New development paradigms come and go, seemingly with increasing rapidity, yet poverty remains the scourge of the developing nations. As we enter the new millennium, we fear that still more development fads and fancies will emerge, to be taken up and then dropped by the development community. These swings in fashion bring with them the danger that the ‘basics’ of effective development strategies for poverty reduction will be neglected. In this article, we advance some personal and perhaps controversial views about the virtues of getting agriculture moving as a means of reducing poverty, and about the role that agricultural economists can and should play in that endeavour.

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.

Baccatin III forms crystalline complexes 4 and 5 with imidazole and 2-propanol, respectively. These compounds are useful in the purification of baccatin III from mixtures of taxanes derived from plant-cell fermentation.

The anticancer drug etoposide, 1, is prepared in 79% overall yield from readily available 4'-demethyl-4-epipodophyllotoxin, 3, and 4, 6-O-ethylidene-2,3-O-dibenzyl-D-glucose, 4, via a crystallization-induced stereoselective glycosidation reaction followed by catalytic hydrogenation.

The prodrug etoposide phosphate 2 is synthesized efficiently in three steps in 54.6% overall yield from 4‘-demethylepipodophyllotoxin 3. The strategy pursued in the synthesis of 2 places the phosphate on 3 prior to coupling with the sugar and employs benzyl ether-protecting groups on both the phosphate and the sugar, allowing easy removal in one step. The importance of solvent, steric effects, and electronic effects in the coupling reaction is demonstrated. Two features of the synthesis are an unusual thermal anomerization of the carbohydrate component 5a and completely diastereoselective, one-pot crystallization of the coupled product 6a-β. The process has been demonstrated on multi-kilogram scale.

Australian Journal of Agricultural and Resource EconomicsVolume 42, Issue 2 p. 191-197 Free Access Obituary Fred Henry George Gruen 1921–1997 John L. Dillon, John L. Dillon University of New England,Search for more papers by this authorAlan A. Powell, Alan A. Powell Monash University, AustraliaSearch for more papers by this author John L. Dillon, John L. Dillon University of New England,Search for more papers by this authorAlan A. Powell, Alan A. Powell Monash University, AustraliaSearch for more papers by this author First published: 18 December 2002 https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8489.00044AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Volume42, Issue2June 1998Pages 191-197 RelatedInformation

Didehydrodideoxyadenosine 2 is a key intermediate in the synthesis of the AIDS drug dideoxyinosine. An improved method for the preparation of this compound using in situ activated zinc-copper couple is described.

A chiral synthesis of d-Sotalol was developed starting from commercially available 4'-(chloroacetyl)methanesulfonanilide (2).

Dichlorocyclobutenones 1a and 1c were exploited in the synthesis of unsaturated lactones 9 and 10 via intramolecular entrapment of a vinylketene with an alcohol. In contrast, thermolysis of dichlorocyclobutenones 1b or 1d in methanol led to unsaturated ketone 14 through deprotection, intramolecular Michael addition of the alcohol to the cyclobutenone and torquoselective ring opening.

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.

Phosphorylation of phenols with dibenzyl phosphite, carbon tetrachloride, N,N-diisopropylethylamine, and catalytic DMAP in acetonitrile at -10 degrees C is rapid, mild, clean, high yielding, and selective.

Asymmetric synthesis of d-Sotalol (2) was accomplished by chiral homogenous hydrogenation of (4-isopropylaminoacetyl)methane-sulfonanilide hydrochloride (1).

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.

A convenient, high-yielding procedure has been developed for the kilogram-scale synthesis of (±)-cis-3-acetoxy-4-phenylazetidin-2-one (3), a β-lactam that has been used in the semi-synthesis of Taxol®. The Staudinger reaction between hydrobenzamide (5) and acetoxyacetyl chloride in the presence of a base provided the α-benzylideneiminotoluene protected β-lactam 8. Without isolation of the intermediate β-lactam, the protecting group was removed under various reductive or hydrolytic conditions. The overall yields were about 80%. The synthesis of other (±)-cis-4-aryl- and 4-heteroarylazetidin-2-ones by this methodology has also been accomplished. These compounds are of value for the synthesis of 3′-Taxol® side-chain analogs and their preparation demonstrates the generality of this approach.

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.