A composite adsorbent was synthesized by immobilizing ferric oxide or three different iron oxides into alginate beads (HFOAB) for the removal of arsenate [As(V)] and heavy metals from aqueous phase.Sorption studies were conducted on single and binary sorbate systems, and the effects of contact time, initial adsorbate concentration, and pH on adsorption performance of HFOAB were monitored.The sorption process for As(V) and Cu(II) reached an equilibrium state within 240 h and 24 h.The maximum sorption capacity of As(V) was 13.8 mg g -1 after 168 h.The effect of arsenic species on Cu(II) sorption was insignificant.The adsorption of As(III), As(V), and Cu(II) followed pseudo second order kinetics.Kinetic studies showed that adsorption process reached equilibrium within 8 h at an initial concentration of 10 mg/L.Pb(II) and Cd(II) showed a greater sorption capacity on NCBs, which might be due to sorption sites provided by the immobilized GNC.The sorption affinity of divalent metal ions on NCB was in the following order: Pb=Cu=Cd >Zn=Ni> Co>Mn.The study demonstrates that the synthesized sorbent could be useful for the simultaneous removal of both anionic and cationic contaminants from wastewater.

For application in small-scale water facilities, important boundary conditions for decentralized systems include low costs, low maintenance, sustainability.Although some low-cost systems are available, their application is limited by time-consuming daily operation and maintenance.On the other hand, membrane systems are attractive since they provide an absolute barrier for organic compounds and remove turbidity.Accordingly, we developed the membrane based water treatment package system for small-scale water supply facilities, and its applicability was examined.The decentralized water treatment package system consisted of DMF, UF, and UV unit.Each unit combination was made to ensure the processing capacity of 100 m 3 per day.In addition, a decentralized water treatment package system was manufactured using 10ft containers compliant with IOS standards due to limitation of grounds at small-scale water supply facility.In case of small-town in Korea, underground water is mainly used as raw water.Therefore, this package system was installed and operated at the upper region of the ANDONG in Korea.Four items including temperature, pH, conductivity, turbidity were monitored to analyze underground water quality.In addition, the water treated by the system was analyzed to identify whether it satisfies drinking water quality standards.After the examination of applicability, on the basis of water usage per capita per day, the system was able to produce enough water for 300 people.During the operation, the produced water satisfied all 48 items of drinking water quality standards.Thus it is surmised that the system could be used for small-scale water supply facilities.

As of the end of 2013, the population using the facilities other than the municipal water service includes 943,000 people using the village waterworks (42.5%), 472,000 people using the small-sized water supply systems (21.3%), 143,000 people using the exclusive waterworks (6.5%), and 659,000 people using well and other means(29.7%). Currently, the dependency on small-sized water supply systems is very high in small cities and rural areas which have relatively low distribution of waterworks compared to metropolitan areas, and 80 to 150 units are installed and operated in each region. Although the smallsized water supply system should be systematically managed as there were 18,383 of them as of 2013, they are mostly managed by the village residents themselves, and only 7.3% of them are equipped with the water purification system such as slow sand filtration and membrane filtration. [1] Therefore, the water purification system to actively cope with pollution of raw water and unmanned management through remote control and other means are needed. This study intended to develop and apply the remote monitoring system to integrate the smaller scale waterworks in order to stabilize the water quality.

Mobile water treatment package system comprises an alternative for stable emergency water supply in response to various situations. This study is aimed at developing technologies to ensure mobility by simplifying process configuration and realizing modularization of various process technologies. Based on the various combinations of unit processes, they were presented according to each treatment process, indicating the possibility of achieving the water quality objectives. Water treatment unit processes were established by setting water quality objectives. Four kinds of water treatment process combinations were proposed based on the classification of water treatment unit process into pre-treatment or primary treatment (filtration using PCF, MF, RO), and posttreatment (filtration process using AC and disinfection process using UV). Each process combination was made to ensure the processing capacity of 30 m/day. In addition, a mobile water treatment package system was manufactured using two 20ft containers compliant with IOS standards for increased mobility. In this study, the removal efficiency and power consumption of each process combination was assessed by installing a mobile water treatment package system. Based on the operation results of the mobile water treatment package system, reviews are being made on advancing the module to maximize performance of the mobile water treatment package system.

In recent years there have been large increases in the hydraulic loading rates used to design dissolved air flotation (DAF) facilities for drinking water applications. High rate DAF processes are now available at loading rates of 20 to 40 m 3 /m 2 ∙h. The objective of the present work is to develop commercialization technology on physical process for algae removal in water treatment plant. During the service period of 2016.05 to 20163 06, DAF pilot plants (500 ton/day) process has shown a constantly sound performance for the treatment of raw water, yielding a significantly low level of turbidity (DAF treated water, 0.21~1.56 NTU). The simultaneous removal of inorganic and algae particles is frequently required during the rainy season in Korea. Although the DAF process has been successfully applied to the treatment of algaeladen water with low turbidity, it has been reported that inorganic particles caused by rainfall could highly affect flotation efficiency. A case study was carried out to evaluate the dissolved air flotation (DAF) pilot plants (500 ton/day) process installed in the YC-WTP. The DAF process revealed a sound performance for the treatment of turbid water (turbidity= 5.8~12.1 NTU) caused by source water (YC Lake) for the YC-WTP. This study evaluated several integration of a DAF combining with granular activated carbon (GAC). In order to select the best position of the GAC process, pilot plants experiments were performed using several water samples, such as raw water, coagulated water and DAF treated water collected from YC-WPT.