First-light measurements from the Canadian face of the Resolute Bay Incoherent Scatter Radar (RISR-C) were taken in August of 2015. Data were taken for roughly 25 h on both RISR-C and the North face of the Resolute Bay radar (RISR-N) in an 11-beam World Day mode. Overall, the measurements from the RISR-C radar are of high quality and consistent with results from the RISR-N radar. During the 25 h period analyzed in this study, the ionosphere responded to changes in orientation of the interplanetary magnetic field . During one particular event, a change from Bz negative to positive and By positive to negative caused the antisunward flow to stall, and a strong dawn-to-dusk flow, with decreased electron density and increased ion temperature, replaced it in the RISR-C field of view. Overall, it is clear that measurements from the RISR-C radar will complement and greatly expand the scope of ionospheric polar cap measurements.

AMISR is a modular, mobile, UHF radar facility used by scientists and students from around the world to conduct studies of the upper atmosphere and to observe space weather events. SRI International, under a grant from the National Science Foundation, is leading the collaborative effort in the development and operation of AMISR. The novel modular configuration allows for relocating the radar to study upper atmospheric activity at different locations around the globe. Remote operation and electronic beam steering allow researchers to operate and position the radar beam on a pulse-to-pulse basis to accurately measure and glean new information from rapidly changing space weather events.

The Poker Flat Incoherent Scatter Radar (PFISR) is the first dedicated ISR built with an electronically steerable array. This paper demonstrates the capabilities of PFISR for producing three-dimensional volumetric images of E-region ionization patterns produced by the aurora. The phase table was configured to cycle through 121 beam positions arranged in an 11×11 grid. A 13-baud Barker coded pulse was used, which provided ∼1.5-km range resolution out to a maximum range of 250km. Backscattered power was converted to electron density by correcting for path loss and applying the Buneman approximation assuming equal electron and ion temperatures. The results were then interpolated onto a three-dimensional cartesian grid. Volumetric images are presented at 5-min, 1-min, and 14.6-s integration times (corresponding to 960, 192, and 48 pulses-per-position, respectively) to illustrate the tradeoff between spatio-temporal resolution and data quality. At 14.6s cadence, variability in plasma density within the volume appears to be fully resolved in space and time, a result that is supported by both observational evidence and theoretical predictions of ionospheric response times. Some potential applications of this mode for studying magnetosphere–ionosphere interactions in the auroral zone are discussed.

This paper describes the communications systems installed at the National Science Foundation's Greenland Summit Camp. The camp sits atop the peak of the Greenland icecap and is physically isolated from the nearest point of land by over 400 km of ice. During the summer 2000 field season, the camp's communication infrastructure was significantly upgraded from an HF radio based system to a satellite link that provides phone and Internet connections. A wireless local area network allows for network access throughout the camp, which consists of only two permanent buildings and a number of temporary structures. The system has been an important factor in the successful winter-over operations at the camp and the lessons learned are now being applied to other NSF-supported field camps in the Arctic.

In 1983 Benedict Anderson's "Imagined Communities" revolutionized the anthropology of nationalism. Anderson argued that "print capitalism" fostered nations as imagined communities in a modular form that became the culture of modernity. Now, in "Represented Communities," John D. Kelly and Martha Kaplan offer an extensive and devastating critique of Anderson's depictions of colonial history, his comparative method, and his political anthropology. The authors build a forceful argument around events in Fiji from World War II to the 2000 coups, showing how focus on "imagined communities" underestimates colonial history and obscures the struggle over legal rights and political representation in postcolonial nation-states. They show that the "self-determining" nation-state actually emerged with the postwar construction of the United Nations, fundamentally changing the politics of representation. Sophisticated and impassioned, this book will further anthropology's contribution to the understanding of contemporary nationalisms.

The Fiji Museum and Hawaii's Bishop Museum research and represent local indigenes differently, and more extensively, than they do the culture and history of descendants of plantation laborers. While these museums connect Japanese-Hawaiians and Indo-Fijians to themes of economic struggle and multiculturalism, the erstwhile 'natives'are strongly, if implicitly, connected to 'nature.'Against Foucaultian approaches depicting museums as 'modern' institutions of classification, this argument locates museums with a liberal focus on nature, natives and nations (three conceptions, from the same Latin root, for self-constituting objects) as descendants of imperial museum projects, and finds not classification but glorification originally organizing museum representations. The politics of museum representation concern dilemmas in glorification, not classification. The asymmetries traced here follow local will as well as institutional design. Keywords: FijiHawaiiNationsMuseums

Leveling Crowds: Ethnonationalist Conflicts and Collective Violence in South Asia. STANLEY J. TAMBIAH. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1996. + 395 pp., figures, maps, tables, notes, bibliography, index.

Cultural AnthropologyVolume 10, Issue 1 p. 64-84 Threats to Difference in Colonial Fiji John D. Kelly, John D. Kelly Department of Anthropology University of ChicagoSearch for more papers by this author John D. Kelly, John D. Kelly Department of Anthropology University of ChicagoSearch for more papers by this author First published: February 1995 https://doi.org/10.1525/can.1995.10.1.02a00030Citations: 11AboutPDF ToolsExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume10, Issue1February 1995Pages 64-84 RelatedInformation

We analyze simultaneous measurements by the incoherent scatter radars at Saint‐Santin (45° latitude) and Chatanika (65° latitude) during a major magnetic storm in April 1978 to examine several disturbance mechanisms operating on the mid‐latitude ionosphere during periods of strong magnetospheric and auroral activity. The first type of mechanism, the extension of magnetospheric convection electric fields to mid‐latitudes, is illustrated by two large localized departures of the E×B plasma drifts over Saint‐Santin that appeared in conjunction with the two storm negative phases. In both cases they were associated with large electric fields in the afternoon sector, within the eastward electrojet region, over Chatanika. The first event can be very clearly interpreted as a global short term enhancement of magnetospheric convection electric fields, since simultaneous plasma flux intensifications were identified over the polar cap, in the afternoon eastward electrojet, and at 45° latitude. The IMF and ring current signatures of these two events confirm our previous findings: large southward values of BƵ and large values of the rate of energy injection into the ring current system, are associated with the extension of magnetospheric convection electric fields to midlatitudes. In addition, a marked equatorward shift of the auroral oval was observed during both events. During the night of the first event, the mid‐latitude drift perturbation magnitudes remained moderate (100 m/s) and did not seem to induce any significant ionospheric perturbation. The joint increase in ion and electron temperatures by 100 to 200° K above the quiet day reference level, which preserved the thermal equilibrium of the plasma, can be simply interpreted in terms of the storm‐induced global heating of the thermospheric gas. Conversely, on the night of the second event, when drift magnitudes reached several hundreds of m/s, large‐amplitude fluctuations in the F layer height and density, and very large increases (by more than 500° K) in the ion and electron temperatures were observed. Whereas collisional heating can account for a large part of the ion temperature increase, an additional energy source, heating preferentially the electron gas, is needed to explain the maintenance of the electron temperature 200° K above the ion temperature observed from the onset of the Dst decrease onward during that night. The identification of this source suffers from the lack of additional data, in particular photometric ones, in the Saint‐Santin sector. However, the unusually large fields observed at Saint‐Santin and the equatorward shift of the auroral zone observed at Chatanika in the early afternoon suggest that the plasmapause may have moved close to Saint‐Santin and that the enhanced electron temperatures observed there might have been produced by a SAR arc.