This article comprises an updated overview of magnesium chloride-supported catalysts for polypropylene, covering historical developments, mechanistic insight, and the effect of the catalyst on polymer structure.

Many countries in South Europe region, like Montenegro, are suffering from the lack of energy. The increasing demand for energy is a consequence of switching to the new political system, democracy, free market, and sometimes uncontrolled development. However, only small steps are done to fulfill these requirements by implementing energy efficiencies, alternate renewable energy sources, new energy policy etc. Solar water heating (SWH) is probably the most promising, reliable and mature technology, where the price of saved electricity is less than the current price of electricity in this region. The main reason for that is in simplicity of use such energy without its transformation to the end use, and the savings in costs of energy distribution. Furthermore, the environmental impacts associated with its use, are much less harmful than in other energy sources. There is well developed methodology for estimating the attractiveness of implementation of such technology. Discount cash flow analysis is applied for calculation the price of such kind of energy. The critical factors of an economic analysis are the available quantity of solar energy in the region, the costs of solar system and its energy efficiencies, and the cost of operating conventional or backup water heating systems. These factors severely influence the final costs of energy. The analysis is conducted in accordance to current state of the prices of electrical energy in Montenegro and the current prices of solar water heating technologies. The preliminary results are very promising.

The activity and stability of homogeneous olefin polymerisation catalysts, when immobilised on a support, are dependent on both chemical and physical effects. Chemical factors affecting catalyst activity include the ease of formation of the active species, which is strongly dependent on the transition metal. Catalyst productivity is dependent on the balance between activity and stability. Immobilisation can lead to a lower proportion of active species and therefore lower initial polymerisation activity, but nevertheless give higher polymer yields in cases where increased catalyst stability is obtained. Important physical factors are support porosity and the ability of a support to undergo progressive fragmentation during polymerisation, facilitating monomer diffusion through the growing catalyst/polymer particle. This article illustrates the importance of these factors in olefin polymerisation with both early- and late-transition metal catalysts, with particular reference to the use of silica and magnesium chloride supports as well as to effects of immobilisation on polymer structure and properties.

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.

This chapter contains sections titled: Ziegler–Natta Catalysts Metallocenes Other Single-Center Catalysts Vanadium-Based Catalysts Chromium-Based Catalysts Conclusions References

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Zirconium Catalysts Titanium Catalysts Tantalum Catalysts Chromium Catalysts Nickel Catalysts Iron Catalysts Tandem Catalysis involving Oligomerization and Polymerization Conclusions References

Advanced Synthesis & CatalysisVolume 347, Issue 1 p. 197-197 Book Review Metal-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling Reactions Rainer Stüer, Rainer Stüer rainer.stuermer@basf-ag.de BASF AG, 67056 Ludwigshafen, Germany, Fax: (+49)-621-6020-440Search for more papers by this author Rainer Stüer, Rainer Stüer rainer.stuermer@basf-ag.de BASF AG, 67056 Ludwigshafen, Germany, Fax: (+49)-621-6020-440Search for more papers by this author First published: 26 January 2005 https://doi.org/10.1002/adsc.200404362Citations: 2AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article.Citing Literature Volume347, Issue1January 2005Pages 197-197 RelatedInformation

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVAddition/CorrectionORIGINAL ARTICLEThis notice is a correctionCorrection to NCN-Pincer Metal Complexes (Ti, Cr, V, Zr, Hf, and Nb) of the Phebox Ligand (S,S)-2,6-Bis(4′-isopropyl-2′-oxazolinyl)phenylAlexey V. Chuchuryukin, Rubin Huang, Martin Lutz, John C. Chadwick, Ernst E. van Faassen, Anthony L. Spek, and Gerard van Koten*Cite this: Organometallics 2011, 30, 24, 6782Publication Date (Web):November 23, 2011Publication History Published online23 November 2011Published inissue 26 December 2011https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/om201138phttps://doi.org/10.1021/om201138pcorrectionACS PublicationsCopyright © 2011 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views655Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (65 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts

Transmetallation of 4,4'-bis{(2,6-bis[(dimethylamino)methyl]phenylgold)diphenyl-phosphino}biphenyl (3) with MCl(4) (M = Ti, NbCl, V) in benzene gave the corresponding transition metal pincer complexes (4) and insoluble 4,4'-bis[P-(chloro gold(I))diphenylphosphino]biphenyl (2), which can be quantitatively recovered and recycled. Interestingly, 3 did not react with TiCl(3). However, reaction of 2,6-bis[(dimethylamino)methyl]phenyllithium (1) with TiCl(3) resulted in formation of the novel diaryltitanium(IV) compound 5 (16% yield), comprising one N,C,N-mer bound NCN-pincer ligand and a second NCN-pincer ligand that is rearranged from a 1,2,6-isomer to a 1,2,4 one. The latter NCN-ligand is dianionic and is bidentate bonded; one of the CH(2)NMe(2) substituents (para to C'(ipso)) is non-coordinated, while the second CH(2)NMe(2) group, after C-H activation of one of the Me groups, is η(2)-C,N-bonded to the titanium centre trans to C(ipso) of the mer-NCN ligand. The new NCN-pincer metal complexes 2,6-bis[(dimethylamino)methyl]phenylTiCl(3) (4a) and 2,6-bis[(dimethylamino)methyl]-phenylVCl(2) (4d) gave, after immobilization on MgCl(2)-based supports, very high activity in ethene polymerisation.

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Cobalt-Catalyzed Hydroformylation Rhodium-Catalyzed Hydroformylation Palladium-Catalyzed Alkene–CO Reactions Methanol Carbonylation Conclusions References

ELEMENTARY STEPS Introduction Metal Deposition Ligand Decomposition by Oxidation Phosphines Phosphites Imines and Pyridines Carbenes Reactions of Metal-Carbon and Metal-Hydride Bonds Reactions Blocking the Active Sites EARLY TRANSITION METAL CATALYSTS FOR OLEFIN POLYMERIZATION Ziegler-Natta Catalysts Metallocenes Other Single-Center Catalysts Vanadium-Based Catalysts Chromium-Based Catalysts Conclusions LATE TRANSITION METAL CATALYSTS FOR OLEFIN POLYMERIZATION Nickel- and Palladium-Based Catalysts Iron- and Cobalt-Based Catalysts Conclusions EFFECTS OF IMMOBILIZATION OF CATALYSTS FOR OLEFIN POLYMERIZATION Introduction Metallocenes and Related Complexes Other Titanium and Zirconium Complexes Vanadium Complexes Chromium Complexes Nickel Complexes Iron Complexes Conclusions DORMANT SPECIES IN TRANSITION METAL-CATALYZED OLEFIN POLYMERIZATION Introduction Ziegler-Natta Catalysts Metallocenes and Related Early Transition Metal Catalysts Late Transition Metal Catalysts Reversible Chain Transfer in Olefin Polymerization Conclusions TRANSITION METAL CATALYZED OLEFIN OLIGOMERIZATION Introduction Zirconium Catalysts Titanium Catalysts Tantalum Catalysts Chromium Catalysts Nickel Catalysts Iron Catalysts Tandem Catalysis Involving Oligomerization and Polymerization Conclusions ASYMMETRIC HYDROGENATION Introduction Incubation by Dienes in Rhodium Diene Precursors Inhibition by Substrates, Solvents, Polar Additives, and Impurities Inhibition by Formation of Bridged Species Inhibition by Ligand Decomposition Inhibition by the Product Inhibition by Metal Formation Heterogeneous Catalysis by Metals Selective Activation and Deactivation of Enantiomeric Catalysts Conclusions CARBONYLATION REACTIONS Introduction Cobalt-Catalyzed Hydroformylation Rhodium-Catalyzed Hydroformylation Palladium-Catalyzed Alkene-CO Reactions Methanol Carbonylation Conclusions METAL-CATALYZED CROSS-COUPLING REACTIONS Introduction: A Few Historic Notes On the Mechanism of Initiation and Precursors Transmetallation Reductive Elimination Phosphine Decomposition Metal Impurities Metal Nanoparticles and Supported Metal Catalysts Conclusions ALKENE METATHESIS Introduction Molybdenum and Tungsten Catalysts Rhenium Catalysts Ruthenium Catalysts Conclusions

This chapter contains sections titled: Nickel- and Palladium-based Catalysts Iron- and Cobalt-based Catalysts Conclusions References

Reaction of (S,S)-2,6-bis(4'-isopropyl-2'-oxazolinyl)phenyllithium (i-Pr-Phebox-Li) (2a) with 4,4'-bis[P-(chlorogold(I))diphenylphosphino]biphenyl [(dppbp)(AuCl)(2)] (5) afforded the new, bimetallic gold complex 4,4'-bis[P-(eta(1)-C-i-Pr-Phebox-gold)diphenylphosphino]biphenyl [(P-Au(eta(1)-C-i-Pr-Phebox))(2)(dppbp)] (6). Transmetalation of 6 with 2 equiv of Cl3MX (MX = TiOi-Pr, VCl, CrPy, ZrCl, HfCl, NbO) afforded the corresponding monopincer compounds [MCl2X(i-Pr-Phebox)] (M = Ti, V, Cr) (7) and [MCl2X(i-Pr-Phebox)](2) (M = Zr, Hf, Nb) (8) in high yields and the gold starting material 5, which could be quantitatively recovered and reused. The structures in the solid state of the digold compound 6, the monopincer compounds R-PheboxAu(PPh3) (R = i-Pr, t-Bu), and a number of Phebox-ETM complexes (7a, 7b, 7c, 8a, 8b, and 8c) were obtained. In each of these structures the i-Pr-Phebox monoanion is mer-N,C,N-tridentate bonded. The monopincer Phebox-Zr and -Hf compounds are dimeric because of two bridging chlorides, while the corresponding Nb compound has bridging oxygen atoms. Reaction of 6 with iron(III) chloride resulted in the formation of a N-4(FeCl2)(2) complex, characterized by X-ray crystal structure determination, comprising a bridging, tetradentate N-4 ligand formed by C-C coupling of two Phebox anions to a biphenyl species. The new Phebox complexes 7 and 8 have been tested as olefin polymerization precatalysts. Rapid catalyst deactivation was observed in ethene polymerization under homogeneous conditions, whereas stable activity was obtained after immobilization on MgCl2-based supports. From preliminary investigations on the reaction of 8a with either methylmagnesium chloride or methyllithium we assume that the low reactivity in homogeneous polymerization is due to the alkylation of the Phebox ligand.

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Metal Deposition Ligand Decomposition by Oxidation Phosphines Phosphites Imines and Pyridines Carbenes Reactions of Metal–Carbon and Metal–Hydride Bonds Reactions Blocking the Active Sites References