Fast semiconductor switches in modern electric drive systems contribute to increased overall system efficiency. However, rapid voltage transitions, dv/dt’s, can lead to overvoltage, bearing currents, and electromagnetic interference (EMI). A second-order low-pass LC filter can reduce the dv/dt’s but will introduce overvoltage on the motor phase due to resonance. This paper presents an experimental hardware implementation to mitigate this phenomenon by the use of a PWM strategy and a control algorithm. The PWM strategy aims to suppress LC filter resonance by inserting additional pulses at the rising and falling edges of the PWM waveform, while the control algorithm determines the optimal switching instants for these pulses. The control algorithm reduced resonance, but small residual oscillations persisted, which became more noticeable with system variations. Nevertheless, experimental results demonstrated that the PWM strategy successfully suppressed resonance, thereby confirming the effectiveness of the hardware setup.

The use of inverter-based motor controllers that can generate fast voltage level transitions is increasing in the field of electric drive systems because of their ability to achieve higher efficiency. However, the fast voltage transitions, dv/dt's, are prone to generate bearing currents and cause overvoltages that may harm the electric motor. An LC filter applied between the inverter and the motor terminals can reduce the dv/dt's. However, the LC filter will cause overvoltage due to resonance but this can be overcome by introducing an extra pulse at each pulse-width modulation (PWM) transition. The timing of this extra pulse is crucial for suppressing the resonance, but due to nonlinearities in a real system, the time instants may vary over time and are thus in need of control. In this study, an analytical expression for the optimal pulse location and duration is derived and we propose a control algorithm that continuously calculates the optimal pulse switch time instants based on the measured output voltage. The control algorithm can handle sudden system disturbances and a Monte Carlo simulation is performed to evaluate the performance of the algorithm. This hybrid filter successfully reduces dv/dt's at the motor terminals while simultaneously eliminating overvoltages due to the filter resonance.

This paper presents a theory for the power transfer efficiency of printed circuit board coils to integrated circuit coils, with focus on load-dependence for low-power single-chip systems. The theory is verified with electromagnetic simulations modelled on a 350 nm CMOS process which in turn are verified by measurements on manufactured integrated circuits. The power transfer efficiency is evaluated by on-chip rectification of a 151 MHz signal transmitted by a spiral coil on a printed circuit board at 10 mm of separation to an on-chip coil. Such an approach avoids the influence of off-chip parasitic elements such as bond wires, which would reduce the accuracy of the evaluation. It is found that there is a lower limit for the load below which reducing the power consumption of on-chip circuits yield no increase in voltage generated at the load. For the examined process technology, this limit appears to lie around 56 k $$\Omega$$ . The paper is focused on the analysis and verification of the theory behind this limit. We relate the results presented in this work to the application of wireless single-chip temperature monitoring of power semiconductors and conclude that such a system would be compatible with this limit.

The first measurement of the dependence of $\\gamma\\gamma \\to \\mu^{+}\\mu^{-}$ production on the multiplicity of neutrons emitted very close to the beam direction in ultraperipheral heavy ion collisions is reported. Data for lead-lead interactions at $\\sqrt{s_\\mathrm{NN}} =$ 5.02 TeV, with an integrated luminosity of approximately 1.5 nb$^{-1}$, were collected using the CMS detector at the LHC. The azimuthal correlations between the two muons in the invariant mass region 8 $\\lt m_{\\mu\\mu} \\lt$ 60 GeV are extracted for events including zero, one, or at least two neutrons detected in the forward pseudorapidity range $|\\eta| \\lt$ 8.3. The back-to-back correlation structure from leading-order photon-photon scattering is found to be significantly broader for events with a larger number of emitted neutrons from each nucleus, corresponding to interactions with a smaller impact parameter. This observation provides a data-driven demonstration that the average transverse momentum of photons emitted from relativistic heavy ions has an impact parameter dependence. These results provide new constraints on models of photon-induced interactions in ultraperipheral collisions. They also provide a baseline to search for possible final-state effects on lepton pairs caused by traversing a quark-gluon plasma produced in hadronic heavy ion collisions.

Results of the Model Unspecific Search in CMS (MUSiC), using proton-proton collision data recorded at the LHC at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb$^{-1}$, are presented. The MUSiC analysis searches for anomalies that could be signatures of physics beyond the standard model. The analysis is based on the comparison of observed data with the standard model prediction, as determined from simulation, in several hundred final states and multiple kinematic distributions. Events containing at least one electron or muon are classified based on their final state topology, and an automated search algorithm surveys the observed data for deviations from the prediction. The sensitivity of the search is validated using multiple methods. No significant deviations from the predictions have been observed. For a wide range of final state topologies, agreement is found between the data and the standard model simulation. This analysis complements dedicated search analyses by significantly expanding the range of final states covered using a model independent approach with the largest data set to date to probe phase space regions beyond the reach of previous general searches.

Combined measurements of the production and decay rates of the Higgs boson, as well as its couplings to vector bosons and fermions, are presented. The analysis uses the LHC proton-proton collision data set recorded with the CMS detector in 2016 at $\sqrt{s} =$ 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb$^{-1}$. The combination is based on analyses targeting the five main Higgs boson production mechanisms (gluon fusion, vector boson fusion, and associated production with a W or Z boson, or a top quark-antiquark pair) and the following decay modes: H $\to$ $\gamma\gamma$, ZZ, WW, $\tau\tau$, bb, and $\mu\mu$. Searches for invisible Higgs boson decays are also considered. The best-fit ratio of the signal yield to the standard model expectation is measured to be $\mu$ $=$ 1.17 $\pm$ 0.10, assuming a Higgs boson mass of 125.09 GeV. Additional results are given for parametrizations with varying assumptions on the scaling behavior of the different production and decay modes, including generic ones based on ratios of cross sections and branching fractions or coupling modifiers. The results are compatible with the standard model predictions in all parametrizations considered. In addition, constraints are placed on various two Higgs doublet models.

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The use of a bent crystal was investigated in order to reduce the losses at the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) electrostatic septum (ZS) during the slow extraction of 400 GeV/c protons toward the North Area. The crystal, installed a few meters upstream of the ZS, bends protons that would otherwise impinge on the ZS wires. Since particle deflection with good efficiency is achieved only when the crystal lattice is aligned within 10 μrad to the trajectory of the incoming particles (at p = 400 GeV/c), a compact goniometer was built to allow the correct angular alignment of the crystal with a precision of a few μrad. In this paper, we report on the crystal features measured during a dedicated beam test by the UA9 experimental installation in the CERN H8 beam line. Details of the goniometer and its installation are also reported. The first results achieved during dedicated Machine Development (MD) sessions are finally presented.

This paper presents a circuit for realising a fuse-programmable capacitor on-chip. The trimming mechanism is implemented using integrated circuit fuses which can be blown in order to lower the resulting equivalent capacitance. However, for integrated circuits, the non-zero fuse resistance for active fuses and finite fuse resistance for blown fuses limit the Q factor of the resulting capacitor. In this work, we present a method on how to arrange the fuses in order to achieve maximal worst-case Q factor for the given circuit topology given the process parameters and requirements on capacitance. We also analyse and discuss the accuracy and limitations of the topology with regard to fuse resistance and parasitic elements such as bond pads.

This paper presents electromagnetic simulations of a wireless power transfer system suitable for a monitoring system for detection of solder fatigue in power semiconductor modules. Power is provided wirelessly from a printed spiral coil on a printed circuit board to a silicon chip with an on-chip coil. We use and adapt a known gradient-ascent-based optimization algorithm to obtain suitable coil geometries. For a frequency of 433 MHz, the simulations show an efficiency of -33.9 dB which we conclude is sufficient for the proposed monitoring system.

The CBC3 is the latest version of the CMS Binary Chip ASIC for readout of the outer radial region of the upgraded CMS Tracker at HL-LHC.This 254-channel, 130nm CMOS ASIC is designed to be bump-bonded to a substrate to which sensors will be wire-bonded.It will instrument double-layer 2S-modules, consisting of two overlaid silicon microstrip sensors with aligned microstrips.On-chip logic identifies first level trigger primitives from high transversemomentum tracks by selecting correlated hits in the two sensors.Delivered in late 2016, the CBC3 has been under test for several months, including X-ray irradiations and SEU testing.Results and performance are reported.

A search for new physics using events containing an imbalance in transverse momentum and one or more energetic jets arising from initial-state radiation or the hadronic decay of W or Z bosons is presented. A data sample of proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s} = $ 13 TeV, collected with the CMS detector at the LHC and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb$^{-1}$, is used. The observed data are found to be in agreement with the expectation from standard model processes. The results are interpreted as limits on the dark matter production cross section in simplified models with vector, axial-vector, scalar, and pseudoscalar mediators. Interpretations in the context of fermion portal and nonthermal dark matter models are also provided. In addition, the results are interpreted in terms of invisible decays of the Higgs boson and set stringent limits on the fundamental Planck scale in the Arkani-Hamed, Dimopoulos, and Dvali model with large extra spatial dimensions.

Abstract A search for a new high-mass resonance decaying to a τ lepton and a neutrino is reported. The analysis uses proton-proton collision data collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC at s = 13 TeV , corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb − 1 . The search utilizes hadronically decaying τ leptons. No excess in the event yield is observed at high transverse masses of the τ and missing transverse momentum. An interpretation of results within the sequential standard model excludes W ′ boson masses below 4.0 TeV at 95% confidence level. Existing limits are also improved on models in which the W ′ boson decays preferentially to fermions of the third generation. Heavy W ′ bosons with masses less than 1.7–3.9 TeV, depending on the coupling in the non-universal G(221) model, are excluded at 95% confidence level. These are the most stringent limits on this model to date.