As new authentic products are introduced into the market, counterfeiting has always been on the rise. In 2015, the global economic loss caused by counterfeiting is more than 1.7 trillion US dollars and has been increasing annually. Therefore, an inexpensive but efficient anti-counterfeiting platform must be developed to end counterfeiting. Here, a wireless platform for the anti-counterfeiting with an item-tracking is developed by integrating printed four key-device units, a 13.56 MHz rectenna (wireless power transmission), supercapacitors (power storage), 1-bit code generator chip (logic code), and an electrophoretic based quick response code (memory). Our near-field communication quick response code label platform is inexpensive and effective by utilizing blockchains and high throughput roll-to-roll printed devices. When practically applied, the near field communication quick response code label wirelessly operates through a near field communication carrier signal from a smartphone to demonstrate anti-cloning and authentic item-tracking through its interconnection with the blockchain.

식료품 구입 시에 소비 빈도가 가장 높은 품목은 신선식품으로, 소비자는 신선식품을 선호하며 육류나 어류에 대한 소비가 높아지는 등 신선식품의 소비는 국민소득의 성장과 밀접한 관계가 있다. 소비 증가와 함께, 신선식품 관리를 위한 식품 공급망이 복잡해지면서 식품의 안전과 신뢰할 수 있는 유통체계의 확충을 위하여 블록체인 기술이 지속적인 관심을 받고 있다. 식품의 생육·생산·제조에서 최종적으로 사람이 섭취할 때까지의 모든 단계에서의 안전성의 확보 가능성을 보고 세계 유수의 식품 유통업체들이 블록체인 기술을 도입하고 있다. 특히 본 연구에서는 신선식품의 안전성 확보 및 건전한 유통·판매를 도모함으로써 거래자 간 신뢰를 구축하고 안전한 식품 유통을 보장하는 방법을 제안한다. 생산에서부터 소비 전 과정에서의 제품의 상태 및 유통 정보를 시공간에 상관없이 확인 및 제어할 수 있으며, 각 신선식품의 안전 수준을 실시간으로 확인할 수 있다.

The current system of assessing food quality via “use-by” dates needs to be replaced by a real-time assessment to prevent blind disposal of consumable food products. Time-temperature history (TTH) based wireless food label, which can wirelessly provide real-time food safety information to the consumer via smartphone, is a viable alternative to the “use-by” dates. However, the cost of wireless TTH-food label has been a major bottleneck in their universal application, especially regarding low-cost, large-quantity products. In addition, such labels should be robust enough to combat external debilitating factors associated with the cold chain system. To overcome these issues, a roll-to-roll (R2R) gravure was exploited to continuously print the wireless TTH-food label platform, in which an NFC antenna and thermistor were realized via all-R2R gravure printing. Then, a Si-chip transponder with an inbuilt microcontroller and R2R printed battery were simply bridged. The resulting wireless TTH-food label thus demonstrated a real-time quality assessment by examining the growth level of foodborne pathogens computed via wirelessly transmitted TTH data to the big data server system.

The macrocell-femtocell overlaid system is a promising means by which to extend coverage and to support higher data rates for mobile multimedia services.This paper proposes a resource allocation mechanism to enhance service continuity in a Long Term Evolution Advanced system.In order to support service continuity in real-time services, it performs load control to satisfy maximal data throughput.Moreover, it considers the QoS requirements of real-time and non-real-time services, such as voice, video streaming, and data.Simulation results show that our scheme provides better performance than a conventional one with respect to outage probability and data transmission throughput.

In this paper, we consider the development to the information of GPS sensor and object screening and the GPS sensor information to central control system through monitoring system development.

The macrocell-femtocell overlay LTE-Advanced network is a promising means by which to extend coverage and support higher data rates for mobile multimedia services (MMS). This study proposes a two-level resource allocation to guarantee service continuity of MMS in a macrocell-femtocell overlay LTE-Advanced network. First we consider the hybrid approach in which individual resources are arranged for dedicated use by the macrocell and femtocell and an additional common resource for their shared use. Different fractions of this common resource will be distributed periodically to the macrocell and femtocell in proportion to the occupancies of the dedicated resources in the macrocell and femtocell. Second we apply different subchannel allocation strategies to the macrocell and femtocell based on the behaviors of each cell. For the macrocell, our scheme allocates the subchannel whose channel gain is the maximum for each user. By contrast, for the femtocell, the subchannels that have been occupied most frequently are allocated preferentially to the user to maximize the reusability of the resource. In this way, our proposed scheme increases the resource utilization efficiencies and thereby guarantees service continuity of MMS in a macrocell-femtocell overlay network. We performed a simulation to evaluate our scheme regarding outage probability, handover failure rate, blocking rate, and total packet throughput.

In this paper we propose a resource management method which enables to guarantee the quality of experience (QoE) for handover in the overlaid macro-femtocell networks. How to cope with the resource demand of handover calls is necessary to efficiently support the movement of mobile terminals, the QoE degradation or the load control. We attempt to satisfy the QoE requirements of users and maximize the capacity of the system at the same time. In order to achieve this goal, this scheme divides the shared resources into two part for the movement of MT and QoE degradation, and allocates those resources with the competition between four types of handovers. Simulation results show that our scheme provides better performances than the conventional one with respect to the outage probability, data transmission throughput

This paper proposes a novel resource allocation scheme which allows to guarantee the user-perceived service quality for various high-quality mobile multimedia service such as interactive game, tactile internet service, remote emergency medical service or remote disaster handling robot control to a certain level in the mobile networks. In our proposed scheme, Mean Opinion Score(MOS), which represents the degree of user satisfaction for perceived quality, is determined based on the delay limit allowable to each service. Moreover resources are allocated in consideration of this MOS. Simulation results show that our proposed scheme can decrease the outage probability in comparison with existing schemes Moreover it can increase the total throughput as well.

This paper proposes resource reservation scheme for the handoff control to accommodate mobile multimedia traffic using the location estimation and the direction estimation. This proposed scheme uses a novel mobile tracking method based on fuzzy multi-criteria decision making, in which uncertain parameters such as pilot signal strength, distance between the mobile terminal and the base station, the moving direction, and the previous location are used in the decision process using the aggregation function in fuzzy set theory. With the position information, the moving direction is determined. The handoff requests for real time sessions are handled based on the direction prediction and the resource reservation scheme. The radio resources in the estimated adjacent cells should be reserved and allocated to guarantee the continuity of the real-time sessions. In performance analysis, our proposed scheme provides a better performance than the previous schemes.

This paper proposes a novel traffic and resource management scheme based on Service Level Agreement (SLA) which allows to guarantee the quality of experience (QoE) for various high-quality mobile multimedia service users to a certain level. For this purpose, QoE-SLA coupling structure is considered and a novel scheme is suggested to suppress the processing delay of the mobile terminal and to decrease the transfer delay in the transmission network. According to simulation results, our proposed scheme can increase the total throughput and decrease the average delay by adjusting SLA.

이동통신망에서는 채널 사용을 극대화하기 위하여 제한된 송신 전력으로 멀티미디어 트래픽을 지원해야 한다. 실시간 전송 기반의 데이터들은 지연에 민감하므로 이를 고려해야 하고, 비실시간성 데이터는 비교적 지연에 둔감하므로 패킷 손실에 유연하게 대처할 수 있다. 따라서 제한된 송신 전력으로 멀티미디어 트래픽을 지원하여야 하므로 하향 링크 전력을 최소로 유지하면서 QoE 제약 조건을 충족시키는 방안이 필요하다. 전송률의 증가에 따라 소비되는 전력이 크게 증대되므로 다양한 이동 멀티미디어 서비스를 지원하기 위해서는 에너지 소비 절감 기술이 요구된다. 또한 인터넷 기반의 멀티미디어 서비스는 자원 요구량, QoE 요건이 상이하므로 적응적인 전력 관리가 필수적이다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 QoE을 일정 수준으로 충족시키면서 전력 소모를 최소화하기 위한 방안을 제안한다. Mobile communication systems should be able to support multimedia traffics with limited transmit power due to the frequency reuse for maximizing the channel accommodation. Real-time data is very sensitive to delay, and they need to be transmitted instantly. On the other hand, non-real time data is less sensitive to delay, and their packet loss can be handled more flexibly. Therefore an adaptive resource management scheme is essentially required which enables to keep the minimal power allocated in the base station while guaranteeing the user requirements for QoE within a permissible range. Power-saving techniques are required in order to support multimedia services in the mobile networks because the power consumption increases greatly with the transmission rate increase. This paper proposes a novel scheme which enables to keep the allocated power minimal while guaranteeing the user requirements for QoE within a permissible range.

In this paper we propose the resource allocation scheme for the overlaid macro-femtocell networks, which considers the type of handovers such as the inter-macrocell, macrocell-to-femtocell, femtocell-to-macrocell, or inter-femtocell in order to guarantee Quality of Service (QoS) and expand the accommodation capacity. Our proposed scheme takes into account the movement of mobile terminals, the QoS degradation, or the load control which trigger handovers in the overlaid networks, before it allocates resources dynamically. Moreover it considers QoS requirements of realtime or non-realtime mobile multimedia services such as video communication, Video on Demand (VoD) and dataa services. Simulation results show that our scheme provides better performances than the conventional one with respect to the outage probability, data transmission throughput and handover failure rate.

SR DEVS 모델링에 의한 객체 상속은 일부 자산에 대한 숨겨진 상속이 가능하다. 부모 객체로부터 넘겨받은 자산에 대해 자식 객체는 넘겨받은 자산의 일부 혹은 전부를 각각의 지정된 함수에 의해 수행할 수도 수행하지 않을 수도 있다. 자산 수행에 대한 숨겨진 상속은 자식 객체가 해당 자산에 대해 자원은 보유하고 있더라도 그것에 대한 수행은 하지 않는 것이다. 상속된 자산은 자식 객체의 자산 수행 전체에 나타나지 않을 수도 있으며, 특정한 시스템 상태에 따라 자산 수행을 할 수 있다. 여기서 자산 수행 전체라 함은 자식 객체가 생성되어 소멸될 때까지의 시간적 요소도 포함된다. 본 논문에서는 부모 객체로부터 상속받은 자산에 대해 숨겨진 상속 결정에 대한 확률 방안을 기술한다. 결정확률 함수에 의해 상속 자산이 숨겨진 상속이 될지 정상 상속이 될지 결정되는 것이다. In the object inheritance of SR DEVS, partial or overall asset inheritance can be possible. To a asset inherited from parent object, by respective dedicated function a child object can implement partial or whole asset, or not. Even though a child has a inherited asset, if the asset is the hidden property its implementation will not be provided. A inherited asset cannot be showed in whole asset implementation, or it can be implemented by special system state. Here, the whole asset implementation means may include time parameter. In this paper, we describe a determination probability scheme for partial or whole asset inherited from the parent object to determine the hidden inheritance. By the determination probability function it is decided that the inherited asset will be hidden or normal asset.

The macro-femto overlaid LTE-Advanced networks have been drawing many attentions from mobile operators with their capability of extending coverages and supporting higher data rates.Effective and efficient resource allocation schemes must be preceded in order to deploy this overlaid cellular network successfully.This paper proposes the adaptive resource management scheme which categorizes the entire time-frequency resource blocks of the overlaid cellular network into the dedicated and the shared one, and allocates these resources stage by stage on the basis of user location and user-required data rate in order to expand the user accommodation capacity.Moreover, it enables to share loads evenly in the overlaid cellular network by performing cross-tier handovers from the macrocell to the femtocell so as to maximize the total packet throughput to a certain degree.We used a simulation to evaluate the effectiveness of our scheme with the performance measure of the outage probability and total packet throughput.