Jin-Seok Lee*, Tae-Wook Jung, Beom-Young Son, Seong-Hyu Shin, Jung-Tae Kim, Hwan-Hee Bae,Seong-Bum Baek, Ja-Hwan Ku, Jong-Jin Hwang, Sun-Lim Kim, Sung-Kook Kim,Young-Up Kwon, and Jeom-Ho Lee. Korean J. Breed. Sci. 2015;47:306-11. https://doi.org/10.9787/KJBS.2015.47.3.306

“Seedgreen” (Secale cereal L.), a new rye cultivar was developed by National Institute of Crop Science (NICS), RDA in 2013. It was developed from an open pollination from within 10 rye varieties or lines including “Chochun” in 1995. The line “SR95POP-S1-140-9-1-3-7-5-3” was selected for its excellent agronomic appearance, and was placed in yield trials for three years from 2008 to 2010. The new cultivar was designated “Homil50” and was placed in regional yield trials at the five locations around Korea from 2011 to 2013, during which time the name “Seedgreen” was given. This cultivar is an erect plant type and of a long size, with a dark-green leaf color, a yellowish-white colored, medium-diameter culm, and a brown-colored, medium-size grain. The heading and maturation dates of Seedgreen were April 22 and June 16, which were 3 days and 2 days earlier than that of “Gogu”, respectively. Seedgreen also showed better winter hardiness and a greater resistance to lodging and wet injury compared to those of the check cultivar. Over three years, the average dry matter yield of Seedgreen was 8.3 ton ha (fresh yield = 39.8 ton ha), which was harvested in late April and was lower than that of the check cultivar Gogu. The seed productivity of Seedgreen was approximately 4 ton ha, which was 16 % more than that of the check. Seedgreen was higher to than Gogu in term of protein content (10.5% and 9.7%, respectively), total digestible nutrients (TDN) (58.3% and 57%, respectively), and TDN yield ha (4.81 ton and 4.77 ton, respectively). This cultivar is recommended as a fall sowing crop in areas where the average daily minimum-mean temperatures are higher than -12°C in January, and as a winter crop for whole-crop forage before the planting of rice or green manure around Korea. (

A single cross hybrid, 'Godangok', is a yellow sweet corn developed by the maize breeding team at the National Institute of Crop Science (NICS), Rural Development Administration (RDA) in 2011.This hybrid was produced by crossing between KSE5 and KSE19.KSE5 is a seed parent and KSE19 is a pollen parent of Godangok.Days to silking of Godangok was 3 days later than Danok 3, a check hybrid.Ear length and diameter of Godangok were 17.6 cm and 4.4 cm, respectively.The ratio of kernel set length to ear length was 87.1%.These characteristics of ear were similar to those of the check hybrid.However, the Degree Brix was 24.3 °Bx, higher than the check hybrid, 14.1 °Bx.Lodging tolerance of Godangok was better than the check hybrid.The number and weight of fresh ear of Godangok were similar to those of the check hybrid in regional yield trials (RYT) from 2009 to 2011.Seed production of this hybrid is good due to good match between the seed and pollen parent.It is adaptable to the whole country.Plant variety protection right of 'Godangok' was registered in July 2014, and its grant number is 5094.

Dahan' (Avena sativa L.), a winter oat cultivar for forage use, was developed by the breeding team at the Department of Rice and Winter Cereal Crop, National Institute Crop Science (NICS), Rural Development Administration (RDA) in 2011.It was derived from an original cross between F1[Sprinter/73625] and 'Gwiri26'.Subsequent generations followed by the cross were handled in bulk and pedigree selection programs at Suwon.A line, 'SO99027-GB-B-113-4-4-3', was selected for cold tolerance and good agronomic characteristics and as a line name of 'Gwiri75'.The line 'Gwiri75' was subsequently evaluated for cold tolerance and forage yield during 3 years in four region such as Yesan, Iksan, Kimjae, and Jeju, from 2009 to 2011 and finally named as 'Dahan'.Though similar in heading date to the check cultivar Samhan, 'Dahan' had tall

A new naked oat (Avena sativa L.) cultivar 'Suyang' was developed by National Institute of Crop Science, RDA in 2010.It was derived from the cross between 'Sikyonggwiri' and 'Gwiri23'.Subsequent generations were handled in a bulk method and pedigree selection program, and 'SO96025-B-303-44-2-4' was selected for agronomic appearance in 2002.The line showed both high yield and good husking rate of seed in the Yield Trial tested at Suwon in 2003 to 2004, being designated as 'Gwiri56'.The 'Gwiri56' was subsequently evaluated for winter hardiness, earliness, and yield in four locations, Gimje, Iksan, Jeongeup and Jinju from 2005 to 2010 and was released as the name of 'Suyang'.'Suyang' had 11 days earlier heading date and 6 days earlier maturing time than the check cultivar 'Seonyang' in field condition.The 'Suyang' had 23.7 cm of spike length, 568 spikes per m 2 , 73 grains per spike, 29.2 g of 1,000-grain weight, and 646 g of test weight.'Suyang' showed better winter hardiness than that of the check cultivar 'Seonyang', and similar seed quality to the check cultivar in respect to crude protein (11.3%) and β-glucan content (4.7%).However, it showed higher husking rate than that of check cultivar.The grain yield of 'Suyang' in the regional yield trial for 4 years was averaged 4.35 MT ha -1, which was 29% higher than that of the check cultivar 'Seonyang'.'Suyang' is recommended for fall sowing cropping only in the south area where daily minimum mean temperatures are averaged higher than -4℃ in January.

This experiment was carried out to investigate the differences of the growth and yield characteristics at different planting dates in two soybean ecotypes from 2012 to 2013. Three summer types of soybean varieties, Seaol, Chamol, Hanol and three autumn types, Hwanggum, Taegwang, Daepung were planted 4 times from 1 May to 1 August in paddy field at the experimental field of National Institute of Crop Science in Suwon, Korea. Emergence rate was shown to difference among the varieties and the lowest planting at 29 June cause of the severe drought in 2012. The emergence period and days to flowering shortened as planting date delayed regardless of varieties. Emergence period more reduced in 2013 than in 2012 and days to flowering was more shortened in the summer types than in the autumn types. Stem height, number of main stem nodes, stem diameter were different among the summer types and the autumn types and reduced as planting date delayed. Number of main stem nodes and number of branch were different but no difference were observed in the stem height and stem diameter between 2012 and 2013. The number of pod per plant was the highest planting at 21 May and the lowest planting at 1 August and more in the autumn types than in the summer types. The number of seed per plant was the highest at planting 29 June and the lowest at planting 1 August and more in the autumn types than in the summer types and more in 2012 than in 2013. It was observed that one hundred seed weight was reduced rapidly planting at 1 August and heavier in the summer types than in the autumn types and heavier in 2013 than in 2012. Seed yield was the highest at planting 29 June and the lowest at planting 1 August, and 85kg/10a higher in the autumn types and 47kg/10a higher in 2012 than in the summer types and 2013, respectively.

양안옥은 다수성 사료용 옥수수 품종 개발을 목표로 2012년에 농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원에서 자식계통 KS164과 KS163을 교잡하여 육성한 다수성 단교잡종이다. 양안옥의 종피색은 황오렌지색이며 입질은 중간종이다. 양안옥은 2007~2008년 동안 생산력검정시험을 거쳐, 2009~2012년까지 3년간 4지역에서 지역적응시험을 실시하였다. 그 결과 우수성이 인정되어 2012 농작물 직무육성 신품종으로 결정되었고 양안옥으로 명명하였다. 양안옥의 출사일수는 대비 품종인 광평옥보다 2일 빠르다. 간장은 광평옥과 유의한 차이는 없으나 착수고율은 광평옥보다 높고 도복은 광평옥과 비슷한 정도로 강하며 후기녹체성과 이삭비율도 광평옥과 유의한 차이는 없다. 양안옥의 깨씨무늬병은 광평옥과 비슷한 중강의 저항성을 보이며, 그을음무늬병도 광평옥과 같이 강한 편이다. 검은줄오갈병, 이삭썩음병 및 조명나방도 광평옥과 같이 중 정도의 저항성을 보인다. 양안옥의 건물수량은 17.45 톤/ha이며, TDN수량은 11.96 톤/ha로 광평옥과 유의한 차이는 없었다. 양안옥의 종실수량은 8.32 톤/ha로 장다옥과 유의한 차이는 없었다. 4 : 1 (모본 : 부본) 재식비율로 동시 파종하여 채종 시험한 결과 모본의 출사기와 부본의 화분비산기간이 일치하며 채종수량은 1.79 톤/ha이었다. 양안옥은 전국적으로 재배가 가능하다. Yanganok, a new single cross variety, was developed by the maize breeding team at the National Institute of Crop Science (NICS), RDA in 2012. This hybrid, which has a high yield of grain was produced by crossing two inbred lines, KS164 and KS163. KS164 is the seed parent and KS163 is the pollen parent of Yanganok. It is a yellow-orange intermediate maize hybrid (Zea mays L.). After a preliminary yield trial and advanced yield trial of Yanganok (Suwon180) in Suwon for 2 years, a regional yield trial was carried out for its growth characteristics, and yields were determined at 4 different locations from 2009 to 2012, with the exception of 2010. It was named 'Yanganok'. The silking date of Yanganok is 2 days earlier than that of the check hybrid, Kwangpyeongok. Plant height of Yanganok is similar to Kwangpyeongok, but its ear height ratio is higher than that of Kwangpyeongok. It has resistance to lodging. Stay-green features of Yanganok are similar to those of Kwangpyeongok. The ear ratio of Yanganok is similar to Kwangpyeongok. It has moderate resistance to southern leaf blight (Bipolaris maydis) and strong resistance to northern leaf blight (Exserohilum turcicum). It has moderate resistance to black streaked dwarf virus (BSDV), ear lot and corn borer. The dry matter yield of Yanganok, 17.45 ton/ha, was similar to that of Kwangpyeongok. The total digestible nutrients (TDN) yield of Yanganok, 11.96 ton/ha, was similar to that of Kwangpyeongok. The grain yield of Yanganok, 8.32 ton/ha was similar to that of Jangdaok. Seed production of Yanganok went well due to a good match during crossing between the seed parent, KS164, and the pollen parent, KS163, in Yeongwol, and F1 seed yield was 1.79 ton/ha. Yanganok would be a suitable cultivar to all plain areas in the Korean peninsula.

Yang-Kil Kim1*, Seong-Bum Baek1, Mi-Ja Lee1, Mi-Jung Kim1, Hong-Sik Kim1, Jong-Nae Hyun1, Jong-Jin Hwang1, Sae-Jung Suh1, Si-Ju Kim1, Jae-Chul Kim2, and Jai-Hyun Jeung3. Korean J. Breed. Sci. 2013;45:399-404. https://doi.org/10.9787/KJBS.2013.45.4.399

`Okhan` (Avena sativa L.), an oat cultivar for winter use, was developed by the breeding team at the Department of Rice and Winter Cereal Crop, NICS, RDA in 2011. It was derived from an original cross between `Early80`, exhibiting early heading, and `Maine PI-590` (CI 7518), exhibiting large-size grain, in 1995. Subsequent generations as well as cross-bred cultivars were handled in bulk, and pedigree selection programs took place at Suwon and Yeoncheon, respectively. A promising line, `SO95027-B-45-16-10-6-2-Y7-10`, was selected in 2004, and was designated `Gwiri74` after being selected from a yield trial for three years from 2005 to 2008. The breeding line `Gwiri74` was subsequently evaluated for earliness of heading and forage yield in four different locations, Yesan, Iksan, Kimjae, and Jeju, from 2009 to 2011, and was finally named as `Okhan`. Over 3 years, the heading date of `Okhan` was about 6 days earlier than that of the check cultivar `Samhan`, and their average forage dry matter yield harvested at the milk-ripe stage was 15.0 ton , compared with 14.1 ton of check cultivar. Cultivar `Okhan` was lower than the check cultivar `Samhan` in terms of the protein content (9.2% and 9.9%, respectively) and total digestible nutrients (58.5%, and 59.3%, respectively), while the TDN yield per ha was more than the check (8.70 and 8.36 kg, respectively). Fall sowing cropping of `Okhan` is recommended only in areas where average daily minimum mean temperatures in January are higher than , and it should not be cultivated in mountain areas, where frost damage is likely to occur.

Ja-Hwan Ku*, Ouk-Kyu Han, Beom-Young Son, Jin-Seok Lee, Jung-Tae Kim, Dae-Wook Kim, Yu-Young Lee, Min-Tae Kim, Jung-Kyeong Moon, Jong-Jin Hwang, Chung-Guk Kim, Seong-Bum Baek, and Young-Up Kwon . Korean J. Breed. Sci. 2013;45:253-7. https://doi.org/10.9787/KJBS.2013.45.3.253

Flower color of hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth) was observed individually in F2 of crosses among violet, white, pink flower varieties, and between pale pink and pink flower varieties for providing information of useful gene as source of colored flower. F2 segregation mode of flower color between cross of white/violet was fitted to 3 violet : 1 white, and same segregation ratio of 3 violet : 1 pink was found in F2 of cross of violet/pink flower variety. Also, F2 segregation of flower color between cross of pale pink/pink flower variety was fitted to 3 violet : 1 white. When white flower was crossed with pink flower, flower color in F2 population segregated into 9 violet : 3 pink : 4 white. Based on the results, this study indicated that flower color of parental varieties was controlled by recessive epistatic interactions of two genes, and pale pink flower color was recessive to the pink color of the parental variety. This flower color inheritance may be used for practical application in breeding of hairy vetch variety.

'태한'은 내한성이 있어 남부지역뿐만 아니라 충청지역에서도 월동이 가능하면서 숙기가 빨라 논에서 벼 앞그루로 재배할 수 있는 조숙 다수성 귀리 품종 개발을 목표로 2012년 농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원에서 육성되었다. 잡종은 2000년에 '말귀리'을 모본으로 하고, 'CI18015'를 부본으로 온실에서 인공 교배하여 작성되었으며, 집단 및 계통 선발에 의해 내한성이 강하고 초형이 우수한 'SO00020BYB-15-5-9-4-3' 계통을 선발하였다. 이 계통은 2008년부터 2009년까지 2개년에 걸쳐 생산력검정시험을 실시하였으며, 숙기가 빠르고 수량이 많아 '귀리78호'로 계통명을 부여하고 2010년부터 2012년까지 3년간 충남 예산, 전북 익산(전작과 답리작), 제주 등 4개 지역에서 지역적응시험을 실시하였다. 그 계통은 2012년 9월 신품종으로 선정되었으며, 그 특성은 다음과 같다. 귀리 신품종 '태한'은 녹색 잎, 황색 줄기, 담황색의 종실을 가졌다. 출수기는 전국 평균 5월 8일로 표준품종인 '삼한' 보다 7일 빨랐다. '태한'의 내한성은 '삼한'과 대등하였고, 도복에 강하였다. 건물수량은 ha당 평균 14.5톤으로 14.1톤인 '삼한'에 비해 다소 높은 경향을 보였으나 유의성은 없었다. '태한'은 조단백질 함량이 6.3%, 가소화양분총량(TDN)이 60.7%로 '삼한' (각각 7.7 %, 62.1%)에 비해 다소 낮았으나 TDN 수량은 ha당 9.1톤으로 8톤인 '삼한' 보다 1.1톤 많았다. '태한'의 적응지역은 1월 최저평균기온이 $-6^{\circ}C$ 이상인 지역이면 전국 어느 곳에서나 재배가 가능하며, 특히 벼 이앙이 빨라 월동작물의 재배가 곤란한 지역에서도 답리작 재배를 통한 조사료 생산이 가능하다. 'Taehan' (Avena sativa L.), a winter oat for forage use, was developed by the breeding team at the Department of Rice and Winter Cereal Crops, NICS, RDA in 2012. It was derived from a cross between 'Malgwiri' and 'CI8015'. Subsequent generations were handled in bulk and pedigree selection programs at Suwon and Yeoncheon, respectively. After 2 years of preliminary and advanced yield tests, 'SO00020B-YB-15-5-9-4-3', designated as 'Gwiri78', were subsequently evaluated for earliness and forage yield during 3 years in four regions such as Yesan, Iksan-1 (Paddy), Iksan-2 (upland), and Jeju from 2010 to 2012, and finally named 'Taehan'. Over 3 years, the heading date of 'Taehan' was about 6 days earlier than that of the check cultivar 'Samhan' (May 8 and May 14, respectively), and their average forage dry matter yield harvested at the milk-ripe stage was 14.5 tone $ha^{-1}$, compared with 14.1 tone $ha^{-1}$ for the check cultivar. The cultivar 'Taehan' was lower than that of the check cultivar 'Samhan' in terms of protein content (6.3% and 7.7%, respectively) and total digestible nutrients (60.7%, and 62.1%, respectively). The TDN yield was more than that of the check cultivar (9.1 tone $ha^{-1}$ and 8.0 tone $ha^{-1}$, respectively). Fall cropping of 'Taehan' is recommended only in areas where average daily minimum mean temperatures in January are > $-6^{\circ}C$, and it should not be cultivated in mountainous areas, where frost damage is likely to occur.

ABSTRACT Lysine is the first limiting essential amino acid in cereals for humans and monogastric animals, although its content is generally low. A chemically induced high-lysine barley mutant, M98, has an agronomically undesirable shrunken en-dosperm trait. In order to obtain detailed insight into the atypical traits of M98 grains, we characterized amino acid composition and protein profiles of M98 and its parent cultivar Chalssalbori. Among a total of 16 amino acids, the percentage of each of the 7 amino acids, including lysine, was 1.2∼1.8 times higher in M98, comparing to Chalssalbori. The percentage of proline and its precursor, glutamic acid, in M98 was about the half of that of the amino acids in Chalssalbori, but arginine synthesized from glutamic acid was 1.8 times higher in M98, compared that in the parent cultivar. Theses results indicated that the mutation in M98 grains might alter the proportion of amino acids linked to each other in a biosynthetic pathway. A comparison of grain proteome profiles between Chalssalbori and M98 revealed 70 differentially expressed protein spots, where 45 protein spots were up-regulated and 25 protein spots down-regulated in M98 compared to those in Chalssalbori. Of these changed protein spots, 53 were iden-tified using nano-electrospray ionization liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. Most of these identified proteins were in-volved in various biological processes. In particular, 28 protein spots such as β-amylase, serpins and B3-hordein were identified as proteins associated with the atypical traits of M98. It was thought that a genetic study on the unique protein profile of M98 would be needed to develop an agronomically feasible barley cultivar with high-lysine trait.

Joseong', a winter forage triticale cultivar (X Triticosecale Wittmack), was developed by the breeding team at the Department of Rice and Winter Cereal Crop, NICS, RDA in 2010.The cultivar 'Joseong' was selected from the cross FAHAD_5/RHINO1R.1D5+10 5D'5B'//FAHAD_5 by CIMMYT (Mexico) in 1992.Subsequent generations were handled in pedigree selection program at Mexico from 1993 to 1998, and a line 'CTSS92Y-A-4Y-0M-5Y-0B' was selected for earliness and good agronomic characteristics.After preliminary and advance yield test in Korea for 2 years, the line designated as a line name of 'Iksan26'.The 'Iksan26' was subsequently evaluated for earliness and forage yield in 7 different locations such as Jeju, Iksan, Cheongwon, Yesan, Naju, Daegu, and Jinju from 2008 to 2010 and finally named as 'Joseong'.The cultivar 'Joseong' has characteristics of dark green leaf, yellow culm and spike, and large grain of yellowish brown color.The heading date of cultivar 'Joseong' was April 24, which was 5 days earlier than that of check cultivar 'Shinyoung'.It showed better tolerance or resistance to lodging, wet injury, powdery mildew, and leaf rust than those of the check cultivar 'Shinyoung'.The average forage dry matter yield of cultivar 'Joseong' at milk-ripe stage was 14.5 MT ha 1 , which was lower than 16.5 MT ha 1 of the check cultivar 'Shinyoung'.The silage quality of 'Joseong' (5.3%) was lower to the check cultivar 'Shinyoung' (6.0%) in crude protein content, while was 2.1% superior to the check cultivar 'Shinyoung' (61.9%) in TDN (total digestible nutrients).It showed 5.1 MT ha 1 of grain yield, which was 40% higher than that of the check cultivar 'Shinyoung' (3.65 MT ha 1).This cultivar is recommended for fall sowing crop in the area where daily minimum mean temperatures are averaged higher than 10 in January, and as a winter crop using whole crop forage before planting rice in around Korea.

This study was carried out to evaluate the quality properties, fatty acid composition and amino acid composition of major Korean inbred lines and hybrids of maize for corn breeding. Protein content of F₂ seeds was 9.0%, which was slightly lower than those of inbred lines, 11.4%, and F1 seeds, 10.9%. in hybrid maizes. Lipid content of F₂ seeds of hybrid maizes was 4.2%, slightly higher than those of inbred lines, 3.3%, and F₁ seeds, 3.6%. However, there was no significant difference in ash content. The amount of linoleic acid in inbred lines, F₁ and F₂ seeds of hybrid maizes was highest among all fatty acids and followed by oleic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid and linolenic acid. The composition of saturated fatty acid of F₂ seeds was 17.6%, similar to F₁ seeds but it was lower than that of inbred lines. The composition of unsaturated fatty acid of F₂ seeds was 82.4%, similar to F₁ seeds but was higher than inbred lines. The content of leucine of F₂ seeds was lower than inbred lines and F₁ seeds. The content of valine, serine, threonine, cysteine, aspartic acid, lysine, arginine, histidine of F₂ seeds was higher than inbred lines and F₁ seeds. MMA (monoamino monocarboxylic acid) in inbred lines, F₁ and F₂ seeds of hybrid maizes was highest among all amino acids and followed by DMA (diamino monocarboxylic acid) and AAA (aromatic amino acid).