed when colonic barrier damage was induced using palmitic acid and lipopolysaccharides. Results: The high DII combined with HFD showed the largest increases in CRP, liver enzymes, and fatty liver index. A synergistic interaction was observed between DII and HFD, with CRP mediating approximately 20% of the effect. In rat model, HP-derived ATX improved the lipid profile, attenuated hepatic steatosis and oxidative damage, and reduced colonic pro-inflammatory cytokines, while restoration of tight junction proteins was limited. In colon organoid model, ATX showed limited efficacy in improving inflammation and barrier function. Conclusions: The pro-inflammatory-high-fat dietary pattern synergistically exacerbates gut-liver dysfunction. HP-derived ATX alleviates metabolic and inflammation-induced enterohepatic comorbidity, but its effect on repairing barrier structure is limited.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the predictive ability of a polygenic risk score(PRS)combined with traditional risk factors for type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)in Chinese adults.METHODS Using data from the"China Adult Chronic Disease and Nutrition Surveillance(2015)"project,we conducted a case-control study comprising 2041 people with T2DM and 1149 healthy adults of same age as control group.Total DNA was extracted from cryopreserved leukocyte samples separated from blood,and genotyping was performed using the Illumina ASA platform.Two PRS models were constructed based on East Asian-specific and trans-ancestry genome-wide association study(GWAS)summary statistics,and their predictive performance was compared.T2DM-related risk factors were selected using forward stepwise regression.The better-performing PRS was then integrated with traditional risk factors into a combined prediction model.The receiver operation curve(ROC)was used to evaluate and compare the predictive performance of models containing traditional factors alone,PRS alone,and the combined model.RESULTS Our analysis revealed that the trans-ancestry GWAS-derived PRS provided more reliable genetic stratification for T2DM risk in this population compared to an East Asian model.Beyond genetic factors,multivariable analysis confirmed significant associations between T2DM incidence and several traditional risk factors,including lipid profiles,blood pressure,urban-rural distribution,education,and drinking status.While models containing only traditional risk factors or PRS alone showed moderate predictive capability(area under the curve(AUC)=0.656 and 0.666,respectively),their integration significantly enhanced performance,elevating the AUC to 0.724.CONCLUSION These findings demonstrate that incorporating a PRS derived from a trans-ancestry GWAS covering extensive SNPs alongside conventional risk factors substantially improves T2DM risk prediction in Chinese adults.

OBJECTIVE:Discussion on the effects of edible oils with different fatty acid compositions on glucose and lipid metabolism in middle-aged and elderly rats under free-feeding conditions with a fat energy ratio of 35%. METHODS:The experiment randomized 50 male rats aged 8-10 months into five groups: a control group(NC, fed AIN93 M diet), a monounsaturated fatty acid(MUFA) group(fed high oleic sunflower oil diet), a polyunsaturated fatty acid(PUFA) group(fed regular sunflower oil diet), an animal-based saturated fatty acid(ASFA) group(fed lard diet), and a vegetable-based saturated fatty acid(VSFA) group(fed coconut oil diet). The rats were fed continuously for 12 weeks. During the experiment, the body weight and food intake of the rats were measured weekly. At the end of the 12th week, an oral glucose tolerance test was performed on the rats. After the experiment, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry(DEXA) was used to measure the body fat and abdominal fat content of the rats. Blood samples were collected from the abdominal aorta for the determination of fasting blood glucose and blood lipid levels. The perirenal fat and epididymal fat of rats were removed and weighed, and the ratios of these fat masses to the body weight were calculated respectively. Additionally, HE staining was used to observe the liver pathological lipids of the rats. RESULTS:Body weight and food intake result showed that compared to the NC group, the total food intake of rats in all four experimental groups decreased. The energy intake of the VSFA group and the energy utilization of the PUFA and VSFA groups increased, with these differences being statistically significant(P<0.05). In terms of blood lipid levels, compared to the NC group, the the triglyceride(TG) level in the MUFA group decreased, while the TG, total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C), nonesterified fatty acid(NEFA)and Non-HDL-C levels in the PUFA group significantly decreased. The HDL-C and NEFA levels in the ASFA group also decreased, and the low density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C) level in the VSFA group significantly decreased, all with statistically significant differences(P<0.01 or P<0.05). In terms of blood glucose levels, the FBG levels of rats in the PUFA and ASFA groups were lower than in the NC group(P<0.05). The perirenal and epididymal fat masses of rats in the MUFA and VSFA groups were higher than those in the control group(P < 0.01, P < 0.05). The perirenal fat mass of rats in the ASFA group was higher than that in the NC group(P<0.05). The abdominal and total body fat content of rats in the MUFA group was significantly higher than in the NC group(P<0.01, P<0.05). Hepatic histopathological result showed that the lipid vacuoles in the liver of the VSFA group were significantly more than in the NC group, while that in the other groups were between the two. CONCLUSION:Under the condition of ad libitum feeding and a fat energy contribution ratio of 35%, PUFA oil are beneficial for improving glucose and lipid metabolism levels, thereby potentially reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease. MUFA oil may lead to an increase in abdominal and overall body fat in rats, ASFA oil may help lower blood glucose levels, while VSFA oil may exacerbate the accumulation of liver fat in rats.

ABSTRACT The herbicide‐tolerant soybean ZH10‐6 was developed by modifying the Zhonghuang 10 (ZH10) variety with the G2‐EPSPS and GAT genes, conferring resistance to glyphosate. This study aimed to assess the potential health effects of ZH10‐6 in Sprague–Dawley rats through a 90‐day subchronic toxicity test. Seven groups of rats ( n = 10/sex/group) were fed a commercial AIN93G diet or diets containing 7.5%, 15%, or 30% ZH10‐6 or ZH10 soybeans. General behavior, body weight, and food consumption were monitored weekly. At the end of the study, clinical pathology, including hematology, serum chemistry, urinalysis, and histopathology, were conducted. Throughout the study, all rats remained healthy and showed no abnormal clinical signs. Although some coagulation and serum biochemistry parameters showed statistical differences between groups, all values fell within the historical control ranges and were considered normal biological variability rather than treatment‐related effects. The results indicate that ZH10‐6 soybean consumption did not cause any adverse health effects in rats. These findings suggest that ZH10‐6 is as safe as its nontransgenic parental variety, ZH10, with no evidence of toxicity after 90 days of exposure.

Background: Both genetics and vitamin D deficiency are associated with childhood obesity. However, the role of vitamin D status between polygenic and childhood obesity has been unknown. The current study aimed to determine the relation between genetic factors, vitamin D status, and BMI-for-age z score (zBMI) in Chinese preschool children. Methods: A total of 1046 participants aged 3.7 to 6.6 years old from the Long-term Health Effects Assessment Project of Infants and Toddlers Nutritional Pack (LHEAPITNP) were included in this study. The polygenic risk score (PRS) was established based on 55 BMI-related single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) derived from a published genome-wide association study (GWAS) for BMI. Serum 25(OH)D was used as an index of vitamin D status and measured with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS-MS) assay. The Wilcoxon test or Kruskal–Wallis test was used to compare the differences of variables between different groups and Spearman correlation analysis was used for analyzing the correlations between the PRS, 25(OH)D levels, and zBMI. Results: The PRS showed a positive relation to zBMI (rs = 0.0953, p = 0.0022) and 25(OH)D showed a negative relation to zBMI (rs = −0.1082, p = 0.0005) in the full-adjustment model. In addition, the differences in zBMI at different vitamin D statuses in the low-risk PRS group and the intermediate-risk PRS group were both statistically significant (plow = 0.0308, pintermediate = 0.0121), the median zBMI was both higher at vitamin D insufficiency status. And the difference in zBMI between different genetic risk groups was also statistically significant at vitamin D sufficiency status (p = 0.0077). Furthermore, genetic risk showed a positive relation to zBMI at vitamin D sufficiency status, and the p for trend was 0.0028. Conclusions: Our findings suggested that vitamin D was related to zBMI negatively in Chinese preschoolers and maintaining adequate vitamin D levels may only contribute to lower the zBMI in preschoolers with low and intermediate genetic susceptibility.

Background: Providing early nutritional support through Ying Yang Bao (YYB) can assist children in achieving their full developmental potential. We aimed to examine the lasting impact of YYB and how growth affects neurodevelopment in preschool children. Methods: 1104 children aged 1 year were divided into a YYB control group (YYB-CG) and a YYB intervention group (YYB-IG). Information on basic characteristics, anthropometric measurements, dietary status, YYB consumption, and neurodevelopment for these children was taken annually from 2018 to 2022 until they reached 5 years old. Confounders were well balanced using propensity score matching (PSM), and then 474 pairs of children were included in subsequent analyses. The comparison between groups was performed using t-tests or chi-square analyses. Linear regressions were used to examine the independent associations between children’s dimensions (Z-score for weight relative to age [WAZ], Z-score for height relative to age [HAZ], Z-score for body mass index by age [BAZ], and conditional measures of height- and weight-based growth) and neurodevelopment. Results: Children in the YYB-IG had higher scores in the mental index (MI), the developmental quotient (DQ), height, and BAZ (p < 0.05) and had a lower risk of stunting. Accelerated weight gain from ages 1 to 5 (β (95% confidence interval [CI]): 0.26 (0.08–0.45)) and increased height gain during this period (β (95% CI): 0.68 (0.14–1.23)) were associated with greater MI. A higher WAZ was linked to increased MI at 1 year (β (95% CI): 0.89 (0.09–1.68)), 2 years (β (95% CI): 0.99 (0.20–1.78)), 3 years (β (95% CI): 0.92 (0.15–1.69)), 4 years (β (95% CI): 0.88 (0.09–1.68)), and 5 years of age (β (95% CI): 1.01 (0.28–1.74)). An increased HAZ corresponded with a higher MI score at ages 1 year (β (95% CI): 1.47 (0.75–2.20)), 2 years (β (95% CI): 1.25 (0.49–2.02)), 3 years (β (95% CI): 1.11 (0.31–1.90)), 4 years (β (95% CI): 0.93 (0.12–1.74)), and 5 years old (β (95% CI): 1.17 (0.43–1.90)); higher DQ levels were also recorded at 1 year (β (95% CI): 0.82 (0.10–1.55)) and 5 years of age (β (95% CI): 0.79 (0.06–1.51)). Conclusions: YYB can improve specific areas of neurodevelopment and growth in preschool children. Additionally, children’s linear growth is positively linked to neurodevelopment in those of preschool age.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the association of polymorphisms in SEC16B rs633715, DNAJC27 rs713586, FTO rs11642015 and MC4R rs6567160 with overweight and obesity in Han Chinese preschool children.METHODS:A total of 749 Han Chinese preschool children from Henan and Guizhou Province of Long-term Health Effects Assessment Project of Infants and Toddlers Nutritional Pack were selected for the study and divided into an overweight and obese group and a normal control group in 2022. rs633715, rs713586, rs11642015 and rs6567160 were genotyped using Kompetitive allele-specific PCR(KASP) technology. The distribution of genotypic polymorphisms was compared using the χ~2 test. The association between the four loci and overweight and obesity in preschool children was analyzed using a multifactorial logistic regression model.RESULTS:The statistical analysis revealed a significant disparity(P&lt;0.05) in the distribution of genotypic polymorphisms of rs633715 and rs6567160 among preschoolers in Henan and Guizhou Province. CC heterozygous mutant and recessive models at rs633715 locus were associated with susceptibility to overweight and obesity in preschool children [OR and 95% CI 2.915(1.163-7.305), and 2.997(1.226-7.323), respectively, both P&lt;0.05]. TC heterozygous mutant and dominant models at rs713586 locus were also associated susceptibility to overweight and obesity in preschool children(OR and 95% CI were 2.362(1.054-5.289)and 2.362(1.054-5.289), respectively, both P&lt;0.05). rs11642015 and rs6567160 loci were not associated with susceptibility to overweight and obesity in preschool children(P&gt;0.05). The result of the analysis of the cumulative effect of rs633715 and rs713586 showed that the number of genotypes carrying the risk genotype was positively associated with the risk of overweight and obesity in preschool children(P_(trend)&lt;0.01).CONCLUSION:Among Han Chinese preschool children, SEC16B rs633715 and DNAJC27 rs713586 were associated with susceptibility to overweight and obesity in preschool children. Moreover, rs633715 and rs713586 had a cumulative effect on susceptibility to overweight and obesity in preschool children, the number of risk genotypes carried was positively associated with childhood overweight and obesity risk.

Anemia, a global public health problem, has significant adverse consequences on the cognitive development of children and the work capacity of adults; affecting social and economic development.Globally, roughly 43% of children under five years of age, 38% of pregnant women, and 29% of nonpregnant women had anemia. Anemia during pregnancy significantly increases the risk of low birth weight and preterm birth. A 10 g/L increase in hemoglobin has been estimated to decrease the risk of maternal and perinatal mortality by 29% and 28%,

The transgenic maize DBN9936 × DBN9501, which confers resistance to insects and tolerance to herbicides, was developed via conventional cross breeding of transgenic maize DBN9936 and DBN9501. In our present study, a 90-day feeding toxicity study was conducted on Sprague Dawley rats to evaluate the safety of the maize. A total of 140 rats were randomly assigned to seven groups (n = 10/sex/group): one control group, three genetically modified (GM) groups with 17.5%, 35%, and 70% (wt/wt) GM maize, respectively, and three non-GM groups with corresponding incorporation rate of parental maize DBN318. The rats of control group were fed with AIN93G diet. The parameters including body weights, food consumption, hematology, serum biochemistry, organ weights, and histopathology were examined during the course of the study. Compared with the non-GM group or AIN93G control group, minor statistical differences were observed for some parameters in some groups, yet none of them was considered a GM-related adverse effect. In conclusion, the results demonstrated that no adverse effect was observed on rats following 90 days feeding with diet containing up to 70% GM maize. The results indicated that stacked maize DBN9936 × DBN9501 was as safe as its parental DBN318 maize.

Objective The purpose of this study was to assess the safety of transgenic maize CC-2 through a 90-day feeding study in Sprague-Dawley rats.Methods Transgenic maize CC-2 and its parental counterpart maize Zhengdan 958 were respectively incorporated into diets at levels of 70%, 35% or 17.5% (w/w) and were administrated to rats (n = 10/sex/group) for 90 days. An additional control group of rats (n = 10/sex/group) were fed with the AIN93 breeding diet. All formulated diets were nutritionally balanced.Results There was no death and obvious toxic symptom in all rats. Food consumption, body weight, total food consumption rate, hematology, urinalysis, organ weight and organ coefficient were comparable between transgenic groups and the corresponding dose parental groups. There were significant differences of food consumption rate on some timepoint between high dose transgenic group and high dose parental group; male rats in high dose transgenic group showed significantly higher ALT/AST than high dose parental group on the middle or end of the experiment; but the differences showed no biological significance. There were no significant differences of other serum biochemistry parameters and pathological changes.Conclusion The results in this study demonstrated that the transgenic maize CC-2 didn't cause any related toxicity in rats.

Hyperlipidemia is a medical condition characterized by elevated levels of blood lipids, especially triglycerides (TG). However, it remains unclear whether TG levels remain consistently elevated throughout the entire developmental stage of the high-lipid state. In our animal experiment, we found that TG levels were significantly higher in the early stage of the high-lipid model but significantly decreased at the 14th week of the late stage, reaching levels similar to those of the control group. This suggests that TG levels in the high-lipid model are not always higher than those of the control group. To determine the reason for this observation, we used in situ mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) to detect the distribution of metabolites in the liver of rats. The metabolite distribution of the control rats at different stages was significantly different from that of the model rats, and the high-lipid model differed significantly from the control rats. We identified nine functional metabolites that showed differences throughout the period, namely, PA(20:3-OH/i-21:0), PA(20:4-OH/22:6), PG(20:5-OH/i-16:0), PG(22:6-2OH/i-13:0), PG(O-18:0/20:4), PGP(18:3-OH/i-12:0), PGP(PGJ2/i-15:0), SM(d18:0/18:1-2OH), and TG(14:0/14:0/16:0), among which TG was most significantly correlated with hyperlipidemia and high lipid. This study is unique in that it used MSI to reveal the changes in metabolites in situ, showing the distribution of different metabolites or the same metabolite in liver tissue. The findings highlight the importance of considering the animal’s age when using TG as a biomarker for hyperlipidemia. Additionally, the MSI images of the liver in the high-lipid model clearly indicated the distribution and differences of more significant metabolites, providing valuable data for further research into new biomarkers and mechanisms of hyperlipidemia. This new pathway of in situ, visualized, and data-rich metabolomics research provides a more comprehensive understanding of the characteristics of high lipid and its implications for disease prevention and treatment.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the repairing effect of Lactobacillus acidophilus LA11-Only on ceftriaxone induced intestinal micronbiota imbalance in mice and its alleviating effect on lipid metabolism.METHODS:A total of 30 SPF BALB/c male mice were randomly divided into control group(10) and model group(20). The model group was given ceftriaxone sodium solution by gavage for a week to create a mouse model of antibiotic flora disorder. The natural recovery group(10) was given 10% skimmed milk solution by gavage, and the LA11-Onlly group was given Lactobacillus acidophilus skimmed milk solution(1.0×10~9CFU/mL). Two weeks later, the feces were collected aseptically.16S rRNA sequencing technology and ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography combined with mass spectrometry(UPLC-MS) were used to analyze the repair effect of LA11-Onlly on antibiotic induced bacterial flora disorder and lipid metabolism in mice.RESULTS:After ceftriaxone treatment, the diversity of intestinal microbiota in mice decreased, and there was a significant difference in the composition of flora compared with the control group; After treatment with LA11-Onlly, the Alpha diversity increased, the abundance of beneficial bacteria such as Lactobacillus and Butyricicoccus increased, and the composition of flora was closer to the control group; At the same time, the concentration of short chain fatty acids(SCFAs) increased in varying degrees. Compared with the natural recovery group, the levels of butyric acid and valeric acid in LA11-Onlly group increased significantly, close to the same level as the control group.CONCLUSION:Lactobacillus acidophilus LA11-Onlly probiotics can inhibit the growth of harmful bacteria by regulating the diversity and community composition of intestinal microbiota, promote the increase of the concentration of SCFAs, and alleviate the damage of antibiotics to the body.

目的:分析比较3个不同产地抗虫耐除草剂玉米DBN9936xDBN9501和亲本玉米DBN318的营养成分和抗营养成分.方法:对3个产地抗虫耐除草剂玉米DBN9936×DBN9501和亲本玉米DBN318的营养成分(水分、灰分、蛋白质、脂肪、碳水化合物、粗纤维、能量、脂肪酸、矿物质、维生素、氨基酸)和抗营养成分(植酸、棉子糖)进行检测和分析.结果:2018北京产转基因玉米泛酸、锌、硒、硬酯酸含量高于亲本玉米;2017北京产转基因玉米磷、钙、铜、铁、锰、锌、硒含量高于亲本玉米,棕榈油酸含量低于亲本玉米;2018三亚产转基因玉米泛酸、铁含量高于亲本玉米,珠光脂酸、精氨酸含量低于亲本玉米.但上述各营养素含量差异为个别产地、个别营养成分转基因玉米与亲本玉米营养成分的差异,3个产地营养素含量差异无一致性规律.另外,上述营养素含量基本在OECD或ILSI给出的参考范围内,因此认为上述差异属于自然波动.其余各营养成分转基因玉米和亲本玉米相比均无显著性差异.抗营养成分检测结果显示,2017北京产转基因玉米的植酸含量高于亲本玉米,2017北京产和2018三亚产转基因玉米的棉子糖含量低于亲本玉米,但3个产地之间无一致性规律,且上述抗营养成分含量均在ILSI或OECD的参考范围内,属于自然波动.结论:抗虫耐除草剂玉米DBN9936 xDBN9501和亲本玉米DBN318在营养成分和抗营养成分上具有实质等同性.

Background Data from the 2010–2012 Chinese National Nutrition and Health Survey showed that the vast majority of postmenopausal women in China had dual deficiencies in calcium and estrogen. Objective This study aimed to clarify whether calcium supplementation alleviated bone loss caused by calcium restriction combined with estrogen deficiency in rats. Methods Forty-eight female rats aged 9 weeks were assigned to 4 groups and fed a low-calcium diet: sham-operated (SHAM-LC), ovariectomized (OVX-LC), and ovariectomized rats treated with 750 mg/kg (OVX-LC-M) or 2800 mg/kg CaCO 3 (OVX-LC-H). CaCO 3 or distilled water was administered orally for 13 weeks. Bone mineral density (BMD) and histomorphometry of the femur, serum biochemical parameters, and serum metabolites were analyzed. Results The OVX-LC rats showed a significant increase in body weight and serum levels of lipid markers, a significant decrease in serum estradiol, calcium, phosphorus, and 25(OH)D levels, and deterioration of the femur. At 750 mg/kg and 2800 mg/kg, CaCO 3 reduced the deterioration of trabecular bone and increased the trabecular area percentage (Tb.Ar %) and BMD of the femur. Serum estradiol levels increased in a dose-dependent manner after CaCO 3 supplementation ( p < 0.01). The administration of 2800 mg/kg CaCO 3 decreased serum triglyceride and high-density lipoprotein levels ( p < 0.05) and decreased the levels of the bone turnover markers osteocalcin, N-telopeptide of type I collagen and β-crosslaps. The results of the metabolomics analysis showed that the glycerophospholipid metabolism pathway was closely related to calcium supplementation, and more DG (44:6 n3), LysoPC (22:2) and PE (P-34:3) and less Cer (d43:0) and PE-NMe2 (46:3) were produced. Conclusions The results clearly indicated that calcium supplementation was beneficial for decreasing bone loss in OVX-LC rats. The present study is the first to show that calcium supplementation increased the estradiol content in OVX-LC rats, and the effect of calcium on bone loss may be partially attributed to the increase in the estrogen level that subsequently induced the changes in metabolite levels, eventually increasing the bone mineral density to a relatively higher level to reduce bone deterioration.

OBJECTIVE:To study the effect of calcium content on bone mineral density and intestinal microbiota in ovariectomized rats.METHODS:A total of 30 Wistar rats were randomly divided into 3 groups, namely the sham operation group, the model group and the calcium carbonate supplement group. Postmenopausal osteoporosis rats were established by ovariectomy(OVX). After the first week of modeling, each group was intragastric separately. The calcium carbonate solution was given to the calcium carbonate supplement group, and the same amount of sterile water was given to the other two groups. The animals were executed at the end of the 12 weeks. Left femur was taken and bone mineral density(BMD) was detected by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. The total DNA of fecal samples was aseptically extracted and the Illumina Miseq platform was to carry out high-throughput sequencing.RESULTS:Compared with the sham operation group, the body mass increment of rats in the model group was significantly increased, the level of BMD was significantly reduced(P&lt;0. 05), the intestinal microbiota diversity was not significantly changed, the Firmicutes abundance was decreased, and the Bacteroidetes abundance was increased. Compared with the model group, the body mass increment of rats in the calcium carbonate supplementation group was significantly reduced and BMD was significantly increased(P&lt;0. 05). There was no significant change in the intestinal microbiota diversity, Firmicutes were increased, and Bacteroidetes were decreased.CONCLUSION:Calcium supplementation can improve bone mineral density and inhibit the increase of body mass during the experiment period, and its mechanism may be related to regulating the structure of intestinal microbiota.

目的:比较北京、石家庄、三亚三个产地的耐除草剂转基因大豆ZH10-6和亲本大豆中黄10的营养成分.方法:对三产地耐除草剂转基因大豆ZH10-6和亲本大豆中黄10的营养成分:水分、灰分、蛋白质、脂肪、膳食纤维、氨基酸、维生素、矿物质、脂肪酸等进行检测和分析.结果:三产地转基因大豆的钙、钾、叶酸含量高于亲本大豆,但均在ILSI推荐的参考范围内;个别产地、个别营养成分转基因大豆与亲本大豆营养成分存在差异,但属于自然变异;其余各营养成分转基因大豆和亲本大豆之间均无显著性差异.结论:耐除草剂转基因大豆ZH10-6和亲本大豆中黄10在营养成分上具有实质等同性.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the potential allergenicity of oryza sativa recombinant human serum albumin(OsrHSA)in BALB/c mice. METHODS:Eighty BALB/c mice were randomly divided into four groups i. e ovalbumin(OVA) positive control group, potato acid phosphatase(PAP) negative control group, Oryza sativa recombinant HAS(OsrHSA) group and solvent control group(phosphate buffer saline, PBS), respectively. Mice were administered by intraperitoneal injections of tested proteins and histamine levels in plasma and sIgE, sIgG, sIgG1, sIgG2 a, and tIgE antibody levels in serum were measured. RESULTS:Compared with the other groups, serum tIgE, sIgE, sIgG, sIgG1 and plasma histamine levels in the OVA group were significantly increased, while serum sIgG2 a levels were decreased(P&lt;0. 05). There was no significant difference in serum sIgE level and histamine level between the OsrHSA group and the control group(P&gt;0. 05). Serum sIgG, sIgG1 and sIgG2 a levels were lower than those in the PAP group(P&lt;0. 05). There was no significant difference in serum tIgE content between PAP group and OsrHSA group(P&gt;0. 05). CONCLUSION:The potential allergenicity of OsrHSA through traperitioneal injection in BALB/c mice was very low.